שָׁחַח

Job 9:13 שָׁ֝חֲח֗וּ they lay prostrate

God does not restrain His anger; the helpers of Rahab cower beneath Him.

Job 38:40 יָשֹׁ֥חוּ they will crouch

when they crouch in their dens and lie in wait in the thicket?

Here: 'They crouch low.' The lions press their bodies to the ground, the tense, flattened posture of a predator before it springs. The verb form describes something they habitually do.

Psalm 10:10 יָשֹׁ֑חַ he is bowed down

They are crushed and beaten down; the helpless fall prey to his strength.

Psalm 35:14 שַׁחֽוֹתִי׃ I bowed

I paced about as for my friend or brother; I was bowed down with grief, like one mourning for his mother.

Psalm 38:6 שַׁחֹ֣תִי I am bent over

I am bent and brought low; all day long I go about mourning.

Here: "I am bowed low." A posture word: head and back sunk down, used of mourners (Ps 35:14) and of the humbled or crushed. Paired with the first verb to make one picture of a body folded down.

Psalm 42:5 תִּשְׁתּ֬וֹחֲחִ֨י׀ are you bowed down

Why are you downcast, O my soul? Why the unease within me? Put your hope in God, for I will yet praise Him for the salvation of His presence.

Here: 'Why do you bow yourself down?' The verb form makes the action reflexive, as if the self is folding in on itself. The picture is a body slumped or crouched, the posture of a mourner, and not just a low mood. The verb is feminine because nefesh ('soul') is a feminine noun.

Psalm 42:6 תִשְׁתּ֫וֹחָ֥ח it is bowed down

O my God, my soul despairs within me. Therefore I remember You from the land of Jordan and the peaks of Hermon—even from Mount Mizar.

Here: A body-posture verb: to be bent, crouched, brought low. The form is reflexive, 'it bows itself down', so the self is pictured slumping in on itself. It repeats the refrain's 'Why are you bowed down?' (v. 5), and the reply to that question here is a flat statement: 'it is bowed down'.

Psalm 42:11 תִּשְׁתּ֬וֹחֲחִ֨י׀ are you bowed down

Why are you downcast, O my soul? Why the unease within me? Put your hope in God, for I will yet praise Him, my Savior and my God.

Here: A reflexive form, 'you bow yourself down'. It pictures the self slumped, crouching, sunk to the ground, the way a mourner sits bent over. The form is feminine because 'soul' (nefesh) is a feminine noun in Hebrew, not because a woman is speaking.

Psalm 43:5 תִּשְׁתּ֬וֹחֲחִ֨י׀ are you bowed down

Why are you downcast, O my soul? Why the unease within me? Put your hope in God, for I will yet praise Him, my Savior and my God.

Here: 'Do you bow yourself down?' The reflexive verb shows the self folding down on itself, the stooped body of a mourner. The feminine form agrees with nefesh (soul, self), a feminine noun.

Psalm 107:39 וַיָּשֹׁ֑חוּ and they were bowed down

When they are decreased and humbled by oppression, evil, and sorrow,

Here: They are bent over and pressed down, the posture of someone beaten, grieving or humiliated. They are not choosing to bow in reverence. They are being forced low.

Proverbs 14:19 שַׁח֣וּ they bow

The evil bow before the good, and the wicked at the gates of the righteous.

Here: Not a polite bow and not worship. It is the bent-over, brought-low posture of someone who has lost standing. The Hebrew perfect states a settled truth ('this is how it ends up'). The one verb covers both halves of the verse.

Ecclesiastes 12:4 וְיִשַּׁ֖חוּ and they may be reduced

when the doors to the street are shut and the sound of the mill fades away, when one rises at the sound of a bird and all the daughters of song grow faint,

Isaiah 2:9 וַיִּשַּׁ֥ח and he has been humbled

So mankind is brought low, and man is humbled—do not forgive them!

Here: 'And [humankind] was bowed down.' The verb is passive or reflexive: bent over, pushed down. It echoes 'they bow down' (yishtaḥawu) to idols in verse 8. People who bend low before what they made are themselves bent low.

Isaiah 2:11 וְשַׁ֖ח and it will be humbled

The proud look of man will be humbled, and the loftiness of men brought low; the LORD alone will be exalted in that day.

Here: 'And will be bent down', a physical picture of stooping or crouching, said of the proud and of mourners. Two verses earlier (2:9) the same verb describes people bowing to their idols. Now they will be bowed down by God.

Isaiah 2:17 וְשַׁח֙ and it will be humbled

So the pride of man will be brought low, and the loftiness of men will be humbled; the LORD alone will be exalted in that day,

Here: "And it will bow down / be bent low." A physical word for stooping or sinking, used of people bent over in grief and of hills sinking when God appears. The form (a past-tense verb joined to "and") points to the future here: this is what will happen on the day just described.

Isaiah 5:15 וַיִּשַּׁ֥ח and he has been humbled

So mankind will be brought low, and each man humbled; the arrogant will lower their eyes.

Here: 'And [he] is bowed down.' A picture of a body forced to bend or crouch. The verb form usually tells a past event, so the coming judgment is described as if it had already happened. Coming right after Sheol opens its jaws in v.14, it also suggests sinking toward the dust and the grave.

Isaiah 25:12 הֵשַׁ֥ח he will lay low

The high-walled fortress will be brought down, cast to the ground, into the dust.

Isaiah 26:5 הֵשַׁח֙ he will lay low

For He has humbled those who dwell on high; He lays the lofty city low. He brings it down to the ground; He casts it into the dust.

Here: 'He made bow down.' The picture is someone forced to crouch or stoop. The verb is in the completed form, so the song presents the fall as already done (or as certain as if it were done).

Isaiah 29:4 תִּשַּׁ֣ח it will be humbled

You will be brought low, you will speak from the ground, and out of the dust your words will be muffled. Your voice will be like a spirit from the ground; your speech will whisper out of the dust.

Isaiah 60:14 שְׁח֙וֹחַ֙ by bowing down

The sons of your oppressors will come and bow down to you; all who reviled you will fall facedown at your feet and call you the City of the LORD, Zion of the Holy One of Israel.

Here: A verb form used here like an adverb, "bowed low, stooping." They walk the whole way bent over. In Isaiah this verb is how the proud are "brought low" (2:9, 11, 17; 5:15).

Habakkuk 3:6 שַׁח֖וּ they have bowed down

He stood and measured the earth; He looked and startled the nations; the ancient mountains crumbled; the perpetual hills collapsed. His ways are everlasting.

Here: 'They bowed down, sank low.' The hills physically sag and collapse, and the verb also carries the picture of bowing in submission before a superior. Both senses are present.