Hebrew word · H8384

תְּאֵנָה

te'enah

fig

The fig tree (Ficus carica) or its fruit. It was one of the staple crops of the land and a symbol of settled peace and plenty.

Appears 39 times in 35 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

fig, fig tree

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Genesis 3:7

Range of meaning

The fig tree (Ficus carica) or its fruit. It was one of the staple crops of the land and a symbol of settled peace and plenty.

Against the English

"Fig leaves" is straightforward. The English phrase "fig leaf" has since become an idiom for a flimsy cover-up. That fits the story's irony, but the idiom comes from this verse rather than shaping it.

Used elsewhere in the period

Deut 8:8 lists the fig among the seven characteristic crops of the land. The ideal of peace is "each under his vine and under his fig tree" (1 Kgs 4:25; Mic 4:4). Rabbinic tradition (b. Berakhot 40a; Genesis Rabbah 15:7, Rabbi Nehemiah) argued that the forbidden tree itself was a fig: they were repaired with the same thing that ruined them.

From the study of Proverbs 27:18

Range of meaning

Fig tree, or the fig fruit itself. One of the seven characteristic products of the land (Deut 8:8).

Against the English

English 'fig tree' is accurate. What a modern reader may miss is how much the image carried: figs were everyday food, dried into cakes for storage (1 Sam 25:18), and 'each under his own vine and fig tree' was a picture of peace and plenty (1 Kgs 4:25; Mic 4:4).

Used elsewhere in the period

1 Kings 4:25; Micah 4:4; Habakkuk 3:17 (the failure of the fig tree as disaster); Song 2:13. The Babylonian Talmud (Eruvin 54a–b) applies this verse to Torah study: like a fig tree, which yields fresh fruit each time you look, Torah keeps yielding to the one who returns to it.

From the study of Jeremiah 24:5

Range of meaning

Fig, the fruit or the tree. In this vision they are 'first-ripe figs' (bikkurot, 24:2), the early crop of late spring, which was prized as a delicacy.

Against the English

'Figs' is accurate. What English readers miss is the value of first-ripe figs and their link to firstfruits.

Used elsewhere in the period

First-ripe figs are a byword for something eagerly wanted (Isa 28:4; Hos 9:10 'like the first fruit on the fig tree I saw your fathers'; Mic 7:1). Firstfruits were brought to the sanctuary in a basket (Deut 26:2). Vision-reports built on fruit appear in Amos 8:1–2, the basket of summer fruit.

Where it appears

Genesis · 1
  1. Genesis 3:7 תְאֵנָ֔ה a fig tree

    And the eyes of both of them were opened, and they knew that they were naked; so they sewed together fig leaves and made coverings for themselves.

    Here: The common fig, whose broad, tough leaves are among the largest of any tree native to the land. They were the obvious choice for a makeshift covering.

Numbers · 2
  1. Numbers 13:23 הַתְּאֵנִֽים׃ the figs

    When they came to the Valley of Eshcol, they cut down a branch with a single cluster of grapes, which they carried on a pole between two men. They also took some pomegranates and figs.

  2. Numbers 20:5 וּתְאֵנָ֤ה and fig tree

    Why have you led us up out of Egypt to bring us to this wretched place? It is not a place of grain, figs, vines, or pomegranates—and there is no water to drink!”

Deuteronomy · 1
  1. Deuteronomy 8:8 וּתְאֵנָ֖ה and fig tree

    a land of wheat, barley, vines, fig trees, and pomegranates; a land of olive oil and honey;

Judges · 2
  1. Judges 9:10 לַתְּאֵנָ֑ה to the fig tree

    Then the trees said to the fig tree, ‘Come and reign over us.’

  2. Judges 9:11 הַתְּאֵנָ֔ה the fig tree

    But the fig tree replied, ‘Should I stop giving my sweetness and my good fruit, to hold sway over the trees?’

1 Kings · 1
  1. 1 Kings 4:25 תְּאֵֽנָת֔וֹ own fig tree his

    Throughout the days of Solomon, Judah and Israel dwelt securely from Dan to Beersheba, each man under his own vine and his own fig tree.

    Here: His fig tree, a staple fruit tree with broad shade-giving leaves. Together vine and fig stand for a household's settled, long-term livelihood.

2 Kings · 2
  1. 2 Kings 18:31 תְּאֵֽנָת֔וֹ own fig tree his

    Do not listen to Hezekiah, for this is what the king of Assyria says: Make peace with me and come out to me. Then every one of you will eat from his own vine and his own fig tree and drink water from his own cistern,

  2. 2 Kings 20:7 תְּאֵנִ֑ים figs

    Then Isaiah said, “Prepare a poultice of figs.” So they brought it and applied it to the boil, and Hezekiah recovered.

Nehemiah · 1
  1. Nehemiah 13:15 וּתְאֵנִים֙ and figs

    In those days I saw people in Judah treading winepresses on the Sabbath and bringing in grain and loading it on donkeys, along with wine, grapes, and figs. All kinds of goods were being brought into Jerusalem on the Sabbath day. So I warned them against selling food on that day.

    Here: Figs are also a late-summer fruit and also spoil fast, either fresh or pressed into cakes. Together with grapes, they are the land's typical summer produce.

Psalms · 1
  1. Psalm 105:33 וּתְאֵנָתָ֑ם and fig tree[s] their

    He struck their vines and fig trees and shattered the trees of their country.

Proverbs · 1
  1. Proverbs 27:18 תְּ֭אֵנָה a fig tree

    Whoever tends a fig tree will eat its fruit, and he who looks after his master will be honored.

    Here: The fig tree, one of the staple crops of the land and a byword for a settled, prosperous life. It bears only after years of care and ripens unevenly over a long season, so it rewards patient, daily attention.

Song of Songs · 1
  1. Song of Songs 2:13 הַתְּאֵנָה֙ the fig tree

    The fig tree ripens its figs; the blossoming vines spread their fragrance. Arise, come away, my darling; come away with me, my beautiful one.”

Isaiah · 3
  1. Isaiah 34:4 מִתְּאֵנָֽה׃ from a fig tree

    All the stars of heaven will be dissolved. The skies will be rolled up like a scroll, and all their stars will fall like withered leaves from the vine, like foliage from the fig tree.

    Here: 'From a fig tree.' Vine and fig tree together stood for peace and plenty ('each under his vine and fig tree', Micah 4:4). Here they are pictured at their dead end of season.

  2. Isaiah 36:16 תְּאֵנָת֔וֹ own fig tree his

    Do not listen to Hezekiah, for this is what the king of Assyria says: Make peace with me and come out to me. Then every one of you will eat from his own vine and his own fig tree, and drink water from his own cistern,

  3. Isaiah 38:21 תְּאֵנִ֑ים figs

    Now Isaiah had said, “Prepare a lump of pressed figs and apply it to the boil, and he will recover.”

Jeremiah · 12
  1. Jeremiah 5:17 וּתְאֵנָתֶ֑ךָ and fig tree[s] your

    They will devour your harvest and food; they will consume your sons and daughters; they will eat up your flocks and herds; they will feed on your vines and fig trees. With the sword they will destroy the fortified cities in which you trust.”

    Here: Your fig tree. 'Vine and fig tree' was Israel's stock picture of settled peace and prosperity (1 Kgs 4:25; Mic 4:4), and here that picture is being eaten up.

  2. Jeremiah 8:13 תְּאֵנִ֣ים בַּתְּאֵנָ֗ה [will be] figs, on the fig tree

    I will take away their harvest, declares the LORD. There will be no grapes on the vine, nor figs on the tree, and even the leaf will wither. Whatever I have given them will be lost to them.”

  3. Jeremiah 24:1 תְאֵנִ֔ים figs

    After Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had carried away Jeconiah son of Jehoiakim king of Judah, as well as the officials of Judah and the craftsmen and metalsmiths from Jerusalem, and had brought them to Babylon, the LORD showed me two baskets of figs placed in front of the temple of the LORD.

    Here: 'Figs.' Figs were one of the staple fruits of the land (Deut 8:8), and the prophets often used them as a picture of Israel (Hos 9:10; Mic 7:1).

  4. Jeremiah 24:2 תְּאֵנִים֙ כִּתְאֵנֵ֖י תְּאֵנִים֙ [was] figs, like [the] figs of

    One basket had very good figs, like those that ripen early, but the other basket contained very poor figs, so bad they could not be eaten.

  5. Jeremiah 24:3 תְּאֵנִ֑ים הַתְּאֵנִ֤ים figs, the figs

    “Jeremiah,” the LORD asked, “what do you see?” “Figs!” I replied. “The good figs are very good, but the bad figs are very bad, so bad they cannot be eaten.”

  6. Jeremiah 24:5 כַּתְּאֵנִ֥ים like the figs

    “This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: ‘Like these good figs, so I regard as good the exiles from Judah, whom I have sent away from this place to the land of the Chaldeans.

    Here: 'Like the figs': the comparison points straight back at the basket of first-ripe figs Jeremiah has just seen in front of the temple (24:1–3).

  7. Jeremiah 24:8 וְכַתְּאֵנִים֙ and like the figs

    But like the bad figs, so bad they cannot be eaten,’ says the LORD, ‘so will I deal with Zedekiah king of Judah, his officials, and the remnant of Jerusalem—those remaining in this land and those living in the land of Egypt.

    Here: Opens the second half of the vision's interpretation, matching v. 5 ("like these good figs"). The little prefix "like" sets up a comparison that is only completed by "so" (kēn) later in the verse.

  8. Jeremiah 29:17 כַּתְּאֵנִים֙ like <the> figs

    this is what the LORD of Hosts says: “I will send against them sword and famine and plague, and I will make them like rotten figs, so bad they cannot be eaten.

Hosea · 2
  1. Hosea 2:12 וּתְאֵ֣נָתָ֔הּ and fig tree[s] her

    I will destroy her vines and fig trees, which she thinks are the wages paid by her lovers. So I will make them into a thicket, and the beasts of the field will devour them.

  2. Hosea 9:10 בִתְאֵנָה֙ on a fig tree

    I found Israel like grapes in the wilderness. I saw your fathers as the firstfruits of the fig tree in its first season. But they went to Baal-peor, and consecrated themselves to Shame; so they became as detestable as the thing they loved.

    Here: The fig tree, a common sign of settled life and blessing in Israel ('each under his vine and fig tree').

Joel · 3
  1. Joel 1:7 וּתְאֵנָתִ֖י and fig tree[s] my

    It has laid waste My grapevine and splintered My fig tree. It has stripped off the bark and thrown it away; the branches have turned white.

  2. Joel 1:12 וְהַתְּאֵנָ֖ה and the fig tree

    The grapevine is dried up, and the fig tree is withered; the pomegranate, palm, and apple—all the trees of the orchard—are withered. Surely the joy of mankind has dried up.

    Here: The fig, the vine's regular partner. Together the two stood for peace and security in the saying about each family sitting under its own vine and fig tree (1 Kings 4:25; Micah 4:4), so naming them first attacks that picture.

  3. Joel 2:22 תְּאֵנָ֥ה [the] fig tree

    Do not be afraid, O beasts of the field, for the open pastures have turned green, the trees bear their fruit, and the fig tree and vine yield their best.

    Here: The fig tree was one of Israel's two signature fruit crops. In 1:7 God laments, 'it has splintered my fig tree', and in 1:12 'the fig tree fails.'

Amos · 1
  1. Amos 4:9 וּתְאֵנֵיכֶ֥ם and fig trees your

    “I struck you with blight and mildew in your growing gardens and vineyards; the locust devoured your fig and olive trees, yet you did not return to Me,” declares the LORD.

    Here: A staple tree crop. 'Each under his vine and fig tree' was Israel's picture of settled, blessed life (1 Kgs 4:25; Mic 4:4).

Micah · 1
  1. Micah 4:4 תְּאֵנָת֖וֹ own fig tree his

    And each man will sit under his own vine and under his own fig tree, with no one to frighten him. For the mouth of the LORD of Hosts has spoken.

    Here: "His fig tree." A broad, shady tree often growing by the house. Together with the vine it stands for the whole of a family's long-term livelihood.

Nahum · 1
  1. Nahum 3:12 תְּאֵנִ֖ים [are] fig trees

    All your fortresses are fig trees with the first ripe figs; when shaken, they fall into the mouth of the eater!

Habakkuk · 1
  1. Habakkuk 3:17 תְאֵנָ֣ה [the] fig tree

    Though the fig tree does not bud and no fruit is on the vines, though the olive crop fails and the fields produce no food, though the sheep are cut off from the fold and no cattle are in the stalls,

    Here: The fig tree. With the vine, it was the stock picture of a family living safely on its own land ('each under his vine and fig tree'). It comes first, so the first thing to go is that picture of security.

Haggai · 1
  1. Haggai 2:19 וְהַתְּאֵנָ֧ה and the fig tree

    Is there still seed in the barn? The vine, the fig, the pomegranate, and the olive tree have not yet yielded fruit. But from this day on, I will bless you.”

    Here: The fig tree, a basic food source. 'Each under his vine and fig tree' was the proverbial picture of settled peace.

Zechariah · 1
  1. Zechariah 3:10 תְּאֵנָֽה׃ a fig tree

    On that day, declares the LORD of Hosts, you will each invite your neighbor to sit under your own vine and fig tree.’”

    Here: The fig tree. Paired with the vine, it is shorthand for settled, prosperous, safe life on the land. Like the vine, it has no possessive here.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.