Hebrew word · H857

אָתָה

'atah

to come

From atah, 'to come', a poetic and Aramaic-flavoured word. As a noun it means 'the things that are coming', that is, future events.

Appears 21 times in 20 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

1) to come, arrive

1a) (Qal) to come (of men, time, beasts, calamity)

1b) (Hiphil) to bring

Aramaic equivalent: a.tah (אֲתָה "to come" H0858)

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Isaiah 44:7

Range of meaning

From atah, 'to come', a poetic and Aramaic-flavoured word. As a noun it means 'the things that are coming', that is, future events.

Against the English

'Things to come' is accurate.

Used elsewhere in the period

Isaiah 41:23 ('tell the things to come hereafter'); 45:11. Elsewhere atah is mostly found in poetry (Deuteronomy 33:2; Job 37:22) and in Aramaic.

From the study of Isaiah 45:11

Range of meaning

To come, arrive. A rarer, mostly poetic verb (a cousin of the common Aramaic word for 'come'). Its feminine plural participle, ha-ʾotiyyot, means 'the things that are coming', i.e. future events.

Against the English

'Things to come' (KJV, BSB, WEB) is fine as wording, but modern ears tend to hear end-times prophecy.

How it drifted

Since the 19th century, 'things to come' has been the stock phrase for prophecy of the end times.

Used elsewhere in the period

Isa 41:23 ('declare the coming things hereafter'), 44:7 ('the coming things, and what will happen, let them declare'). In the trial speeches of Isa 40–48 the ability to announce 'the coming things' is the proof of true deity.

From the study of Isaiah 56:9

Range of meaning

'To come,' a poetic word used alongside the ordinary verb bôʾ. It belongs to elevated speech and is close to Aramaic ʾătā. The form ʾētāyû keeps a y from the root, which is unusual and archaic.

Against the English

Every version renders it 'come.' What English cannot show is how rare and poetic the word is, or that it echoes the same word in v.12.

Used elsewhere in the period

Isa 21:12 (ʾētāyû, 'come back again'). Related forms: Isa 21:14 hētāyû ('bring'), Jer 12:9 hētāyû ('bring them to devour'), a striking parallel to this verse. It also appears in Isa 56:12, ʾētāyû ʾeqḥâ-yayin, 'Come, let me get wine.' The Septuagint has deute, 'come!'.

Where it appears

Deuteronomy · 2
  1. Deuteronomy 33:2 וְאָתָ֖ה and he came

    He said: “The LORD came from Sinai and dawned upon us from Seir; He shone forth from Mount Paran and came with myriads of holy ones, with flaming fire at His right hand.

    Here: A rare poetic word for 'come', found mostly in poetry (Isa 21:12; Deut 33:21). Its elevated tone fits a royal arrival. (The supplied tag 'Vqq3ms' is an unusual code; the form is an ordinary completed-action form, like 'came' above.)

  2. Deuteronomy 33:21 וַיֵּתֵא֙ and he came

    He chose the best land for himself, because a ruler’s portion was reserved for him there. He came with the leaders of the people; he administered the LORD’s justice and His ordinances for Israel.”

Job · 4
  1. Job 3:25 וַיֶּאֱתָיֵ֑נִי and it came to me

    For the thing I feared has overtaken me, and what I dreaded has befallen me.

  2. Job 16:22 יֶאֱתָ֑יוּ they will come

    For when only a few years are past I will go the way of no return.

  3. Job 30:14 יֶאֱתָ֑יוּ they come

    They advance as through a wide breach; through the ruins they keep rolling in.

  4. Job 37:22 יֶֽאֱתֶ֑ה it comes

    Out of the north He comes in golden splendor; awesome majesty surrounds Him.

    Here: A rare, poetic verb for "come" (the everyday Hebrew verb is bôʾ). It is used for God's coming in Deuteronomy 33:2. The form describes something that habitually comes or is now coming. The main pause in the verse falls on this word.

Psalms · 1
  1. Psalm 68:31 יֶאֱתָ֣יוּ they will come

    Envoys will arrive from Egypt; Cush will stretch out her hands to God.

    Here: A poetic, somewhat archaic word for 'come' (the everyday prose word is bo'). The form can be read as a plain future ('they will come') or as a wish ('let them come'); the surrounding verses are full of commands to God and the nations ('rebuke', 'scatter', 'sing'), so a wish fits well, but both readings picture foreign delegations arriving at God's sanctuary.

Proverbs · 1
  1. Proverbs 1:27 יֶאֱתֶ֑ה it will arrive

    when your dread comes like a storm, and your destruction like a whirlwind, when distress and anguish overwhelm you.

    Here: A rarer, poetic verb for 'come', used instead of repeating bo. It carries a tone of something approaching that can't be held off. It is the only finite verb in the verse.

Isaiah · 10
  1. Isaiah 21:12 אָתָ֥ה אֵתָֽיוּ׃ ס it will come, come

    The watchman replies, “Morning has come, but also the night. If you would inquire, then inquire. Come back yet again.”

  2. Isaiah 21:14 הֵתָ֣יוּ bring

    Bring water for the thirsty, O dwellers of Tema; meet the refugees with food.

  3. Isaiah 41:5 וַיֶּאֱתָיֽוּן׃ and they have come !

    The islands see and fear; the ends of the earth tremble. They approach and come forward.

    Here: "And they came on." A rare poetic verb for "come" (it is the ordinary word in Aramaic), with an extra final -n that gives weight and finality. The verse ends on the image of crowds converging.

  4. Isaiah 41:23 הָאֹתִיּ֣וֹת the [things] coming

    Tell us the things that are to come, so that we may know that you are gods. Yes, do something good or evil, that we may look on together in dismay.

  5. Isaiah 41:25 וַיַּ֔את and he has come

    I have raised up one from the north, and he has come—one from the east who calls on My name. He will march over rulers as if they were mortar, like a potter who treads the clay.

    Here: 'And he came.' This is a rare, poetic verb for 'come', related to Aramaic. Its form narrates the arrival as a fact that follows directly from God's rousing.

  6. Isaiah 44:7 וְאֹתִיּ֛וֹת and [the] coming [things]

    Who then is like Me? Let him say so! Let him declare his case before Me, since I established an ancient people. Let him foretell the things to come, and what is to take place.

    Here: 'And the coming things.' This is a rare, poetic word for 'come', closer to Aramaic usage, made into a noun: 'the things on their way'. Isaiah 41:23 uses the same word for the future that the idols cannot announce.

  7. Isaiah 45:11 הָאֹתִיּ֣וֹת the coming [things]

    Thus says the LORD, the Holy One of Israel, and its Maker: “Concerning things to come, do you question Me about My sons, or instruct Me in the work of My hands?

    Here: 'The coming things': a poetic participle for the events about to unfold, above all Cyrus's rise and the release of the exiles. Isaiah uses the same phrase when he challenges the idols to predict the future (41:23; 44:7). The Hebrew word order puts it first for emphasis: 'The things to come, ask me about them?'

  8. Isaiah 56:9 אֵתָ֕יוּ come

    Come, all you beasts of the field; eat greedily, all you beasts of the forest.

    Here: A rare, poetic plural command, 'Come!' The same word comes back in v.12, where the drunken leaders call each other: 'Come, let me get wine.' God's call to the beasts and the leaders' call to their drinking party frame the whole unit.

  9. Isaiah 56:12 אֵתָ֥יוּ come

    “Come, let me get the wine, let us imbibe the strong drink, and tomorrow will be like today, only far better!”

    Here: A plural command, 'Come, all of you!' The verb is a poetic, slightly elevated word for 'come'. The exact same form opened verse 9, where God summoned wild beasts to come and devour; here the leaders use it to summon one another to a drinking party.

Jeremiah · 2
  1. Jeremiah 3:22 אָתָ֣נוּ we have come

    “Return, O faithless children, and I will heal your faithlessness.” “Here we are. We come to You, for You are the LORD our God.

    Here: 'We have come.' This is a rare, poetic verb for 'come' (common in Aramaic, rare in Hebrew prose). The past-tense form presents the arrival as already done: we are here, standing in front of you.

  2. Jeremiah 12:9 הֵתָ֥יוּ bring [them]

    Is not My inheritance to Me like a speckled bird of prey with other birds of prey circling against her? Go, gather all the beasts of the field; bring them to devour her.

Micah · 1
  1. Micah 4:8 תֵּאתֶ֑ה it will come

    And you, O watchtower of the flock, O stronghold of the Daughter of Zion—the former dominion will be restored to you; sovereignty will come to the Daughter of Jerusalem.”

    Here: A rare, elevated verb for 'come', found mostly in poetry and common in Aramaic. It is feminine and the subject has not been named yet: 'it will arrive…' This keeps the listener waiting.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.