Hebrew word · H957
בַּז
baz
plunder
Booty or plunder: what is carried off after a city or land is taken.
Appears 25 times in 25 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
spoil, booty, robbery, spoiling
Also means: bag (בַּג "spoil" H0897)
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Ezekiel 25:7
- Range of meaning
Booty or plunder: what is carried off after a city or land is taken.
- Against the English
KJV 'spoil' is accurate but old-fashioned. Modern readers may hear 'spoil' as 'ruin' or 'pamper' rather than 'loot'. YLT's 'portion' follows the written consonants (lbg) rather than the vocalised reading.
- How it drifted
In current English 'spoil' mostly means to ruin something or to over-indulge a child. The older sense, 'goods taken in war', has faded.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Baz appears in Ezek 26:5; 29:19; 34:8 and elsewhere. The written form bag may be connected with the Persian-derived pat-bag ('royal portion', Dan 1:5), which would give the sense 'allotted portion'.
From the study of Ezekiel 26:5
- Range of meaning
Plunder or booty: goods, people and animals seized by force, especially after a military victory. The related verb bāzaz means 'to plunder'.
- Against the English
'Spoil' (KJV) is now an archaic noun that modern readers can mistake for 'spoiled' or 'rotten'. 'Plunder' (BSB, ESV, WEB) is clearer.
- How it drifted
'Spoil' meaning booty has faded from everyday English. People now mainly hear the verb 'to spoil'.
- Used elsewhere in the period
It is common in Ezekiel's judgment oracles. Israel's wealth is given 'as plunder to foreigners' (7:21). Ammon is given 'as plunder to the nations' (25:7). Gog comes 'to seize spoil and carry off plunder' (38:12–13). Most pointedly, in 29:19 Egypt is given to Nebuchadnezzar as plunder in place of the wages he did not get from Tyre.
From the study of Ezekiel 34:8
- Range of meaning
Plunder, spoil, booty: what an enemy army or raiders seize. Usually found in war contexts (Num 14:3, 31; Isa 10:6; Jer 2:14).
- Against the English
"Prey" (BSB, KJV, WEB, YLT) suggests animals hunted by animals, which fits the wild-beast image. But it hides the military flavour that "plunder" (NIV, NASB) keeps.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Ezekiel uses it for nations looting Israel or Tyre (Ezek 23:46; 25:7; 26:5; 29:19). In this chapter, 34:28 promises: "they shall no more be baz to the nations, nor shall the beast of the land devour them."
Where it appears
Numbers · 3
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Numbers 14:3 לָבַ֑ז <into> plunder
Why is the LORD bringing us into this land to fall by the sword? Our wives and children will become plunder. Would it not be better for us to go back to Egypt?”
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Numbers 14:31 לָבַ֣ז <into> plunder
But I will bring your children, whom you said would become plunder, into the land you have rejected—and they will enjoy it.
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Numbers 31:32 הַבָּ֔ז the plunder
and this plunder remained from the spoils the soldiers had taken: 675,000 sheep,
Deuteronomy · 1
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Deuteronomy 1:39 לָבַ֣ז <into> plunder
And the little ones you said would become captives—your children who on that day did not know good from evil—will enter the land that I will give them, and they will possess it.
2 Kings · 1
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2 Kings 21:14 לְבַ֛ז <into> spoil
So I will forsake the remnant of My inheritance and deliver them into the hands of their enemies. And they will become plunder and spoil to all their enemies,
Isaiah · 3
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Isaiah 10:6 בַּ֔ז spoil
I will send him against a godless nation; I will dispatch him against a people destined for My rage, to take spoils and seize plunder, and to trample them down like clay in the streets.
Here: 'Plunder,' the 'baz' of Maher-shalal-hash-baz. Its sound completes the echo of the son's name.
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Isaiah 33:23 בַֽז׃ spoil
Your ropes are slack; they cannot secure the mast or spread the sail. Then an abundance of spoils will be divided, and even the lame will carry off plunder.
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Isaiah 42:22 לָבַז֙ <into> spoil
But this is a people plundered and looted, all trapped in caves or imprisoned in dungeons. They have become plunder with no one to rescue them, and loot with no one to say, “Send them back!”
Here: “Into booty”: the people are not only robbed; they are the loot themselves. The word baz echoes Isaiah's earlier sign-name Maher-shalal-hash-baz (8:1–4, “quick to the spoil, swift to the booty”).
Jeremiah · 5
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Jeremiah 2:14 לָבַֽז׃ <into> plunder
Is Israel a slave? Was he born into slavery? Why then has he become prey?
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Jeremiah 15:13 לָבַ֥ז to plunder
Your wealth and your treasures I will give up as plunder, without charge for all your sins within all your borders.
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Jeremiah 17:3 לָבַ֣ז to plunder
O My mountain in the countryside, I will give over your wealth and all your treasures as plunder, because of the sin of your high places, within all your borders.
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Jeremiah 30:16 לָבַֽז׃ into spoil
Nevertheless, all who devour you will be devoured, and all your adversaries—every one of them—will go off into exile. Those who plundered you will be plundered, and all who raided you will be raided.
Here: 'Into spoil': the noun from the same root as 'despoilers'. The verse ends on the word 'plunder', with the predators now prey.
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Jeremiah 49:32 לָבַ֗ז <into> spoil
Their camels will become plunder, and their large herds will be spoil. I will scatter to the wind in every direction those who shave their temples; I will bring calamity on them from all sides,” declares the LORD.
Ezekiel · 12
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Ezekiel 7:21 לָבַ֔ז to spoil
And I will hand these things over as plunder to foreigners and loot to the wicked of the earth, who will defile them.
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Ezekiel 23:46 וְלָבַֽז׃ and to spoil
This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Bring a mob against them and consign them to terror and plunder.
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Ezekiel 25:7 לְבַז֙ as spoil
therefore I will indeed stretch out My hand against you and give you as plunder to the nations. I will cut you off from the peoples and exterminate you from the countries. I will destroy you, and you will know that I am the LORD.’
Here: 'As booty.' The written consonants read *lbg*, and the reading tradition corrects this to *lᵉvaz*, 'as plunder'. Either way, Ammon becomes the prize that other nations carry away. This is a fitting reversal for a people who gloated over plundered Judah.
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Ezekiel 26:5 לְבַ֖ז <into> spoil
She will become a place to spread nets in the sea, for I have spoken, declares the Lord GOD. She will become plunder for the nations,
Here: 'Into plunder', meaning goods seized by force as war booty. It is a pointed reversal for a merchant city that hoped to profit from Jerusalem's fall (v. 2).
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Ezekiel 29:19 בִּזָּ֔הּ spoil its
Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: I will give the land of Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, who will carry off its wealth, seize its spoil, and remove its plunder. This will be the wages for his army.
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Ezekiel 34:8 לָבַ֡ז <into> prey
‘As surely as I live, declares the Lord GOD, because My flock lacks a shepherd and has become prey and food for every wild beast, and because My shepherds did not search for My flock but fed themselves instead,
Here: "Into plunder." This is a word from warfare for goods carried off by raiders and armies. The flock has become loot for others to take.
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Ezekiel 34:22 לָבַ֑ז <into> prey
I will save My flock, and they will no longer be prey. I will judge between one sheep and another.
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Ezekiel 34:28 בַּז֙ spoil
They will no longer be prey for the nations, and the beasts of the earth will not consume them. They will dwell securely, and no one will frighten them.
Here: Whatever is grabbed in a raid or war: livestock, goods, captives. It repeats 34:8 and 34:22 word for word ('my sheep became plunder'), so the sheep picture and the war picture meet in this one word.
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Ezekiel 36:4 לְבַז֙ <into> spoil
therefore, O mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Lord GOD. This is what the Lord GOD says to the mountains and hills, to the ravines and valleys, to the desolate ruins and abandoned cities, which have become a spoil and a mockery to the rest of the nations around you.
Here: Booty that anyone can grab. The land has been treated as unguarded loot by its neighbours.
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Ezekiel 36:5 לָבַֽז׃ [becomes] <into> spoil
Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: Surely in My burning zeal I have spoken against the rest of the nations, and against all Edom, who took My land as their own possession with wholehearted joy and utter contempt, so that its pastureland became plunder.
Here: 'For plunder'. This repeats v. 4, where the land 'became a spoil'. The land was treated as loot, not as a home.
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Ezekiel 38:12 בַּ֑ז spoil
in order to seize the spoil and carry off the plunder, to turn a hand against the desolate places now inhabited and against a people gathered from the nations, who have acquired livestock and possessions and who live at the center of the land.’
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Ezekiel 38:13 בַּ֖ז spoil
Sheba and Dedan and the merchants of Tarshish with all its villages will ask, ‘Have you come to capture the plunder? Have you assembled your hordes to carry away loot, to make off with silver and gold, to take cattle and goods, to seize great spoil?’
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.