Hebrew word · H970
בָּחוּר
bachur
youth
A young man in his prime: mature, strong, unmarried or marriageable. It is often paired with 'maidens' (bətûlôt) or set against 'old men' (zəqēnîm). The root and its link to 'choose' (bāḥar) are debated. Lexicons such as HALOT treat it as a separate word meaning 'young man'.
Appears 44 times in 43 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
youth, young man
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
A young man in his prime: mature, strong, unmarried or marriageable. It is often paired with 'maidens' (bətûlôt) or set against 'old men' (zəqēnîm). The root and its link to 'choose' (bāḥar) are debated. Lexicons such as HALOT treat it as a separate word meaning 'young man'.
- Against the English
BSB 'the younger men' adds a comparison not in the Hebrew, but it brings out the implied contrast with Boaz well. Other versions have 'young men'.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Prov 20:29 ('the glory of young men is their strength, the splendour of old men is grey hair'). Jer 31:13. Lam 1:15. Isa 62:5 ('as a young man marries a virgin').
From the study of Proverbs 20:29
- Range of meaning
A young man in his prime, unmarried or newly married. It is especially used of men of fighting age (e.g. 2 Sam 6:1, where 'chosen men' come from the related verb). It is often paired with betulah, 'young woman', to mean 'the young people' of a population (Deut 32:25; Lam 1:18). Lexicons such as BDB put it under the root b-ḥ-r, 'choose', meaning a choice man in his prime. Some scholars suggest it comes from a separate root meaning 'be young or mature'.
- Against the English
'Young men' is accurate. It is not 'youths' in the modern teenage sense. These are the grown, strong men of a community.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Isaiah 40:30–31 contrasts weary bachurim with those who wait on the LORD. Jeremiah and Lamentations list the bachurim among those killed in war. Ruth 3:10 mentions 'the young men, poor or rich'.
- Range of meaning
A young man who is fully grown, physically at his peak, usually unmarried, and of fighting age. It is often paired with betulah ('young woman') or set against zaqen ('old man'). It may be related to the root b-ch-r, 'choose, test,' which would give the sense 'picked or proven men,' but HALOT and others treat that link as uncertain.
- Against the English
'Young men' is right but sounds bland. The Hebrew suggests strength and promise, the best of a generation. YLT's 'choice ones' leans on the possible 'choose' connection and goes further than the evidence safely allows.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Prov 20:29: 'the glory of bachurim is their strength.' Amos uses the word again for young men killed in war (4:10) and fainting from thirst (8:13). It is often military: 'chosen men' in battle accounts (Judg 20:15; 1 Sam 24:2 uses a related form).
Similar words
Where it appears
Deuteronomy · 1
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Deuteronomy 32:25 בָּחוּר֙ young man
Outside, the sword will take their children, and inside, terror will strike the young man and the young woman, the infant and the gray-haired man.
Judges · 1
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Judges 14:10 הַבַּחוּרִֽים׃ the young men
Then his father went to visit the woman, and Samson prepared a feast there, as was customary for the bridegroom.
Ruth · 1
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Ruth 3:10 הַבַּ֣חוּרִ֔ים the young men
Then Boaz said, “May the LORD bless you, my daughter. You have shown more kindness now than before, because you have not run after the younger men, whether rich or poor.
Here: Young men in their prime: unmarried, strong, marriageable. The word sets them against Boaz, who is plainly older. Ruth could have looked to her own age group and did not.
1 Samuel · 2
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1 Samuel 8:16 בַּחוּרֵיכֶ֧ם young men your
And he will take your menservants and maidservants and your best cattle and donkeys and put them to his own use.
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1 Samuel 9:2 בָּח֣וּר a young man
And he had a son named Saul, choice and handsome, without equal among the Israelites—a head taller than any of the people.
2 Kings · 1
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2 Kings 8:12 וּבַחֻֽרֵיהֶם֙ and young men their
“Why is my lord weeping?” asked Hazael. “Because I know the evil you will do to the Israelites,” Elisha replied. “You will set fire to their fortresses, kill their young men with the sword, dash their little ones to pieces, and rip open their pregnant women.”
Here: Young men in their physical prime, the age group that did the fighting. Losing them meant losing an army and the coming generation of fathers.
2 Chronicles · 2
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2 Chronicles 36:17 בַּחוּרֵיהֶ֤ם בָּח֥וּר young men their, young man
So He brought up against them the king of the Chaldeans, who put their young men to the sword in the sanctuary, sparing neither young men nor young women, neither elderly nor infirm. God gave them all into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar,
Here: 'Their young men.' Men in their prime, the age group that fought. The fighting men were the expected first victims, but here they are cut down inside the temple.
Psalms · 3
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Psalm 78:31 וּבַחוּרֵ֖י and [the] young men of
God’s anger flared against them, and He put to death their strongest and subdued the young men of Israel.
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Psalm 78:63 בַּחוּרָ֥יו young men its
Fire consumed His young men, and their maidens were left without wedding songs.
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Psalm 148:12 בַּחוּרִ֥ים O young men
young men and maidens, old and young together.
Proverbs · 1
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Proverbs 20:29 בַּחוּרִ֣ים young men
The glory of young men is their strength, and gray hair is the splendor of the old.
Here: Men in their prime, the age group that did the heavy work and filled the fighting ranks. Not boys, but grown young men at full vigour.
Ecclesiastes · 1
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Ecclesiastes 11:9 בָּח֣וּר O young man
Rejoice, O young man, while you are young, and let your heart be glad in the days of your youth. Walk in the ways of your heart and in the sight of your eyes, but know that for all these things God will bring you to judgment.
Here: A young man in his prime: old enough to marry, work and fight, strong and full of energy. It is not a little boy. The speaker addresses him directly, the way a teacher speaks to a student.
Isaiah · 5
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Isaiah 9:17 בַּחוּרָ֜יו young men its
Therefore the Lord takes no pleasure in their young men; He has no compassion on their fatherless and widows. For every one of them is godless and wicked, and every mouth speaks folly. Despite all this, His anger is not turned away; His hand is still upraised.
Here: 'Its young men': Israel's men in their prime, of fighting age, the nation's strength and future. 'Its' refers to 'this people' (v. 16).
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Isaiah 23:4 בַּחוּרִ֖ים young men
Be ashamed, O Sidon, the stronghold of the sea, for the sea has spoken: “I have not been in labor or given birth. I have not raised young men or brought up young women.”
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Isaiah 31:8 וּבַחוּרָ֖יו and young men its
“Then Assyria will fall, but not by the sword of man; a sword will devour them, but not one made by mortals. They will flee before the sword, and their young men will be put to forced labor.
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Isaiah 40:30 וּבַחוּרִ֖ים and young men
Even youths grow tired and weary, and young men stumble and fall.
Here: Young men at full strength, the age group that fights in war and is often paired with 'young women' or set against 'old men'. It goes one step higher than the first noun: not only youths, but the best and strongest of them.
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Isaiah 62:5 בָּחוּר֙ a young man
For as a young man marries a young woman, so your sons will marry you; and as a bridegroom rejoices over his bride, so your God will rejoice over you.
Here: A young man in his prime, of age to marry and fight. The picture is a first marriage between young people, full of vigour and promise.
Jeremiah · 11
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Jeremiah 6:11 בַּחוּרִ֖ים young men
But I am full of the LORD’s wrath; I am tired of holding it back. “Pour it out on the children in the street, and on the young men gathered together. For both husband and wife will be captured, the old and the very old alike.
Here: Young men in their prime, the age that fights in war. They were the city's strength and its future.
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Jeremiah 9:21 בַּחוּרִ֖ים young men
For death has climbed in through our windows; it has entered our fortresses to cut off the children from the streets, the young men from the town squares.
Here: Young men in their prime and of fighting age, the city's strength and its future.
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Jeremiah 11:22 הַבַּֽחוּרִים֙ the young men
So this is what the LORD of Hosts says: “I will punish them. Their young men will die by the sword, their sons and daughters by famine.
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Jeremiah 15:8 בָּח֖וּר a young man
I will make their widows more numerous than the sand of the sea. I will bring a destroyer at noon against the mothers of young men. I will suddenly bring upon them anguish and dismay.
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Jeremiah 18:21 בַּח֣וּרֵיהֶ֔ם young men their
Therefore, hand their children over to famine; pour out the power of the sword upon them. Let their wives become childless and widowed; let their husbands be slain by disease, their young men struck down by the sword in battle.
Here: "Their young men": men at their strongest, of fighting age, the ones a town counted on in war.
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Jeremiah 31:13 וּבַחֻרִ֥ים and young men
Then the maidens will rejoice with dancing, young men and old as well. I will turn their mourning into joy, and give them comfort and joy for their sorrow.
Here: Young men in their prime, of fighting and marrying age. Elsewhere in Jeremiah they are the ones killed by sword and famine (Jer 11:22; 18:21). Here they are alive and celebrating.
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Jeremiah 48:15 בַּֽחוּרָ֖יו young men its
Moab has been destroyed and its towns have been invaded; the best of its young men have gone down in the slaughter, declares the King, whose name is the LORD of Hosts.
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Jeremiah 49:26 בַחוּרֶ֖יהָ young men its
For her young men will fall in the streets, and all her warriors will be silenced in that day,” declares the LORD of Hosts.
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Jeremiah 50:30 בַחוּרֶ֖יהָ young men its
Therefore, her young men will fall in the streets, and all her warriors will be silenced in that day,” declares the LORD.
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Jeremiah 51:3 בַּ֣חֻרֶ֔יהָ young men its
Do not let the archer bend his bow or put on his armor. Do not spare her young men; devote all her army to destruction!
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Jeremiah 51:22 בָּח֖וּר young man
With you I shatter man and woman; with you I shatter the old man and the youth; with you I shatter the young man and the maiden.
Lamentations · 5
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Lamentations 1:15 בַּחוּרָ֑י young men my
The Lord has rejected all the mighty men in my midst; He has summoned an army against me to crush my young warriors. Like grapes in a winepress, the Lord has trampled the Virgin Daughter of Judah.
Here: 'My young men': men of fighting age, the city's strength and future. The Greek translators heard 'chosen ones' in the word (eklektous).
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Lamentations 1:18 וּבַחוּרַ֖י and young men my
The LORD is righteous, yet I rebelled against His command. Listen, all you people; look upon my suffering. My young men and maidens have gone into captivity.
Here: 'And my young men', the strong youths of fighting age. Paired with the young women, they stand for the whole next generation.
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Lamentations 2:21 וּבַחוּרַ֖י and young men my
Both young and old lie together in the dust of the streets. My young men and maidens have fallen by the sword. You have slain them in the day of Your anger; You have slaughtered them without compassion.
Here: 'And my young men': men at full strength, of age to fight and to marry. Paired with the young women, they stand for the generation that was supposed to carry the city forward.
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Lamentations 5:13 בַּחוּרִים֙ young men
Young men toil at millstones; boys stagger under loads of wood.
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Lamentations 5:14 בַּחוּרִ֖ים young men
The elders have left the city gate; the young men have stopped their music.
Ezekiel · 5
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Ezekiel 9:6 בָּח֣וּר young man
Slaughter the old men, the young men and maidens, the women and children; but do not go near anyone who has the mark. Now begin at My sanctuary.” So they began with the elders who were before the temple.
Here: A young man in his prime, the age group that bore arms and carried a family's future. Here it is paired with the next word.
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Ezekiel 23:6 בַּח֥וּרֵי young men of
clothed in blue, governors and commanders, all desirable young men, horsemen mounted on steeds.
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Ezekiel 23:12 בַּח֥וּרֵי [were] young men of
She too lusted after the Assyrians—governors and commanders, warriors dressed in splendor, horsemen riding on steeds, all desirable young men.
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Ezekiel 23:23 בַּח֨וּרֵי young men of
the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, the men of Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them—all desirable young men, governors and commanders, officers and men of renown, mounted on horses.
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Ezekiel 30:17 בַּח֥וּרֵי [the] young men of
The young men of On and Pi-beseth will fall by the sword, and those cities will go into captivity.
Joel · 1
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Joel 2:28 בַּח֣וּרֵיכֶ֔ם young men your
And afterward, I will pour out My Spirit on all people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your old men will dream dreams, your young men will see visions.
Here: 'Your young men': men in their prime, of marriageable and fighting age. The two lines pair old with young to say every age group, not to give old and young different kinds of revelation.
Amos · 3
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Amos 2:11 וּמִבַּחוּרֵיכֶ֖ם and some of young men your
I raised up prophets from your sons and Nazirites from your young men. Is this not true, O children of Israel?” declares the LORD.
Here: Young men in their prime: fully grown, strong, of fighting age, usually not yet married. These were the men a household and a nation counted on most. God took some of them for himself.
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Amos 4:10 בַּח֣וּרֵיכֶ֔ם young men your
“I sent plagues among you like those of Egypt; I killed your young men with the sword, along with your captured horses. I filled your nostrils with the stench of your camp, yet you did not return to Me,” declares the LORD.
Here: Young men at full strength, of fighting age: the nation's soldiers and its future. YLT's 'choice ones' captures the sense of the best men.
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Amos 8:13 וְהַבַּחוּרִ֖ים and the young men
In that day the lovely young women—the young men as well—will faint from thirst.
Zechariah · 1
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Zechariah 9:17 בַּֽחוּרִ֔ים young men
How lovely they will be, and how beautiful! Grain will make the young men flourish, and new wine, the young women.
Here: Young men in their prime, strong and of fighting and marrying age. Here they are the people grain makes thrive.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.