Greek word · G1623

ἕκτος

hektos

sixth

Ordinal numbers, 'sixth' and 'ninth'. Applied to hours, they name points in the daylight day.

Appears 14 times in 14 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·

What it means

ἐκτός,

adv. [in LXX Judges 8:26 20:15, 1 Kings 10:13, al. (בַּד, Judges 5:28 (בַּד), בַּד), Song of Songs 4:1-3 (בַּד), al, ;]

1. as adv., outside, beyond: τὸ ἐ., with poss. genitive, the outside, Matthew 23:26; in late Gk. (see Deiss., BS, 118), pleonastic, ἐκτός εἰ μή, 1 Corinthians 14:5 15:2, 1 Timothy 5:19.

2. With force of prep., with genitive;

(a) outside of: 1 Corinthians 6:18, 2 Corinthians 12:2;

(b) beyond, besides, except: Acts 26:22, 1 Corinthians 15:27.†

(AS)

From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Matthew 20:5

Range of meaning

Ordinal numbers, 'sixth' and 'ninth'. Applied to hours, they name points in the daylight day.

Against the English

Literal versions (KJV, WEB, ESV, NASB) keep 'sixth' and 'ninth hour'. Readers who do not know ancient time-counting can take these as 6 and 9 o'clock. Versions such as NIV and NLT turn them into 'noon' and 'three'.

How it drifted

Same cause as for hōra: the modern way of counting clock hours.

Used elsewhere in the period

Matthew uses the same pair again in the crucifixion: darkness 'from the sixth hour until the ninth hour' (27:45–46). The third, sixth and ninth hours were the usual way of dividing the working and praying day, roughly matching the Roman division of the day into four 'watches'.

Where it appears

Matthew · 2
  1. Matthew 20:5 ἕκτην sixth

    So they went. He went out again about the sixth hour and the ninth hour and did the same thing.

    Here: The sixth hour of daylight, counted from sunrise, which is around midday.

  2. Matthew 27:45 ἕκτης [the] sixth

    From the sixth hour until the ninth hour darkness came over all the land.

    Here: The sixth hour of daylight counted from sunrise. In spring in Jerusalem that is about noon, when the sun is highest and darkness least expected.

Mark · 1
  1. Mark 15:33 ἕκτης sixth

    From the sixth hour until the ninth hour darkness came over all the land.

    Here: The sixth hour of daylight is midday, when the sun is highest and the light is brightest. That is exactly when the darkness begins.

Luke · 3
  1. Luke 1:26 ἕκτῳ sixth

    In the sixth month, God sent the angel Gabriel to a town in Galilee called Nazareth,

    Here: The sixth month of Elizabeth's pregnancy, which Gabriel himself confirms in 1:36 ('this is the sixth month for her'). It ties Mary's story into John's story on a single timeline.

  2. Luke 1:36 ἕκτος [the] sixth

    Look, even Elizabeth your relative has conceived a son in her old age, and she who was called barren is in her sixth month.

    Here: After five months of keeping herself hidden (1:24), her pregnancy would be plain to see. The sign is no longer private.

  3. Luke 23:44 ἕκτη, sixth,

    It was now about the sixth hour, and darkness came over all the land until the ninth hour.

    Here: The sixth hour after sunrise is around noon, when the sun is at its highest and brightest. That is the very moment the darkness falls.

John · 2
  1. John 4:6 ἕκτη.¶ [the] sixth.

    Since Jacob’s well was there, Jesus, weary from His journey, sat down by the well. It was about the sixth hour.

    Here: 'The sixth' hour. Counting from sunrise, the usual Jewish and everyday Greco-Roman way, this is about midday, the hottest part of the day.

  2. John 19:14 ἕκτη. [the] sixth.

    It was the day of Preparation for the Passover, about the sixth hour. And Pilate said to the Jews, “Here is your King!”

    Here: The sixth hour after sunrise, which is around midday. It is not 6 a.m. and not 6 p.m.

Acts · 1
  1. Acts 10:9 ἕκτην. [the] sixth.

    The next day at about the sixth hour, as the men were approaching the city on their journey, Peter went up on the roof to pray.

    Here: The sixth daylight hour, around midday. This explains why Peter grows hungry in v. 10: it was mealtime.

Revelation · 5
  1. Revelation 6:12 ἕκτην, sixth,

    And I watched as the Lamb opened the sixth seal, and there was a great earthquake, and the sun became black like sackcloth of goat hair, and the whole moon turned blood red,

    Here: One short of the full seven. The sixth seal brings things right to the edge of the end, and then the story pauses (chapter 7) before the seventh.

  2. Revelation 9:13 ἕκτος sixth

    Then the sixth angel sounded his trumpet, and I heard a voice from the four horns of the golden altar before God

    Here: Sixth in a series of seven. The sixth trumpet is the second of the three 'woes' announced in 8:13 and 9:12. In Revelation's sevens the sixth item usually brings the heaviest buildup before a pause and the seventh (compare the sixth seal, 6:12–17).

  3. Revelation 9:14 ἕκτῳ sixth

    saying to the sixth angel with the trumpet, “Release the four angels who are bound at the great river Euphrates.”

    Here: Sixth in the series of seven trumpets (8:2). This is the second of the three 'woes' (8:13; 9:12), and the series is building toward the seventh.

  4. Revelation 16:12 ἕκτος sixth

    And the sixth angel poured out his bowl on the great river Euphrates, and its water was dried up to prepare the way for the kings of the East.

    Here: Sixth of seven. In Revelation's series of seven, the sixth item is usually long and builds suspense before the end (compare the sixth seal, 6:12–17, and the sixth trumpet, 9:13–21, which also involves the Euphrates).

  5. Revelation 21:20 ἕκτος sixth

    the fifth sardonyx, the sixth carnelian, the seventh chrysolite, the eighth beryl, the ninth topaz, the tenth chrysoprase, the eleventh jacinth, and the twelfth amethyst.

    Here: Sixth in the series of foundation layers.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.