ἐλέγχω

Matthew 18:15 ἔλεγξον do reprove

If your brother sins against you, go and confront him privately. If he listens to you, you have won your brother over.

Here: Aorist imperative: bring the wrong into the light so that he sees it for what it is. The goal is that he recognizes it, not that you vent or win a debate. It echoes Leviticus 19:17 in the Greek Old Testament.

Luke 3:19 ἐλεγχόμενος being reproved

But when he rebuked Herod the tetrarch regarding his brother’s wife Herodias and all the evils he had done,

Here: A present passive participle meaning “being reproved.” The word means bringing someone's wrongdoing into the open and calling them to account, not just scolding. The present form shows ongoing action: the reproof was continuing, which fits Mark 6:18, where John “kept saying” it.

John 3:20 ἐλεγχθῇ may be exposed

Everyone who does evil hates the Light, and does not come into the Light for fear that his deeds will be exposed.

Here: Aorist passive subjunctive: "may be exposed and shown up". The word means to bring something into the open and prove it guilty, as in a cross-examination. The fear is of being found out and shown to be wrong, not of being scolded.

John 8:46 ἐλέγχει convicts

Which of you can prove Me guilty of sin? If I speak the truth, why do you not believe Me?

Here: To bring a charge into the open and prove it with evidence, so that the person is shown to be guilty. The present tense here works as 'is able to convict' or 'can prove': can anyone actually make a case?

John 16:8 ἐλέγξει will convict

And when He comes, He will convict the world in regard to sin and righteousness and judgment:

Here: The key verb. It means to bring the facts into the open and prove someone wrong, the way a cross-examiner does in court. It is future: the Spirit will do this after Jesus has gone.

1 Corinthians 14:24 ἐλέγχεται he is convicted

But if an unbeliever or uninstructed person comes in while everyone is prophesying, he will be convicted and called to account by all,

Here: He is shown up, brought to light and laid bare for what he is. The present tense describes what happens, vividly. Verse 25 explains it: "the secrets of his heart become manifest."

Ephesians 5:11 ἐλέγχετε· do expose [them];

Have no fellowship with the fruitless deeds of darkness, but rather expose them.

Here: Bring into the open and show for what it is, so that its wrongness is plain. The word covers both exposure and correction or conviction. No object is written in the Greek; the implied object is "the works." Present imperative: an ongoing task.

Ephesians 5:13 ἐλεγχόμενα being exposed

But everything exposed by the light becomes visible, for everything that is illuminated becomes a light itself.

Here: Present passive participle: 'being exposed'. It picks up the command of verse 11 ('rather, expose them'). The idea is bringing something into the open so that its true character, and its guilt, can be seen. It is more than scolding it.

1 Timothy 5:20 ἔλεγχε, do rebuke,

But those who persist in sin should be rebuked in front of everyone, so that the others will stand in fear of sin.

Here: A command to Timothy (second person singular) in the present tense, so it states a standing practice: 'make it your practice to expose and correct.' The verb means bringing wrongdoing into the light and showing it to be wrong. It is more than scolding.

2 Timothy 4:2 ἔλεγξον, do convict,

Preach the word; be prepared in season and out of season; reprove, rebuke, and encourage with every form of patient instruction.

Here: Bring something wrong into the light and show it for what it is, so that the person sees it. It echoes 'reproof' (elegmos) among the uses of Scripture listed in 3:16.

Titus 1:9 ἐλέγχειν.¶ to convict.

He must hold firmly to the faithful word as it was taught, so that he can encourage others by sound teaching and refute those who contradict it.

Here: To bring the error into the open and show it to be wrong, aiming at correction. In v. 13 the purpose is 'that they may be healthy in the faith'. It is placed last in the sentence for emphasis.

Titus 1:13 ἔλεγχε do rebuke

This testimony is true. Therefore rebuke them sternly, so that they will be sound in the faith

Here: A command in the present tense, so it means keep doing it: go on bringing their error into the open and showing them to be in the wrong. This repeats the elder's task in 1:9 ('to refute those who contradict').

Titus 2:15 ἔλεγχε do rebuke

Speak these things as you encourage and rebuke with all authority. Let no one despise you.

Here: To bring something wrong into the open and show that it is wrong, so the person stands corrected. This is the corrective side, and it points back to the opponents in 1:9 and 1:13.

Hebrews 12:5 ἐλεγχόμενος. being reproved.

And you have forgotten the exhortation that addresses you as sons: “My son, do not take lightly the discipline of the Lord, and do not lose heart when He rebukes you.

Here: "While being reproved": a passive participle describing an ongoing experience. The word means bringing something into the light so it can be set right. It is correction aimed at improvement, not a sentence handed down.

James 2:9 ἐλεγχόμενοι being convicted

But if you show favoritism, you sin and are convicted by the law as transgressors.

Here: A courtroom word: being shown up and proven guilty. Present passive participle: the law is, even now, standing as the witness that exposes them.

Jude 1:15 ἐλέγξαι to convict

to execute judgment on everyone, and to convict all the ungodly of every ungodly act of wickedness and every harsh word spoken against Him by ungodly sinners.”

Here: "To prove guilty" by bringing the facts to light. This is courtroom conviction, the case laid out so that the guilt cannot be denied. It does not mean persuading someone.

Revelation 3:19 ἐλέγχω I rebuke

Those I love I rebuke and discipline. Therefore be earnest and repent.

Here: To bring wrongdoing into the light and show it for what it is. The letter itself is this exposure: Laodicea is told it is 'wretched, pitiful, poor, blind and naked' (3:17).