Greek word · G2344
θησαυρός
thēsauros
treasure
A store of valuables, a treasure; also the place where valuables are kept (treasury, strongroom, chest). Used figuratively for whatever a person values most or has 'stored up.'
Appears 17 times in 16 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·
What it means
θησαυρός, -οῦ, ὁ
(τίθημι), [in LXX chiefly for אוֹצָר ;]
1. a place of safe keeping;
(a) a casket: Matthew 2:11;
(b) a treasury (1Ma.3:29 and frequently in cl.);
(with) a storehouse (Nehemiah 13:12, Deuteronomy 28:12, al.): Matthew 13:52; metaphorically, of the soul, Matthew 12:35; τ. καρδίας, Luke 6:45
2. a treasure: Matthew 6:18-21 13:44, Luke 12:33-34, Hebrews 11:26; θ. ἐν οὐρανῷ (see Dalman, Words, 206 ff.), Matthew 19:21, Mark 10:21, Luke 18:22; of the knowledge of God through Christ, 2 Corinthians 4:7; τ. σοφίας κ. γνώσεως, Colossians 2:3.†
(AS)
From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Matthew 13:44
- Range of meaning
A store of valuables, a treasure; also the place where valuables are kept (treasury, strongroom, chest). Used figuratively for whatever a person values most or has 'stored up.'
- Against the English
English 'treasure' is accurate. What readers may miss is how ordinary buried treasure was in Jesus' world, and how much Matthew does with this word.
- Used elsewhere in the period
LXX Prov 2:4: seek wisdom 'like treasures' (thēsaurous). Matthew 6:19–21 ('where your treasure is, there your heart will be'), 12:35, 13:52 (the scribe trained for the kingdom brings out of his thēsauros new and old), and 19:21 ('sell your possessions… and you will have treasure in heaven'). The Dead Sea Copper Scroll (3Q15) is a list of buried treasure hoards. Josephus (Jewish War 7.114–115) reports Romans digging up valuables that Jews had buried during the war.
From the study of Matthew 6:21
- Range of meaning
(1) A storehouse, treasury, strongroom or granary. (2) The valuables kept in one: stored grain, fine clothing, silver, coins. (3) By extension, any store a person draws from ("out of the good treasure of his heart", Matt 12:35). Its root idea is wealth put away for later.
- Against the English
"Treasure" is an accurate translation, but modern English often uses it loosely for 'whatever you hold dear' ("what you treasure"). That makes the verse sound circular: what you love is where your love is. In Greek it is concrete stored wealth, and in this passage it echoes the verb "store up" (thēsaurizete) twice. The point is about what you accumulate and where you keep it.
- How it drifted
The English word has picked up a broad sentimental meaning ('a treasured memory'). That meaning can creep into this verse and replace the literal, economic picture.
- Used elsewhere in the period
In the LXX it translates Hebrew ʾôṣār, storehouse or treasury: God opens "his good treasury, the heavens" to send rain (Deut 28:12). In Greek papyri from Egypt, thēsauros is the everyday word for a granary or state storehouse. Matthew uses it for the magi's treasure-chests (2:11), for treasure buried in a field (13:44), and for a householder's store of old and new things (13:52). Jewish writings close to Jesus' time speak of storing up treasure with God through giving to the poor: Tobit 4:8–9; Sirach 29:10–12 ("lay up your treasure according to the commandments of the Most High... store up almsgiving"); Psalms of Solomon 9:5. A later rabbinic story (Tosefta Peah 4:18) has King Monobaz saying, "My fathers stored up treasures below; I have stored up treasures above."
From the study of Sirach 29:11
- Range of meaning
Both the place where valuables are stored (storehouse, treasury, strongbox) and the valuables themselves (stored wealth, a hoard). The idea is always wealth held in reserve, not money being spent.
- Against the English
'Treasure' in modern English often suggests something rare, sentimental or romantic, like pirate treasure or 'my treasure'. Here it is closer to 'your savings' or 'your reserves'.
- How it drifted
Not a large drift in the word itself. The bigger risk is that English readers hear Jesus' 'treasure in heaven' (Matt 6:20) and assume Ben Sira means the same thing, with an afterlife reward.
- Used elsewhere in the period
In the Septuagint (the Greek Old Testament) it translates Hebrew ʾôṣār, 'storehouse/treasury' (e.g., the temple and royal treasuries; Prov 10:2 'treasures of wickedness do not profit'). Tobit 4:9 speaks of almsgiving as 'laying up a good treasure (θέμα) for the day of necessity'. In the New Testament: Matt 6:19–21; 13:44 (treasure hidden in a field); Luke 12:33–34; 18:22.
Similar words
Where it appears
Matthew · 9
-
Matthew 2:11 θησαυροὺς treasures
On coming to the house, they saw the Child with His mother Mary, and they fell down and worshiped Him. Then they opened their treasures and presented Him with gifts of gold and frankincense and myrrh.
Here: Here the containers more than the contents: chests, caskets or coffers holding valuables. Opening them is part of the ceremony.
-
Matthew 6:19 θησαυροὺς treasures
Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust destroy, and where thieves break in and steal.
Here: Stored valuables: cloth, coins, precious metal, grain. Together with the verb it makes a ringing echo, 'do not treasure up treasures'.
-
Matthew 6:20 θησαυροὺς treasures
But store up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where moth and rust do not destroy, and where thieves do not break in and steal.
Here: Stored wealth: savings set aside for the future. Verb and noun share a root, 'treasure up treasures', which drives the point home by repeating it.
-
Matthew 6:21 θησαυρός treasure
For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.
Here: Wealth that has been put away and stored: grain, cloth, coins, valuables. It is the noun form of the verb "store up" (thēsaurizō) in verses 19–20, so it means accumulated, kept wealth, not just 'something precious'.
-
Matthew 12:35 θησαυροῦ θησαυροῦ treasure
The good man brings good things out of his good store of treasure, and the evil man brings evil things out of his evil store of treasure.
Here: The store or storeroom where a householder keeps his goods. From verse 34 it is clearly the heart, the inner person. It is a stockpile that can hold bad things as easily as good, not 'something precious'.
-
Matthew 13:44 θησαυρῷ to treasure
The kingdom of heaven is like treasure hidden in a field. When a man found it, he hid it again, and in his joy he went and sold all he had and bought that field.
Here: A stash of valuables such as coins, jewellery or precious vessels, the kind of thing people buried for safekeeping. It also echoes Matthew's repeated language of 'treasure' as what a person's heart is really set on (6:21; 19:21).
-
Matthew 13:52 θησαυροῦ treasure
Then He told them, “For this reason, every scribe who has been discipled in the kingdom of heaven is like a homeowner who brings out of his storeroom new treasures as well as old.”
Here: The storehouse or strongroom where a household kept its valuables, and also the valuables in it. It echoes the 'treasure hidden in a field' (13:44), which a few verses earlier stood for the kingdom itself.
-
Matthew 19:21 θησαυρὸν treasure
Jesus told him, “If you want to be perfect, go, sell your possessions and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow Me.”
Here: A store of wealth or the place it is kept. Jewish writings already spoke of almsgiving as "storing up treasure" with God. Jesus offers a swap: earthly holdings for wealth that God keeps safe (compare 6:19–21).
Mark · 1
-
Mark 10:21 θησαυρὸν treasure
Jesus looked at him, loved him, and said to him, “There is one thing you lack: Go, sell everything you own and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow Me.”
Here: A stored-up store of wealth. Jesus uses the language of riches to describe what the man will gain: he does not end up poor, he moves his wealth.
Luke · 4
-
Luke 6:45 θησαυροῦ treasure
The good man brings good things out of the good treasure of his heart, and the evil man brings evil things out of the evil treasure of his heart. For out of the overflow of the heart the mouth speaks.
Here: The place where things are kept, or the stock kept there, not 'precious valuables'. The heart is pictured as a storeroom, and in the next clause it can hold evil just as well.
-
Luke 12:33 θησαυρὸν a treasure
Sell your possessions and give to the poor. Provide yourselves with purses that will not wear out, an inexhaustible treasure in heaven, where no thief approaches and no moth destroys.
Here: Stored wealth, or the place it is kept. It stands in apposition to the bags, restating them: the purses are a treasure kept with God.
-
Luke 12:34 θησαυρὸς treasure
For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.
Here: Stored-up wealth, or the chest or storeroom where it is kept. In this chapter it means real goods: the rich fool's barns (vv. 16–21) and the possessions to be sold (v. 33).
-
Luke 18:22 θησαυρὸν treasure
On hearing this, Jesus told him, “You still lack one thing: Sell everything you own and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow Me.”
Here: A store of wealth. It is a well-known Jewish image: giving to the poor stores up wealth with God.
2 Corinthians · 1
-
2 Corinthians 4:7 θησαυρὸν treasure
Now we have this treasure in jars of clay to show that this surpassingly great power is from God and not from us.
Here: Something of great value, kept and guarded. Here it is the light of the knowledge of God's glory in the face of Jesus Christ (v. 6), the gospel entrusted to Paul's ministry (4:1–6).
Colossians · 1
-
Colossians 2:3 θησαυροὶ treasures
in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge.
Here: The word means both the valuables and the place they are stored, such as a chest, a strongroom or a temple treasury. The plural suggests a whole stock of riches, picking up 'all the riches' in 2:2.
Hebrews · 1
-
Hebrews 11:26 θησαυρῶν treasures
He valued disgrace for Christ above the treasures of Egypt, for he was looking ahead to his reward.
Here: Plural: stored-up treasures, the contents of royal treasuries. This was the inheritance open to an adopted member of Pharaoh's household.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.