λυπέω

Matthew 14:9 λυπηθεὶς being grieved

The king was grieved, but because of his oaths and his guests, he ordered that her wish be granted

Here: 'Having become pained' or 'distressed'. The form is passive: something has happened to him and caught him off guard. It names his inner state (pain, dismay) but does not say that he repented.

Matthew 17:23 ἐλυπήθησαν they were grieved

They will kill Him, and on the third day He will be raised to life.” And the disciples were deeply grieved.

Here: 'They were grieved,' a real sorrow and inner pain at hearing it. The form is technically passive, but it is read as 'they became distressed.' It shows they understood that he would die, which is more than Mark and Luke say they understood.

Matthew 18:31 ἐλυπήθησαν they were grieved

When his fellow servants saw what had happened, they were greatly distressed, and they went and recounted all of this to their master.

Here: They were pained and distressed. This is grief and sorrow at something wrong, not an apology. The same form is used of the disciples in Matthew 17:23 when Jesus foretells his death.

Matthew 19:22 λυπούμενος· grieving;

When the young man heard this, he went away in sorrow, because he had great wealth.

Here: "Grieving." The present participle (an -ing form) shows the grief going on as he walks off. This is real pain, not mild disappointment. Matthew uses the same verb for Jesus in Gethsemane (26:37).

Matthew 26:22 λυπούμενοι being grieved

They were deeply grieved and began to ask Him one after another, “Surely not I, Lord?”

Here: "Being grieved/distressed." The present participle describes a continuing state: they ask their questions while they are upset. It covers both grief and alarm, the inner pain of hearing that the circle is about to be broken from inside.

Matthew 26:37 λυπεῖσθαι to be sorrowful

He took with Him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee and began to be sorrowful and deeply distressed.

Here: "To be grieved", meaning inner pain and sorrow. The present tense describes an ongoing state. It prepares for his words in v.38, "my soul is deeply grieved [perilypos], to the point of death."

Mark 10:22 λυπούμενος· grieving;

But the man was saddened by these words and went away in sorrow, because he had great wealth.

Here: 'Grieving', in the present tense: he grieved all the way as he left. The word covers real pain and sorrow, not mild disappointment. He was torn, not indifferent.

Mark 14:19 λυπεῖσθαι to be grieved

They began to be grieved and to ask Him one after another, “Surely not I?”

John 16:20 λυπηθήσεσθε, will be grieved,

Truly, truly, I tell you, you will weep and wail while the world rejoices. You will grieve, but your grief will turn to joy.

Here: Passive in form, but the meaning is 'you will become sorrowful, you will be in pain'. The word covers inner anguish, and the next verse uses its noun for the pain of labour.

John 21:17 ἐλυπήθη Was grieved

Jesus asked a third time, “Simon son of John, do you love Me?” Peter was deeply hurt that Jesus had asked him a third time, “Do you love Me?” “Lord, You know all things,” he replied. “You know I love You.” Jesus said to him, “Feed My sheep.

Here: 'He was grieved / hurt / pained', describing a single moment of pain. It is the same word family Jesus used for the disciples' sorrow at his departure (16:6, 20–22).

Romans 14:15 λυπεῖται, is grieved,

If your brother is distressed by what you eat, you are no longer acting in love. Do not by your eating destroy your brother, for whom Christ died.

Here: Present passive: "is being pained" or "hurt". This is real inner pain or injury, not mild annoyance. In context it probably includes the pain of being drawn to act against one's own conscience (vv. 20–23).

2 Corinthians 2:2 λυπῶ λυπούμενος grieve, being grieved

For if I grieve you, who is left to cheer me but those whom I have grieved?

2 Corinthians 2:4 λυπηθῆτε, you may be grieved,

For through many tears I wrote you out of great distress and anguish of heart, not to grieve you but to let you know how much I love you.

Here: 'That you might be made to hurt.' Paul admits in 7:8 that the letter did hurt them. He denies only that hurting them was the aim.

2 Corinthians 2:5 λελύπηκεν, λελύπηκεν has caused grief,, has he grieved

Now if anyone has caused grief, he has not grieved me but all of you—to some degree, not to overstate it.

2 Corinthians 6:10 λυπούμενοι being sorrowful

sorrowful, yet always rejoicing; poor, yet making many rich; having nothing, and yet possessing everything.

Here: Literally "being grieved": a present passive form meaning an ongoing state of pain or distress. In this letter it is real grief, not just how outsiders see them. Paul has just written about his own anguish over the Corinthians (2:1–4; 7:8–11).

2 Corinthians 7:8 ἐλύπησα ἐλύπησεν I have grieved, grieved

Even if I caused you sorrow by my letter, I do not regret it. Although I did regret it—for I see that my letter caused you sorrow, but only for a short time—

2 Corinthians 7:9 ἐλυπήθητε, ἐλυπήθητε ἐλυπήθητε you were grieved,, you were grieved

yet now I rejoice, not because you were made sorrowful, but because your sorrow led you to repentance. For you felt the sorrow that God had intended, and so were not harmed in any way by us.

Here: Aorist passive, looking back on one event: the distress his letter caused them. The passive can mean 'you were pained (by my letter)' or simply 'you became sorrowful'.

2 Corinthians 7:11 λυπηθῆναι to have been grieved

Consider what this godly sorrow has produced in you: what earnestness, what eagerness to clear yourselves, what indignation, what alarm, what longing, what zeal, what vindication! In every way you have proved yourselves to be innocent in this matter.

Here: Aorist passive: 'to have been grieved' — a real, painful episode that happened to them through Paul's letter (v. 8), now looked back on as complete.

Ephesians 4:30 λυπεῖτε do grieve

And do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God, in whom you were sealed for the day of redemption.

Here: Present-tense command, plural: "do not keep causing pain to". Addressed to the whole congregation, it means hurting someone, giving them sorrow. Here the one hurt is God's own Spirit.

1 Thessalonians 4:13 λυπῆσθε you may be grieved

Brothers, we do not want you to be uninformed about those who sleep in death, so that you will not grieve like the rest, who are without hope.

Here: "You go on grieving." Present tense, so a continuing state of sorrow or pain. Here it is mourning for the dead, the heavy grief of bereavement.

1 Peter 1:6 λυπηθέντες having been put to grief

In this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in various trials

Here: 'Having been made to grieve'. The word means real emotional pain, sorrow and distress. The joy does not cancel the grief; the two stand side by side. The passive form says the grief has come upon them from outside.