Greek word · G3421

μνημονεύω

mnēmoneuō

to remember

To remember, call to mind, keep in mind, and in some uses to mention.

Appears 21 times in 21 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·

What it means

μνημονεύω

(μνήμων, mindful) [in LXX for זָכַר ;]

1. to call to mind, remember : absol., Mark 8:18; with genitive of person(s), Luke 17:32, Colossians 4:18, 1 Thessalonians 1:3, Hebrews 11:15 (but see infr.) Hebrews 13:7; τ. πτωχῶν, Galatians 2:20; with genitive of thing(s), John 15:20 16:4, 21, Acts 20:35; with accusative obj. (as more frequently in cl.), of persons, 2 Timothy 2:8; of things, Matthew 16:9, 1 Thessalonians 2:9, Revelation 18:5; before ὅτι, Acts 20:31, Ephesians 2:11, 2 Thessalonians 2:5; πόθεν, Revelation 2:5; πῶς, Revelation 3:3.

2. to make mention of: with genitive, Hebrews 11:15 (but see supr., and cf. M, Th., I, 18); before περί, Hebrews 11:22.†

(AS)

From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of John 15:20

Range of meaning

To remember, call to mind, keep in mind, and in some uses to mention.

Against the English

'Remember' is accurate. The present-tense command means keep it in mind, go on recalling it, not just recall it once.

Used elsewhere in the period

Remembering is a theme in John's Gospel: after the resurrection the disciples 'remembered' Jesus' words (2:22; 12:16). The Spirit will 'remind you of all that I said' (14:26). In 16:4 Jesus says, 'I have told you these things so that when their hour comes you may remember.'

From the study of John 16:4

Range of meaning

To remember or call to mind, and also to keep in mind, pay heed to, or act on what one remembers. In the biblical tradition, 'remembering' usually leads to action or loyalty, not just memory.

Against the English

'Remember' is accurate. In John, though, it carries more than recall: remembering here means understanding Jesus' words in the light of events and so holding on to faith.

Used elsewhere in the period

John 15:20 has the same verb: 'Remember the word that I said to you: a servant is not greater than his master. If they persecuted me, they will persecute you.' John also uses the related verb μιμνῄσκομαι for the disciples' remembering after the resurrection (2:17, 22; 12:16). The Spirit 'will remind you of all that I said to you' (14:26). In the LXX, God's people are repeatedly told to 'remember' what God did and said (Deut 8:2; 16:3).

From the study of Mark 8:18

Range of meaning

To remember or recall; to keep in mind; to think of; to mention (BDAG). In the LXX and in Jewish usage, 'remembering' (Hebrew zakar) the acts of God is active: recalling the past so that it governs present trust and conduct.

Against the English

English 'remember' usually means retrieving a fact. The disciples can do that. They answer 'Twelve' and 'Seven' straight away (8:19-20). Jesus is asking whether they have kept those events in mind as a guide to the present.

How it drifted

In everyday English, 'remember' has narrowed to recalling information. The biblical sense of remembering God's deeds as grounds for trust is not carried by the English word on its own.

Used elsewhere in the period

Deuteronomy 8:2-3, 8:18 and similar passages: 'remember' the wilderness, where God fed Israel with manna so that they would know a person does not live by bread alone. The Psalms (e.g., Psalm 78, 105-106) recount Israel forgetting God's wonders in the wilderness and then demanding food. Elsewhere in the NT: Luke 17:32 ('Remember Lot's wife'), 2 Timothy 2:8.

Where it appears

Matthew · 1
  1. Matthew 16:9 μνημονεύετε remember

    Do you still not understand? Do you not remember the five loaves for the five thousand, and how many basketfuls you gathered?

    Here: Not merely 'can you recall it?' They obviously could. It means 'are you keeping it in mind and letting it shape how you think now?'

Mark · 1
  1. Mark 8:18 μνημονεύετε; do you remember?

    ‘Having eyes, do you not see? And having ears, do you not hear?’ And do you not remember?

    Here: To call to mind and keep in mind. The disciples can recall the facts (twelve baskets, seven baskets, 8:19-20). What they fail to do is let what they saw shape how they understand their present situation, worrying about bread while the one who fed thousands sits in the boat.

Luke · 1
  1. Luke 17:32 μνημονεύετε do remember

    Remember Lot’s wife!

John · 3
  1. John 15:20 μνημονεύετε do remember

    Remember the word that I spoke to you: ‘No servant is greater than his master.’ If they persecuted Me, they will persecute you as well; if they kept My word, they will keep yours as well.

    Here: A present-tense command: keep calling this saying to mind, hold on to it. The same Greek form could also mean 'you remember', but the context reads best as a command.

  2. John 16:4 μνημονεύητε you may remember

    But I have told you these things so that when their hour comes, you will remember that I told you about them. I did not tell you these things from the beginning, because I was with you.

    Here: Present subjunctive. It means keep calling to mind, not a single flash of memory. In John, remembering Jesus' words after the event is how disciples come to understand and believe (2:22; 12:16).

  3. John 16:21 μνημονεύει she remembers

    A woman has pain in childbirth because her time has come; but when she brings forth her child, she forgets her anguish because of her joy that a child has been born into the world.

    Here: 'Keeps in mind, dwells on.' She does not literally lose the memory. The anguish just no longer holds her attention. It is everyday exaggeration, the way we say 'she forgot all about it'.

Acts · 2
  1. Acts 20:31 μνημονεύοντες remembering

    Therefore be alert and remember that for three years I never stopped warning each of you night and day with tears.

    Here: A participle tied to the command: part of how they stay watchful is by keeping Paul's own example in front of them. Remembering here is active. It means holding something in mind so that it shapes what you do, not just recalling a fact.

  2. Acts 20:35 μνημονεύειν to remember

    In everything, I showed you that by this kind of hard work we must help the weak, remembering the words of the Lord Jesus Himself: ‘It is more blessed to give than to receive.’”

    Here: Not just recalling but keeping something in mind so that it guides what you do. It also suggests a saying passed on by word of mouth and deliberately kept.

Galatians · 1
  1. Galatians 2:10 μνημονεύωμεν· we may remember;

    They only asked us to remember the poor, the very thing I was eager to do.

    Here: The present tense marks something ongoing: 'keep on remembering'. In this setting it means steady practical concern, which in fact meant sending material help. 'We' is Paul and Barnabas, and through them their mostly non-Jewish churches.

Ephesians · 1
  1. Ephesians 2:11 μνημονεύετε do remember

    Therefore remember that formerly you who are Gentiles in the flesh and called uncircumcised by the so-called circumcision (that done in the body by human hands)—

    Here: A present-tense command: keep calling it to mind, make it something you dwell on. The point is not to feel guilty. It is so they can see how far grace has brought them.

Colossians · 1
  1. Colossians 4:18 μνημονεύετέ do remember

    This greeting is in my own hand—Paul. Remember my chains. Grace be with you.

    Here: A present-tense command for ongoing action: keep on bearing in mind. In Paul this often means calling someone to mind before God in prayer, and it implies solidarity and active concern, not just recall.

1 Thessalonians · 2
  1. 1 Thessalonians 1:3 μνημονεύοντες remembering

    and continually recalling before our God and Father your work of faith, your labor of love, and your enduring hope in our Lord Jesus Christ.

    Here: A present participle that continues the 'we give thanks' of verse 2: the thanksgiving goes on while Paul and his co-workers keep calling the Thessalonians to mind in prayer. In Jewish prayer, 'remembering' someone before God meant actively bringing them into God's presence, not just thinking about them.

  2. 1 Thessalonians 2:9 Μνημονεύετε You remember

    Surely you recall, brothers, our labor and toil. We worked night and day so that we would not be a burden to anyone while we proclaimed to you the gospel of God.

    Here: Present tense, 'you remember' (or possibly 'remember!'). Paul is not informing them but calling them to witness what they saw with their own eyes, part of a run of 'you know' appeals in this chapter (2:1, 2, 5, 11).

2 Thessalonians · 1
  1. 2 Thessalonians 2:5 μνημονεύετε you do remember

    Do you not remember that I told you these things while I was still with you?

    Here: Present tense, "you" plural: "do you (all) not keep in mind?" Not just recalling a fact but holding teaching in mind so that it shapes how you react; the Thessalonians have been shaken (v. 2) because they have let go of what they were taught.

2 Timothy · 1
  1. 2 Timothy 2:8 Μνημόνευε do remember

    Remember Jesus Christ, raised from the dead, descended from David, as proclaimed by my gospel,

    Here: A command in a form that means an ongoing habit: 'keep remembering', 'hold in your mind all the time'. It is not 'recall something you forgot'. It means keeping Jesus in view as what steadies Timothy while he suffers (vv. 3–7, 9).

Hebrews · 3
  1. Hebrews 11:15 ἐμνημόνευον they were remembering

    If they had been thinking of the country they had left, they would have had opportunity to return.

  2. Hebrews 11:22 ἐμνημόνευσεν made mention

    By faith Joseph, when his end was near, spoke about the exodus of the Israelites and gave instructions about his bones.

  3. Hebrews 13:7 Μνημονεύετε do remember

    Remember your leaders who spoke the word of God to you. Consider the outcome of their way of life and imitate their faith.

    Here: A present-tense command: keep remembering, don't let them fade. In Hebrews, remembering leads to action (compare 13:3, 'remember those in prison'). Here it means remembering them with honour and letting their memory shape how you live.

Revelation · 3
  1. Revelation 2:5 μνημόνευε do remember

    Therefore, keep in mind how far you have fallen. Repent and perform the deeds you did at first. But if you do not repent, I will come to you and remove your lampstand from its place.

    Here: A present-tense command: not a single flash of memory but 'keep remembering, keep it before you.' In biblical usage remembering is active: calling something to mind so that it shapes what you do next.

  2. Revelation 3:3 μνημόνευε do remember

    Remember, then, what you have received and heard. Keep it and repent. If you do not wake up, I will come like a thief, and you will not know the hour when I will come upon you.

    Here: A present command: 'keep remembering', make it an ongoing habit. In biblical usage remembering is not only recalling a fact. It means calling something back to mind so that it shapes what you do, the same call made to Ephesus in 2:5.

  3. Revelation 18:5 ἐμνημόνευσεν has remembered

    For her sins are piled up to heaven, and God has remembered her iniquities.

    Here: In biblical language, God "remembering" means God taking up a matter and acting on it, here by judging. It does not mean God had forgotten. The past tense presents the decision as already made.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.