ξύλον

Matthew 26:47 ξύλων clubs

While Jesus was still speaking, Judas, one of the Twelve, arrived, accompanied by a large crowd armed with swords and clubs, sent from the chief priests and elders of the people.

Here: Literally "woods": wooden clubs or cudgels, the typical tool of guards and household enforcers rather than soldiers.

Matthew 26:55 ξύλων clubs

At that time Jesus said to the crowd, “Have you come out with swords and clubs to arrest Me as you would an outlaw? Every day I sat teaching in the temple courts, and you did not arrest Me.

Here: Literally 'pieces of wood': cudgels or staves, the standard weapon of watchmen and household enforcers.

Mark 14:43 ξύλων clubs

While Jesus was still speaking, Judas, one of the Twelve, arrived, accompanied by a crowd armed with swords and clubs, sent from the chief priests, scribes, and elders.

Here: Literally 'pieces of wood,' here clubs or cudgels: improvised or police-style weapons, not walking sticks.

Mark 14:48 ξύλων clubs

Jesus asked the crowd, “Have you come out with swords and clubs to arrest Me as you would an outlaw?

Luke 22:52 ξύλων; clubs?

Then Jesus said to the chief priests, temple officers, and elders who had come for Him, “Have you come out with swords and clubs as you would against an outlaw?

Luke 23:31 ξύλῳ tree

For if men do these things while the tree is green, what will happen when it is dry?”

Here: Wood in general: a living tree, a log, timber. Here it is the image in the proverb. Luke elsewhere uses the same word for the cross (Acts 5:30; 10:39), which some readers hear in the background.

Acts 5:30 ξύλου· a tree;

The God of our fathers raised up Jesus, whom you had killed by hanging Him on a tree.

Here: A piece of wood, here the cross. The word picks up the 'tree' of Deuteronomy 21:23, where anyone hung on wood is under God's curse.

Acts 10:39 ξύλου. a tree.

We are witnesses of all that He did, both in the land of the Jews and in Jerusalem. And although they put Him to death by hanging Him on a tree,

Here: 'Wood': a beam or stake, here the cross. The word deliberately recalls the Torah's curse on 'one hanged upon wood' (Deut 21:23), a shame that God reverses in the next verse.

Acts 13:29 ξύλου tree

When they had carried out all that was written about Him, they took Him down from the tree and laid Him in a tomb.

Here: 'The wood', meaning the cross. The word is chosen on purpose to echo Deuteronomy 21:22–23, where a man hung 'on wood/a tree' is under God's curse and must be buried before nightfall.

Acts 16:24 ξύλον.¶ stocks.

On receiving this order, he placed them in the inner cell and fastened their feet in the stocks.

Here: Literally 'the wood'. Here it is the standard term for the stocks: a heavy beam with holes that locked the ankles in place. It was used to restrain prisoners and, at times, to torment them.

1 Corinthians 3:12 ξύλα, wood,

If anyone builds on this foundation using gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, or straw,

Here: Plural: pieces of timber or beams. It begins the second group of three, the materials that burn. Wood was an ordinary and respectable building material, but fire destroys it.

Galatians 3:13 ξύλου· a tree;

Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us. For it is written: “Cursed is everyone who is hung on a tree.”

Here: Not a living tree. It means a piece of wood used to execute or display someone, and in Christian speech it became a standard way of referring to the cross (Acts 5:30; 10:39; 1 Pet 2:24).

1 Peter 2:24 ξύλον tree

He Himself bore our sins in His body on the tree, so that we might die to sin and live to righteousness. “By His stripes you are healed.”

Here: Cut wood: a post, beam or gallows. Early Christian preaching used it for the cross, echoing Deuteronomy 21:22–23, where a person hung "on wood" is under a curse.

Revelation 2:7 ξύλου tree

He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To the one who overcomes, I will grant the right to eat from the tree of life in the Paradise of God.

Here: 'Tree'. This is the exact word used in Greek Genesis 2:9 and 3:22 for the tree of life. The word can also mean 'wood' or a wooden stake.

Revelation 18:12 ξύλον ξύλου wood

cargo of gold, silver, precious stones, and pearls; of fine linen, purple, silk, and scarlet; of all kinds of citron wood and every article of ivory, precious wood, bronze, iron, and marble;

Here: Wood as a material, here a specific luxury timber.

Revelation 22:2 ξύλον ξύλου [was a] tree, tree

down the middle of the main street of the city. On either side of the river stood a tree of life, bearing twelve kinds of fruit and yielding a fresh crop for each month. And the leaves of the tree are for the healing of the nations.

Here: "Tree." The Greek Old Testament (the Septuagint) uses this word for Eden's tree of life (Gen 2:9). It is singular, though it stands on both banks. It is probably a collective image (Ezekiel has many trees) shaped to recall the one tree of Eden.

Revelation 22:14 ξύλον tree

Blessed are those who wash their robes, so that they may have the right to the tree of life and may enter the city by its gates.

Here: 'Tree'. This is the word the Greek Old Testament uses in Genesis 2:9 and 3:22 for the tree of life.

Revelation 22:19 ξύλου tree

And if anyone takes away from the words of this book of prophecy, God will take away his share in the tree of life and the holy city, which are described in this book.

Here: The tree of life from Eden (Gen 2:9 in the Greek Old Testament), now standing in the new Jerusalem (22:2). It was promised to those who conquer (2:7) and to those who wash their robes (22:14).