Greek word · G390
ἀναστρέφω
anastrephō
to live/return
Literally "turn back" or "return". Its common moral sense, which is the one used here, is "to go about one's life, to conduct oneself, to behave" (the related noun ἀναστροφή means "way of life"). It describes a person's whole pattern of living in public and in private.
Appears 9 times in 9 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·
What it means
ἀνα-στρέφω
[in LXX chiefly for שׁוּב ;]
1. to overturn: John 2:15.
2. to turn back, return: Acts 5:22 15:16.
3. to turn hither and thither; pass., to turn oneself about, sojourn, dwell: Matthew 17:22 Rec.; metaphorically (like Heb. הָלַךְ, in κοινή writers and in π.; see Deiss., LAE, 315; BS, 88, 194; MM, VGT, see word), to conduct oneself, behave, live: 2 Corinthians 1:12, Ephesians 2:3, 1 Timothy 3:15, Hebrews 10:33 13:18, 1 Peter 1:17, 2 Peter 2:18.
† SYN.: περιπατέω (Hellenistic), πολιτεύω (AS)
From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Ephesians 2:3
- Range of meaning
Literally "turn back" or "return". Its common moral sense, which is the one used here, is "to go about one's life, to conduct oneself, to behave" (the related noun ἀναστροφή means "way of life"). It describes a person's whole pattern of living in public and in private.
- Against the English
Modern versions say "lived", which is accurate. The KJV's "had our conversation" was accurate in 1611 but now misleads (see drift).
- How it drifted
"Conversation" came into English from Latin conversatio ("manner of life"), the word the Vulgate used. Over time English narrowed "conversation" to mean talking.
- Used elsewhere in the period
The moral sense is common in Hellenistic Greek inscriptions honouring people who "conducted themselves" well. In the LXX it appears in Prov 20:7 for the righteous man who "walks". In the NT: 2 Cor 1:12; 1 Tim 3:15; Heb 13:18; 1 Pet 1:17. The noun is in Eph 4:22, "your former way of life", which deliberately echoes this verse.
From the study of 2 Corinthians 1:12
- Range of meaning
Literally "to turn back, turn about." In the middle/passive, "to conduct oneself, behave, live", that is, how one moves among others. The noun anastrophē means manner of life.
- Against the English
KJV "we have had our conversation", which in 1611 English meant "conducted our life". Modern readers hear "talked". BSB/WEB/YLT "conducted/behaved ourselves" is accurate.
- How it drifted
English "conversation" (from Latin conversatio, "way of life, dealings") narrowed to "talk" after the 17th century.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Common in Hellenistic honorary inscriptions praising a benefactor or official who "conducted himself well" in a city. The LXX uses it in a similar ethical sense. In the NT see Eph 2:3; 1 Tim 3:15; Heb 13:18 ("we are persuaded we have a good conscience, wishing to conduct ourselves well in all things", a close parallel).
From the study of 1 Timothy 3:15
- Range of meaning
Literally 'turn back, return'. In the middle voice, 'to conduct oneself, live, go about one's life'. Related noun anastrophē, 'way of life'.
- Against the English
KJV 'behave thyself' and ESV 'behave' can sound to modern ears like manners or children's discipline. BSB, NIV, NASB and NLT 'conduct oneself' is closer.
- How it drifted
In older English 'behave' (literally 'have oneself', i.e. bear or conduct oneself) was broad. Today 'behave yourself' mostly means 'don't misbehave'.
- Used elsewhere in the period
2 Cor 1:12; Eph 2:3; Heb 13:18; 1 Pet 1:17 ('conduct yourselves in fear'). Hellenistic honorific inscriptions commonly praise a citizen for having 'conducted himself' (anastrapheis) well and honourably in civic life.
Where it appears
Acts · 2
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Acts 5:22 ἀναστρέψαντες having returned
But on arriving at the jail, the officers did not find them there. So they returned with the report:
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Acts 15:16 ἀναστρέψω I will return
‘After this I will return and rebuild the fallen tent of David. Its ruins I will rebuild, and I will restore it,
Here: 'I will turn back.' The speaker is God ('says the Lord', v.17). After judgment he turns back toward his people to act for them, as in Jeremiah 12:15 and Zechariah 1:16. Paired with the next verb, it can also carry the Hebrew idea of 'doing again'.
2 Corinthians · 1
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2 Corinthians 1:12 ἀνεστράφημεν we have conducted ourselves
For this is our boast: Our conscience testifies that we have conducted ourselves in the world, and especially in relation to you, in the holiness and sincerity that are from God—not in worldly wisdom, but in the grace of God.
Here: Literally "turned ourselves about", that is, lived, behaved, carried ourselves among people. The aorist tense sums up his whole record as one completed whole.
Ephesians · 1
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Ephesians 2:3 ἀνεστράφημέν lived
All of us also lived among them at one time, fulfilling the cravings of our flesh and indulging its desires and thoughts. Like the rest, we were by nature children of wrath.
Here: "We conducted our lives" or "we went about life". It means a whole manner of living, not a single act. The past tense sums up that former life as one finished whole.
1 Timothy · 1
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1 Timothy 3:15 ἀναστρέφεσθαι, to conduct oneself,
in case I am delayed, so that you will know how each one must conduct himself in God’s household, which is the church of the living God, the pillar and foundation of the truth.
Here: 'To conduct oneself', to live and move about in a certain way. It covers a whole way of life and its relationships, not just manners at a meeting.
Hebrews · 2
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Hebrews 10:33 ἀναστρεφομένων passing through [them]
Sometimes you were publicly exposed to ridicule and persecution; at other times you were partners with those who were so treated.
Here: In this middle form it means 'to live, to go through life' in a certain condition. So 'those who were living this way', meaning those whose daily lives were marked by that abuse. Most translations smooth it to 'those so treated'.
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Hebrews 13:18 ἀναστρέφεσθαι. to conduct ourselves.
Pray for us; we are convinced that we have a clear conscience and desire to live honorably in every way.
Here: "To conduct oneself, to live." It refers to a whole pattern of behavior among others, the same idea as ἀναστροφή, "way of life," in 13:7.
1 Peter · 1
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1 Peter 1:17 ἀναστράφητε· do conduct yourselves;
Since you call on a Father who judges each one’s work impartially, conduct yourselves in reverent fear during your stay as foreigners.
Here: An aorist (simple past-form) command, treating the whole stretch of time as one thing: 'live out the whole of it this way.' The verb shares a root with ἀναστροφή, 'way of life', which is one of the letter's keywords (1:15, 1:18, 2:12, 3:1–2, 3:16).
2 Peter · 1
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2 Peter 2:18 ἀναστρεφομένους, living,
With lofty but empty words, they appeal to the sensual passions of the flesh and entice those who are just escaping from others who live in error.
Here: 'Conducting themselves', a present participle describing their settled way of life. Like the Hebrew idiom of 'walking', it refers to a whole lifestyle, not to a single act.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.