Greek word · G4739

στήκω

stēkō

to stand

A late Greek verb formed from the perfect hestēka ("I stand"). It means "stand", especially "stand firm, hold one's ground".

Appears 9 times in 9 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·

What it means

στήκω late Pres., formed from perf., ἕστηκα (see B1., § 17; WH, App., 169; Kennedy, Sources, 158; M, Pr., 238; MM, xxiii),

[in LXX: Exodus 14:13 A, Judges 16:26 B, 1 Kings 8:11 B * ;]

= ἵστημι, to stand: Mark 3:31 11:25, John 1:26, Revelation 12:4 (ἕστηκεν T). Metaphorical, to stand firm, stand fast: absol., Galatians 5:1 (but see Field, Notes, 189 f.), 2 Thessalonians 2:15; before ἐν, John 8:44 (ἕστηκεν, T, R, mg.), 1 Corinthians 16:13, Philippians 1:27 4:1; with dative, Romans 14:4.†

(AS)

From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Philippians 1:27

Range of meaning

A late Greek verb formed from the perfect hestēka ("I stand"). It means "stand", especially "stand firm, hold one's ground".

Against the English

"Stand fast" (KJV) and "stand firm" (most) are accurate.

Used elsewhere in the period

Mostly Paul's word: 1 Cor 16:13, Gal 5:1, 1 Thess 3:8, Phil 4:1 ("stand firm in the Lord"). Elsewhere in the NT only Mark 11:25. It is related to the military language of holding a position in battle formation.

From the study of Galatians 5:1

Range of meaning

A Koine verb formed from ἕστηκα ('I have stood'): 'to stand', and by extension 'to stand firm, stay steadfast, not give way'.

Against the English

'Stand firm' (BSB, NIV, ESV, WEB) and 'stand fast' (KJV) are accurate. NASB's 'keep standing firm' brings out that this is a continuing command. YLT's bare 'stand ye' is literal but loses the force of steadfastness.

Used elsewhere in the period

It appears almost only in Paul's letters in the NT, always as an exhortation to steadfastness: 'stand firm in the faith' (1 Cor 16:13), 'stand firm in one spirit' (Phil 1:27), 'stand firm in the Lord' (Phil 4:1; 1 Thess 3:8), 'stand firm and hold the traditions' (2 Thess 2:15). Elsewhere: Mark 11:25; Rom 14:4.

From the study of 1 Corinthians 16:13

Range of meaning

To stand. Figuratively, to stand firm, hold one's ground, persist without wavering. This is a late Greek verb formed from the perfect ἕστηκα, 'I stand.' Outside Mark 11:25 and John 1:26 it appears almost only in Paul, and nearly always as an exhortation to stand firm.

Against the English

'Stand firm' (BSB, WEB, NIV, ESV) is accurate. KJV 'stand fast' means the same thing. YLT 'stand' is literal but loses some of the sense of resistance.

Used elsewhere in the period

Gal 5:1 ('stand firm, and do not be loaded again with a yoke of slavery'); Phil 1:27 ('standing firm in one spirit'); Phil 4:1; 1 Thess 3:8 ('we now live, if you stand firm in the Lord'); 2 Thess 2:15. The language of standing in a battle line is common in Greek military writing, and Paul develops it fully in Eph 6:11-14.

Where it appears

Mark · 2
  1. Mark 3:31 στήκοντες standing

    Then Jesus’ mother and brothers came and stood outside. They sent someone in to summon Him,

  2. Mark 11:25 στήκετε you stand

    And when you stand to pray, if you hold anything against another, forgive it, so that your Father in heaven will forgive your trespasses as well.”

    Here: 'You stand'. Standing was the ordinary Jewish posture for prayer, so this is simply a picture of someone at prayer, not a command to stand. The form is a common spoken-Greek verb made from the perfect tense of 'to stand'.

Romans · 1
  1. Romans 14:4 στήκει he stands

    Who are you to judge someone else’s servant? To his own master he stands or falls. And he will stand, for the Lord is able to make him stand.

    Here: A Koine verb formed from the perfect of histēmi, meaning to stand or stand firm. Here it means standing approved, or holding one's place, before the master.

1 Corinthians · 1
  1. 1 Corinthians 16:13 στήκετε do stand firm

    Be on the alert. Stand firm in the faith. Be men of courage. Be strong.

    Here: 'Keep on standing your ground.' This verb is a favorite of Paul's, almost always as a command or a hope that a church will hold its position under pressure (Gal 5:1; Phil 1:27; 4:1; 1 Thess 3:8). The picture is a soldier who will not be pushed back. It echoes 15:1, where the Corinthians 'stand' in the gospel, and 15:58, 'be steadfast, immovable.'

Galatians · 1
  1. Galatians 5:1 στήκετε do stand firm

    It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not be encumbered once more by a yoke of slavery.

    Here: A command for continuing action: 'keep standing, hold your ground'. It is a late Greek verb formed from the perfect of 'stand', so it carries the sense of standing your ground, like a soldier who does not give way.

Philippians · 2
  1. Philippians 1:27 στήκετε you are standing firm

    Nevertheless, conduct yourselves in a manner worthy of the gospel of Christ. Then, whether I come and see you or only hear about you in my absence, I will know that you stand firm in one spirit, contending together as one for the faith of the gospel,

    Here: "You are holding your ground." This is the stance of a soldier or wrestler who refuses to be pushed back, and it is aimed at the opponents named in v. 28.

  2. Philippians 4:1 στήκετε do stand firm

    Therefore, my brothers, whom I love and long for, my joy and crown, that is how you must stand firm in the Lord, my beloved.

    Here: Present-tense command: "keep standing" or "hold your ground." The picture is someone who does not give way under pressure, like a soldier holding his place in the line. It repeats 1:27, "stand firm in one spirit."

1 Thessalonians · 1
  1. 1 Thessalonians 3:8 στήκετε are standing firm

    For now we can go on living, as long as you are standing firm in the Lord.

    Here: Present tense: 'you are standing firm', an ongoing state. It pictures holding your ground under pressure, like a soldier keeping his position, and here that pressure is persecution.

2 Thessalonians · 1
  1. 2 Thessalonians 2:15 στήκετε do stand firm

    Therefore, brothers, stand firm and cling to the traditions we taught you, whether by speech or by letter.

    Here: A present command: keep standing your ground. It answers 2:2, where Paul does not want them 'shaken' out of their right mind by alarming claims about the Day of the Lord.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.