Hebrew word · H2574
חֲמָת
chamat
Hamath
A proper name: Hamath, modern Hama on the Orontes River in central Syria. It was capital of a large kingdom. In Israel's tradition the name also marks a frontier ('Lebo-Hamath,' 'the entrance of Hamath').
Appears 35 times in 33 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
§ Hamath = "fortress"
the principle city of upper Syria in the valley of the Orontes
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
A proper name: Hamath, modern Hama on the Orontes River in central Syria. It was capital of a large kingdom. In Israel's tradition the name also marks a frontier ('Lebo-Hamath,' 'the entrance of Hamath').
- Against the English
Translations are uniform. No drift.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Assyrian Ḫamat/Amattu paid tribute to Tiglath-pileser III in 738 BC. Sargon II's Great Display Inscription from Khorsabad says Ilu-bi'di (also called Yau-bi'di) of Hamath gathered Arpad, Simirra, Damascus and Samaria into revolt, and Sargon defeated them at Qarqar in 720 BC. In the Bible Hamath is the ideal northern border of Israel's land (Numbers 34:8; 1 Kings 8:65; Amos 6:14).
Similar words
Where it appears
Numbers · 2
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Numbers 13:21 חֲמָֽת׃ Hamath
So they went up and spied out the land from the Wilderness of Zin as far as Rehob, toward Lebo-hamath.
Here: Hamath was a major city-state on the Orontes River in Syria (modern Hama). "Lebo of Hamath" marks the southern edge of Hamath's territory. This is the standard ideal northern limit of Israel's land (Num 34:8; 1 Kgs 8:65).
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Numbers 34:8 חֲמָ֑ת Hamath
and from Mount Hor to Lebo-hamath, then extend to Zedad,
Joshua · 1
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Joshua 13:5 חֲמָֽת׃ Hamath
the land of the Gebalites; and all Lebanon to the east, from Baal-gad below Mount Hermon to Lebo-hamath.
Judges · 1
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Judges 3:3 חֲמָֽת׃ Hamath
the five rulers of the Philistines, all the Canaanites, the Sidonians, and the Hivites who lived in the mountains of Lebanon from Mount Baal-hermon to Lebo-hamath.
Here: Hamath (modern Hama in Syria), a major kingdom on the Orontes River. 'Lebo-hamath' was the classic northern edge of the land promised to Israel (Numbers 34:8).
2 Samuel · 1
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2 Samuel 8:9 חֲמָ֑ת Hamath
When King Toi of Hamath heard that David had defeated the entire army of Hadadezer,
1 Kings · 1
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1 Kings 8:65 חֲמָ֣ת׀ Hamath
So at that time Solomon and all Israel with him—a great assembly of people from Lebo-hamath to the Brook of Egypt—kept the feast before the LORD our God for seven days and seven more days—fourteen days in all.
Here: Hamath, the Aramean city-state on the Orontes River in Syria (modern Hama). "Lebo-hamath" means the point on the road where Hamath's territory began.
2 Kings · 8
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2 Kings 14:25 חֲמָ֖ת Hamath
This Jeroboam restored the boundary of Israel from Lebo-hamath to the Sea of the Arabah, according to the word that the LORD, the God of Israel, had spoken through His servant Jonah son of Amittai, the prophet from Gath-hepher.
Here: A major Aramean city-state on the Orontes River (modern Hama, Syria). 'Lebo-hamath' is the traditional northern limit of Israel's land.
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2 Kings 14:28 חֲמָ֛ת Hamath
As for the rest of the acts of Jeroboam, along with all his accomplishments and might, and how he waged war and recovered both Damascus and Hamath for Israel from Judah, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel?
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2 Kings 17:24 וּמֵֽחֲמָת֙ and from Hamath
Then the king of Assyria brought people from Babylon, Cuthah, Avva, Hamath, and Sepharvaim and settled them in the towns of Samaria to replace the Israelites. They took possession of Samaria and lived in its towns.
Here: The Syrian city-state on the Orontes river (modern Hama). Sargon II crushed it after its revolt in 720 BC. It was a fellow victim of Assyria and a former neighbour of Israel.
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2 Kings 17:30 חֲמָ֖ת Hamath
The men of Babylon made Succoth-benoth, the men of Cuth made Nergal, the men of Hamath made Ashima,
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2 Kings 18:34 חֲמָ֜ת Hamath
Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim, Hena, and Ivvah? Have they delivered Samaria from my hand?
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2 Kings 19:13 חֲמָת֙ Hamath
Where are the kings of Hamath, Arpad, Sepharvaim, Hena, and Ivvah?’”
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2 Kings 23:33 חֲמָ֔ת Hamath
And Pharaoh Neco imprisoned Jehoahaz at Riblah in the land of Hamath so that he could not reign in Jerusalem, and he imposed on Judah a levy of a hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold.
Here: The old Syrian kingdom centred on the city of Hamath (modern Hama), on the Orontes. Israelite tradition remembered it as the far northern limit of the land ("Lebo-hamath").
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2 Kings 25:21 חֲמָ֑ת Hamath
There at Riblah in the land of Hamath, the king of Babylon struck them down and put them to death. So Judah was taken into exile, away from its own land.
1 Chronicles · 3
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1 Chronicles 13:5 חֲמָ֑ת Hamath
So David assembled all Israel, from the River Shihor in Egypt to Lebo-hamath, to bring the ark of God from Kiriath-jearim.
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1 Chronicles 18:3 חֲמָ֑תָה Hamath towards
As far as Hamath, David also defeated King Hadadezer of Zobah, who had marched out to establish his dominion along the Euphrates River.
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1 Chronicles 18:9 חֲמָ֑ת Hamath
When King Tou of Hamath heard that David had defeated the entire army of Hadadezer king of Zobah,
2 Chronicles · 2
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2 Chronicles 7:8 חֲמָ֖ת Hamath
So at that time Solomon and all Israel with him—a very great assembly of people from Lebo-hamath to the Brook of Egypt—kept the feast for seven days.
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2 Chronicles 8:4 בַּחֲמָֽת׃ in Hamath
He built Tadmor in the wilderness, in addition to all the store cities that he had built in Hamath.
Isaiah · 4
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Isaiah 10:9 חֲמָ֔ת [is] Hamath
“Is not Calno like Carchemish? Is not Hamath like Arpad? Is not Samaria like Damascus?
Here: Hamath (modern Hama on the Orontes River) led the western revolt of 720 BC, which Sargon II smashed at Qarqar. Israel knew the name as its ideal northern frontier ('Lebo-Hamath').
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Isaiah 11:11 וּמֵ֣חֲמָ֔ת and from Hamath
On that day the Lord will extend His hand a second time to recover the remnant of His people from Assyria, from Egypt, from Pathros, from Cush, from Elam, from Shinar, from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea.
Here: A city-state on the Orontes river in Syria, conquered by Assyria in 720 BC. It marks the north.
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Isaiah 36:19 חֲמָת֙ Hamath
Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim? Have they delivered Samaria from my hand?
Here: A major Aramean city-state on the Orontes river (modern Hama, Syria). It rebelled and was crushed by Sargon II in 720 BC, only about twenty years before this speech.
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Isaiah 37:13 חֲמָת֙ Hamath
Where are the kings of Hamath, Arpad, Sepharvaim, Hena, and Ivvah?’”
Jeremiah · 4
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Jeremiah 39:5 חֲמָ֑ת Hamath
But the army of the Chaldeans pursued them and overtook Zedekiah in the plains of Jericho. They seized him and brought him up to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon at Riblah in the land of Hamath, where he pronounced judgment on him.
Here: The region of central Syria around the city of Hamath, traditionally the far northern edge of Israel's ideal borders (e.g. Numbers 34:8).
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Jeremiah 49:23 חֲמָת֙ Hamath
Concerning Damascus: “Hamath and Arpad are put to shame, for they have heard a bad report; they are agitated like the sea; their anxiety cannot be calmed.
Here: A major Aramean city-state on the Orontes River in central Syria (modern Hama), north of Damascus. It is the first subject of 'is ashamed'.
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Jeremiah 52:9 חֲמָ֑ת Hamath
The Chaldeans seized the king and brought him up to the king of Babylon at Riblah in the land of Hamath, where he pronounced judgment on Zedekiah.
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Jeremiah 52:27 חֲמָ֑ת Hamath
There at Riblah in the land of Hamath, the king of Babylon struck them down and put them to death. So Judah was taken into exile, away from its own land.
Ezekiel · 6
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Ezekiel 47:16 חֲמָ֤ת׀ חֲמָ֑ת Hamath
Berothah, and Sibraim (which is on the border between Damascus and Hamath), as far as Hazer-hatticon, which is on the border of Hauran.
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Ezekiel 47:17 חֲמָ֑ת Hamath
So the border will run from the Sea to Hazar-enan, along the northern border of Damascus, with the territory of Hamath to the north. This will be the northern boundary.
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Ezekiel 47:20 חֲמָ֑ת Hamath
And on the west side, the Great Sea will be the boundary up to a point opposite Lebo-hamath. This will be the western boundary.
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Ezekiel 48:1 חֲמָ֡ת חֲמָ֔ת Hamath
“Now these are the names of the tribes: At the northern frontier, Dan will have one portion bordering the road of Hethlon to Lebo-hamath and running on to Hazar-enan on the border of Damascus with Hamath to the north, and extending from the east side to the west side.
Amos · 1
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Amos 6:14 חֲמָ֖ת Hamath
For behold, I will raise up a nation against you, O house of Israel,” declares the LORD, the God of Hosts, “and they will oppress you from Lebo-hamath to the Brook of the Arabah.”
Zechariah · 1
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Zechariah 9:2 חֲמָ֖ת Hamath
and also against Hamath, which borders it, as well as Tyre and Sidon, though they are very shrewd.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.