Hebrew word · H2682
חָצִיר
chatzir
grass
Green grass, herbage, fodder: the fast-growing, short-lived ground cover of the land.
Appears 21 times in 20 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1a) grass
1b) of the quickly perishing (fig.)
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
Green grass, herbage, fodder: the fast-growing, short-lived ground cover of the land.
- Against the English
'Grass' is accurate. English readers may picture a lawn that is watered all year. In Israel, wild grass sprang up after the winter rains and was scorched brown within weeks by heat and the dry east wind.
- Used elsewhere in the period
A standard image for human frailty: Ps 90:5–6 (grass that sprouts in the morning and is withered by evening), Ps 103:15–16 ('the wind passes over it and it is gone'), Ps 37:2, Job 14:2, Isa 37:27, and Isa 51:12 ('man, who is made like grass').
- Range of meaning
Green grass and herbage, the quick growth that springs up after the winter rains. It also means fodder (1 Kgs 18:5; Ps 104:14). It stands for what is short-lived (Ps 37:2; 90:5–6; 103:15–16; 129:6; Isa 37:27; 51:12).
- Against the English
English “grass” is accurate. BSB, WEB and some others add “like,” which softens a bare Hebrew statement, “all flesh, grass,” into a comparison. KJV and YLT keep it closer to a flat identification.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Psalm 90:5–6 has grass that flourishes in the morning and is cut down and dries by evening. Psalm 103:15–16 says man's days are like grass and the wind passes over him. Isaiah 37:27 (the Assyrian taunt) speaks of grass on the housetops, scorched before it grows up. In Isaiah 51:12 God asks why the exiles fear “a son of man who is made like grass.” The Septuagint renders it “chortos.”
From the study of Isaiah 51:12
- Range of meaning
ḥāṣîr is green grass or fresh growth. In the Bible it is the stock picture of something that does not last (Ps 37:2; 90:5–6; 103:15; 129:6). nātan means 'give', but also 'set, make into' (compare Isa 41:2, God 'makes them like dust to his sword'). The passive form here means 'is made', 'is turned into', or 'is given over'.
- Against the English
KJV 'shall be made as grass' and ESV/NASB 'is made like grass' add 'like/as', which the Hebrew does not have. YLT's 'grass he is made!' keeps the bluntness. BSB's 'withers like grass' brings in the withering from 40:7, which is fair to the context but is not what this verb says.
- Used elsewhere in the period
This deliberately echoes Isa 40:6–8: 'All flesh is grass… the grass withers, the flower fades, when the breath of the LORD blows on it… but the word of our God stands forever.' The Greek Septuagint here spells the withering out: 'who have withered like grass'.
Similar words
Where it appears
Numbers · 1
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Numbers 11:5 הֶחָצִ֥יר the leek[s]
We remember the fish we ate freely in Egypt, along with the cucumbers, melons, leeks, onions, and garlic.
1 Kings · 1
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1 Kings 18:5 חָצִ֗יר grass
Then Ahab said to Obadiah, “Go throughout the land to every spring and every valley. Perhaps we will find grass to keep the horses and mules alive so that we will not have to destroy any livestock.”
2 Kings · 1
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2 Kings 19:26 חֲצִ֣יר grass of
Therefore their inhabitants, devoid of power, are dismayed and ashamed. They are like plants in the field, tender green shoots, grass on the rooftops, scorched before it is grown.
Job · 2
Psalms · 6
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Psalm 37:2 כֶ֭חָצִיר like <the> grass
For they wither quickly like grass and wilt like tender plants.
Here: "Like the grass": ordinary wild grass that springs up after the rains and is gone by summer. It was the stock image in Israel for anything that looks lush but doesn't last.
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Psalm 90:5 כֶּחָצִ֥יר like <the> grass
You sweep them away in their sleep; they are like the new grass of the morning—
Here: 'Like the grass'. This is the wild green growth that covers Levantine hillsides after rain and dies quickly. It is the standard biblical picture of how short human life is (Isa 40:6–8; Ps 103:15–16).
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Psalm 103:15 כֶּחָצִ֣יר [are] like <the> grass
As for man, his days are like grass—he blooms like a flower of the field;
Here: 'Like the grass': the green growth that springs up across the hills after the winter rains and is scorched brown within weeks. The image is of something common, abundant and short-lived.
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Psalm 104:14 חָצִ֨יר׀ grass
He makes the grass grow for the livestock and provides crops for man to cultivate, bringing forth food from the earth:
Here: The fresh green growth that springs up after rain and withers quickly (Ps 103:15; Isa 40:6–8). Here it is pasture and fodder for the herds.
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Psalm 129:6 כַּחֲצִ֣יר like [the] grass of
May they be like grass on the rooftops, which withers before it can grow,
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Psalm 147:8 חָצִֽיר׃ grass
who covers the sky with clouds, who prepares rain for the earth, who makes grass to grow on the hills.
Here: Wild green grass and fodder, food for grazing animals. That leads straight into verse 9, where God feeds the animals and the young ravens.
Proverbs · 1
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Proverbs 27:25 חָ֭צִיר grass
When hay is removed and new growth appears and the grass from the hills is gathered,
Isaiah · 9
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Isaiah 15:6 חָצִיר֙ grass
The waters of Nimrim are dried up, and the grass is withered; the vegetation is gone, and the greenery is no more.
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Isaiah 35:7 חָצִ֖יר herbage
The parched ground will become a pool, the thirsty land springs of water. In the haunt where jackals once lay, there will be grass and reeds and papyrus.
Here: Usually "grass," the green growth that withers quickly in Isaiah (40:6–8). But the same spelling in 34:13 means "enclosure, haunt" for ostriches, and the echo here is probably deliberate. Most read: mere grass will become reeds.
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Isaiah 37:27 חֲצִ֣יר grass of
Therefore their inhabitants, devoid of power, are dismayed and ashamed. They are like plants in the field, tender green shoots, grass on the rooftops, scorched before it is grown.
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Isaiah 40:6 חָצִ֔יר [is] grass
A voice says, “Cry out!” And I asked, “What should I cry out?” “All flesh is like grass, and all its glory like the flowers of the field.
Here: “Grass,” the green growth that springs up after the rains and is gone by summer. There is no verb, so the Hebrew says bluntly “all flesh, grass.” It is an identification, not just a likeness (v.7 makes it explicit: “surely the people are grass”).
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Isaiah 40:7 חָצִיר֙ חָצִ֖יר grass, [is] grass
The grass withers and the flowers fall when the breath of the LORD blows on them; indeed, the people are grass.
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Isaiah 40:8 חָצִ֖יר grass
The grass withers and the flowers fall, but the word of our God stands forever.”
Here: The fresh green growth that covers Judean hillsides after the winter rains and is gone within weeks. Verse 7 has just made it a picture of people: 'surely the people are grass'.
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Isaiah 44:4 חָצִ֑יר grass
They will sprout among the grass like willows by flowing streams.
Here: Fresh green grass that comes up fast after water. It is the same word as "all flesh is grass" in Isaiah 40:6–8. There grass is the picture of how quickly people fade. Here it is the picture of lush, sudden growth.
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Isaiah 51:12 חָצִ֥יר [who] grass
“I, even I, am He who comforts you. Why should you be afraid of mortal man, of a son of man who withers like grass?
Here: Grass that lasts only a season and is scorched in a day. It deliberately recalls 40:6–8: 'all flesh is grass… the grass withers'.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.