Hebrew word · H3002

יָבֵשׁ

yavesh

dry

Dry, dried up, withered. It is used of land (Gen 1:9, the related noun 'dry ground'), of vegetation that has wilted (Isa 40:7–8, 'the grass withers'), of a sapless tree (Ezek 17:24, 'I make the dry tree flourish'), and of bodily strength that is spent (Ps 22:15).

Appears 10 times in 10 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

1) dry

2) dried

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Ezekiel 37:4

Range of meaning

Dry, dried up, withered. It is used of land (Gen 1:9, the related noun 'dry ground'), of vegetation that has wilted (Isa 40:7–8, 'the grass withers'), of a sapless tree (Ezek 17:24, 'I make the dry tree flourish'), and of bodily strength that is spent (Ps 22:15).

Against the English

'Dry' is accurate. What English can miss is the link Hebrew hears between moisture and life, and between dryness and death or hopelessness.

Used elsewhere in the period

In Ezek 17:24 God promises to 'make the dry tree flourish' and in 21:3 [20:47 in English Bibles] he burns 'every green tree and every dry tree'. In Ezek 37:11 the exiles say yāveshu ʿatsmotenu, 'our bones are dried up', the same root, followed by 'our hope is lost; we are cut off.'

Similar words

Where it appears

Numbers · 2
  1. Numbers 6:3 וִיבֵשִׁ֖ים and dried

    he is to abstain from wine and strong drink. He must not drink vinegar made from wine or strong drink, and he must not drink any grape juice or eat fresh grapes or raisins.

  2. Numbers 11:6 יְבֵשָׁ֖ה [is] dry

    But now our appetite is gone; there is nothing to see but this manna!”

Job · 1
  1. Job 13:25 יָבֵ֣שׁ dry

    Would You frighten a windblown leaf? Would You chase after dry chaff?

Isaiah · 1
  1. Isaiah 56:3 יָבֵֽשׁ׃ ס dry

    Let no foreigner who has joined himself to the LORD say, “The LORD will utterly exclude me from His people.” And let the eunuch not say, “I am but a dry tree.”

    Here: Dried up, sapless, dead wood. He means: no children, no line, no name to carry on after him. In Israel's world that came close to vanishing entirely.

Lamentations · 1
  1. Lamentations 4:8 יָבֵ֖שׁ dry

    But now their appearance is blacker than soot; they are not recognized in the streets. Their skin has shriveled on their bones; it has become as dry as a stick.

    Here: "Dry." It comes first in its clause for emphasis. The same word is used for withered plants and dry ground. Life-giving moisture is gone, and the word carries a sense of death.

Ezekiel · 4
  1. Ezekiel 17:24 יָבֵ֑שׁ dry

    Then all the trees of the field will know that I am the LORD. I bring the tall tree down and make the low tree tall. I dry up the green tree and make the withered tree flourish. I, the LORD, have spoken, and I have done it.’”

    Here: "Dry." It comes from the same root as "I dried up," so the roots cross again: the sappy tree becomes dry and the dry tree blossoms. Dry wood is dead wood that nobody expects to grow.

  2. Ezekiel 20:47 יָבֵ֤שׁ dry

    Say to the forest of the Negev: Hear the word of the LORD! This is what the Lord GOD says: I am about to ignite in you a fire, and it will devour all your trees, both green and dry. The blazing flame will not be quenched, and by it every face from south to north will be scorched.

    Here: Dry wood that burns easily. 'Green and dry' together is a way of saying 'every kind', explained in 21:3–4 as 'righteous and wicked'.

  3. Ezekiel 37:2 יְבֵשׁ֥וֹת [they were] dry

    He led me all around among them, and I saw a great many bones on the floor of the valley, and indeed, they were very dry.

  4. Ezekiel 37:4 הַיְבֵשׁ֔וֹת <the> dry

    And He said to me, “Prophesy concerning these bones and tell them, ‘Dry bones, hear the word of the LORD!

    Here: Dried out, with no moisture or flesh left. These are long dead, past any natural hope of life. Verse 2 already called them 'very dry', and verse 11 picks up the exiles' own lament, 'our bones are dried up'.

Nahum · 1
  1. Nahum 1:10 יָבֵ֖שׁ dry

    For they will be entangled as with thorns and consumed like the drink of a drunkard—like stubble that is fully dry.

    Here: Bone-dry, which makes the stubble ideal kindling. There is a deliberate contrast: they are soaked in drink, yet they burn like the driest straw.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.