Hebrew word · H3003

יָבֵשׁ

yavesh

Jabesh

A town in northern Gilead, east of the Jordan, by the Wadi Yabis. The site is usually identified as Tell el-Maqlub or Tell Abu al-Kharaz, but this is uncertain.

Appears 24 times in 21 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

§ Jabesh = "dry"

a town in the territory of Gilead; according to Eusebius, it is beyond the Jordan, 6 miles (10 km) from Pella, on the mountain road to Gerasa

may be modern 'Wadi Yabes'

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of 1 Samuel 11:1

Range of meaning

A town in northern Gilead, east of the Jordan, by the Wadi Yabis. The site is usually identified as Tell el-Maqlub or Tell Abu al-Kharaz, but this is uncertain.

Against the English

English versions differ only in spelling and hyphenation.

Used elsewhere in the period

Judges 21:8–14: Jabesh-gilead failed to join the war against Benjamin, and 400 of its young women were given as wives to the surviving Benjaminites. 1 Samuel 31:11–13: its men recover Saul's body. 2 Samuel 2:4–7: David thanks them for it.

From the study of 2 Samuel 2:4

Range of meaning

A place name, 'Jabesh of Gilead'. The town was probably near the Wadi Yabis east of the Jordan; the exact site is debated (Tell el-Maqlub and Tell Abu al-Kharaz are both proposed).

Against the English

English readers see only a place name. An Israelite hearer would recall a story of debt and loyalty.

Used elsewhere in the period

Saul's first act as king was to rescue Jabesh from Nahash the Ammonite (1 Sam 11). Repaying that, the men of Jabesh marched through the night, took the bodies of Saul and his sons down from the wall of Beth-shan, burned them, buried the bones under the tamarisk, and fasted seven days (1 Sam 31:11–13). There were also older family ties to Benjamin, Saul's tribe (Judges 21).

Similar words

Where it appears

Judges · 5
  1. Judges 21:8 מִיָּבֵ֥ישׁ from Jabesh

    So they asked, “Which one of the tribes of Israel failed to come up before the LORD at Mizpah?” And, in fact, no one from Jabesh-gilead had come to the camp for the assembly.

  2. Judges 21:9 יָבֵ֥שׁ Jabesh

    For when the people were counted, none of the residents of Jabesh-gilead were there.

  3. Judges 21:10 יָבֵ֤שׁ Jabesh

    So the congregation sent 12,000 of their most valiant men and commanded them: “Go and put to the sword those living in Jabesh-gilead, including women and children.

  4. Judges 21:12 יָבֵ֣ישׁ Jabesh

    So they found among the inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead four hundred young women who had not had relations with a man, and they brought them to the camp at Shiloh in the land of Canaan.

  5. Judges 21:14 יָבֵ֣שׁ Jabesh

    And at that time the Benjamites returned and were given the women who were spared from Jabesh-gilead. But there were not enough women for all of them.

1 Samuel · 10
  1. 1 Samuel 11:1 יָבֵ֣שׁ יָבֵישׁ֙ Jabesh

    Then Nahash the Ammonite came up and laid siege to Jabesh-gilead. All the men of Jabesh said to him, “Make a treaty with us, and we will serve you.”

    Here: First half of the town's name. The word sounds like 'dry'. The name survives in the Wadi Yabis, a valley east of the Jordan.

  2. 1 Samuel 11:3 יָבֵ֗ישׁ Jabesh

    “Hold off for seven days,” replied the elders of Jabesh, “and let us send messengers throughout Israel. If there is no one to save us, we will surrender to you.”

  3. 1 Samuel 11:5 יָבֵֽישׁ׃ Jabesh

    Just then Saul was returning from the field, behind his oxen. “What troubles the people?” asked Saul. “Why are they weeping?” And they relayed to him the words of the men from Jabesh.

  4. 1 Samuel 11:9 יָבֵ֣ישׁ יָבֵ֖ישׁ Jabesh

    So they said to the messengers who had come, “Tell the men of Jabesh-gilead: ‘Deliverance will be yours tomorrow by the time the sun is hot.’” And when the messengers relayed this to the men of Jabesh, they rejoiced.

    Here: The besieged town east of the Jordan. The name looks like the Hebrew word for 'dry'.

  5. 1 Samuel 11:10 יָבֵ֔ישׁ Jabesh

    Then the men of Jabesh said to Nahash, “Tomorrow we will come out, and you can do with us whatever seems good to you.”

    Here: Short for Jabesh-gilead, an Israelite town east of the Jordan under Ammonite siege. The name looks like the word for "dry".

  6. 1 Samuel 31:11 יָבֵ֣ישׁ Jabesh

    When the people of Jabesh-gilead heard what the Philistines had done to Saul,

  7. 1 Samuel 31:12 יָבֵ֔שָׁה Jabesh towards

    all their men of valor set out, journeyed all night, and retrieved the bodies of Saul and his sons from the wall of Beth-shan. When they arrived at Jabesh, they burned the bodies there.

  8. 1 Samuel 31:13 בְּיָבֵ֑שָׁה at Jabesh <towards>

    Then they took their bones and buried them under the tamarisk tree in Jabesh, and they fasted seven days.

2 Samuel · 3
  1. 2 Samuel 2:4 יָבֵ֣ישׁ Jabesh

    Then the men of Judah came to Hebron, and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah. And they told David, “It was the men of Jabesh-gilead who buried Saul.”

    Here: A town east of the Jordan. Saul had once saved it from the Ammonites (1 Samuel 11).

  2. 2 Samuel 2:5 יָבֵ֣ישׁ Jabesh

    So David sent messengers to the men of Jabesh-gilead to tell them, “The LORD bless you, because you showed this kindness to Saul your lord when you buried him.

  3. 2 Samuel 21:12 יָבֵ֣ישׁ Jabesh

    he went and took the bones of Saul and his son Jonathan from the men of Jabesh-gilead, who had stolen them from the public square of Beth-shan where the Philistines had hung the bodies after they had struck down Saul at Gilboa.

2 Kings · 3
  1. 2 Kings 15:10 יָבֵ֔שׁ Jabesh

    Then Shallum son of Jabesh conspired against Zechariah, struck him down and killed him in front of the people, and reigned in his place.

    Here: Either the father's name or the town of Jabesh(-Gilead) east of the Jordan. The source data tags it as a place name. If it is the town, it would mean Shallum was 'a man from Jabesh', perhaps leading a faction from Gilead.

  2. 2 Kings 15:13 יָבֵישׁ֙ Jabesh

    In the thirty-ninth year of Uzziah’s reign over Judah, Shallum son of Jabesh became king, and he reigned in Samaria one full month.

  3. 2 Kings 15:14 יָבֵ֖ישׁ Jabesh

    Then Menahem son of Gadi went up from Tirzah to Samaria, struck down and killed Shallum son of Jabesh, and reigned in his place.

1 Chronicles · 3
  1. 1 Chronicles 10:11 יָבֵ֣ישׁ Jabesh

    When all the people of Jabesh-gilead heard about everything the Philistines had done to Saul,

  2. 1 Chronicles 10:12 יָבֵ֑ישָׁה בְּיָבֵ֔שׁ Jabesh towards, in Jabesh

    all their men of valor set out and retrieved the bodies of Saul and his sons and brought them to Jabesh. And they buried their bones under the oak in Jabesh and fasted seven days.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.