Hebrew word · H4138
מוֹלֶ֫דֶת
moledet
relatives
From the verb yalad, 'to bear, give birth'. Senses: (1) birth or origin ('land of his birth', Gen 11:28; 24:7; 31:13); (2) kindred, the clan you are born into (Gen 12:1; 43:7; Esth 2:10, 20; 8:6); (3) offspring, 'those born' (Gen 48:6); (4) a person born in a given status, e.g.
Appears 22 times in 21 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) kindred, birth, offspring, relatives
1a) kindred
1b) birth, circumstances of birth
1c) one born, begotten, issue, offspring, female offspring
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Genesis 24:4
- Range of meaning
From the verb yalad, 'to bear, give birth'. Senses: (1) birth or origin ('land of his birth', Gen 11:28; 24:7; 31:13); (2) kindred, the clan you are born into (Gen 12:1; 43:7; Esth 2:10, 20; 8:6); (3) offspring, 'those born' (Gen 48:6); (4) a person born in a given status, e.g. 'born at home' (Lev 18:9). BDB and HALOT both give the 'kindred/relatives' and 'birth/descent' senses.
- Against the English
KJV and ESV have 'kindred', NIV and NASB 'relatives', NLT something like 'my own relatives' or 'homeland'. 'Kindred' is old-fashioned but accurate. 'Relatives' can sound like a loose list of individual relations, while the Hebrew pictures a birth-group, a clan you belong to by blood.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Gen 12:1 'Go from your land and from your kindred (môladtəkā)'. Gen 24:7, in the same speech, 'from the land of my kindred/birth (ʾereṣ môladtî)'. Gen 31:3, God tells Jacob to return 'to the land of your fathers and to your kindred'. Esther 2:10 and 8:6 use it for ethnic family belonging. The Septuagint usually translates it with Greek words for 'tribe/clan' (phylē) or 'birth' (genesis/syngeneia).
From the study of Genesis 24:7
- Range of meaning
From the root 'to bear, give birth'. It means birth and origin (Ezek 16:3–4), offspring (Gen 48:6), relatives or kin (Gen 43:7; Esth 2:10; 8:6), and the land of one's birth or kin (Gen 11:28; 24:4; 31:13).
- Against the English
'Native land' (BSB) and 'land of my birth' (WEB, YLT) stress the place. 'Land of my kindred' (KJV, ESV) stresses the people. The Hebrew holds both at once: home is where your people are.
- Used elsewhere in the period
The word appears in God's first call, 'from your land, from your moledet, and from your father's house' (Gen 12:1). Abraham sends the servant 'to my land and to my moledet' (24:4). God tells Jacob to return 'to the land of your moledet' (31:13).
From the study of Genesis 32:9
- Range of meaning
From yālad 'to give birth.' It can mean (1) birth or descent, (2) kindred, the family or clan one was born into, or (3) native land or place of birth. HALOT and BDB both note how the senses of people and place overlap.
- Against the English
'Kindred' (KJV, BSB, YLT), 'relatives' (WEB, NIV). 'Kindred' keeps the clan sense. 'Relatives' is accurate but sounds more casual and modern.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Gen 12:1 (Abram leaves 'your land, your môledet, and your father's house'); 24:4, 7; 31:3, 13 ('the land of your môledet'); Esther 2:10; 8:6 ('my people… my kindred').
Where it appears
Genesis · 9
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Genesis 11:28 מוֹלַדְתּ֖וֹ kindred his
During his father Terah’s lifetime, Haran died in his native land, in Ur of the Chaldeans.
Here: This means the place and the people a person was born into. Haran died at home among his own clan, the same 'kindred' Abram will be told to leave in 12:1.
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Genesis 12:1 וּמִמּֽוֹלַדְתְּךָ֖ and from kindred your
Then the LORD said to Abram, “Leave your country, your kindred, and your father’s household, and go to the land I will show you.
Here: From the root 'to give birth'. It means the people you were born among: your clan and relatives, and also the place you were born. It is a tighter circle than 'land'.
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Genesis 24:4 מוֹלַדְתִּ֖י kindred my
but will go to my country and my kindred to take a wife for my son Isaac.”
Here: 'My kindred'. The word comes from the verb 'to give birth', so it means the people Abraham is related to by birth, his clan. It deliberately echoes God's call in Gen 12:1 to leave 'your land and your kindred'.
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Genesis 24:7 מֽוֹלַדְתִּי֒ kindred my
The LORD, the God of heaven, who brought me from my father’s house and my native land, who spoke to me and promised me on oath, saying, ‘To your offspring I will give this land’—He will send His angel before you so that you can take a wife for my son from there.
Here: From the root 'to give birth'. It means both where one was born and the relatives one was born among. 'Land of my moledet' is the country of Abraham's kin, the very place the servant is being sent to (v.4).
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Genesis 31:3 וּלְמוֹלַדְתֶּ֑ךָ and to kindred your
Then the LORD said to Jacob, “Go back to the land of your fathers and to your kindred, and I will be with you.”
Here: From the verb 'to give birth', it means the family and place you were born into. For Jacob that means Isaac, his household and Esau, in the land where Jacob was born. The same word was used when Abraham was told to leave his own birth-family (12:1).
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Genesis 31:13 מוֹלַדְתֶּֽךָ׃ kindred your
I am the God of Bethel, where you anointed the pillar and made a solemn vow to Me. Now get up, leave this land at once, and return to your native land.’”
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Genesis 32:9 וּלְמוֹלַדְתְּךָ֖ and to kindred your
Then Jacob declared, “O God of my father Abraham, God of my father Isaac, the LORD who told me, ‘Go back to your country and to your kindred, and I will make you prosper,’
Here: 'And to your kindred', the family and clan he was born into. That family includes Esau, the brother he is afraid of, so going back to his kindred is exactly what frightens him.
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Genesis 43:7 וּלְמֽוֹלַדְתֵּ֜נוּ and of kindred our
They replied, “The man questioned us in detail about ourselves and our family: ‘Is your father still alive? Do you have another brother?’ And we answered him accordingly. How could we possibly know that he would say, ‘Bring your brother here’?”
Here: 'And concerning our birth-family', meaning the family circle they were born into. The questioning went past the men standing there to the whole household back home.
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Genesis 48:6 וּמוֹלַדְתְּךָ֛ and offspring your
Any children born to you after them shall be yours, and they shall be called by the names of their brothers in the territory they inherit.
Leviticus · 3
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Leviticus 18:9 מוֹלֶ֣דֶת מוֹלֶ֣דֶת one born of, one born
You must not have sexual relations with your sister, either your father’s daughter or your mother’s daughter, whether she was born in the same home or elsewhere.
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Leviticus 18:11 מוֹלֶ֣דֶת one born of
You must not have sexual relations with the daughter of your father’s wife, born to your father; she is your sister.
Numbers · 1
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Numbers 10:30 מוֹלַדְתִּ֖י kindred my
“I will not go,” Hobab replied. “Instead, I am going back to my own land and my own people.”
Ruth · 1
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Ruth 2:11 מֽוֹלַדְתֵּ֔ךְ kindred your
Boaz replied, “I have been made fully aware of all you have done for your mother-in-law since the death of your husband, how you left your father and mother and the land of your birth, and how you came to a people you did not know before.
Here: “Your kindred / birth.” The word covers both birthplace and the clan you are born into. “Land of your moledet” means the homeland where your relatives are. The phrase closely echoes God's call to Abram in Genesis 12:1.
Esther · 3
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Esther 2:10 מֽוֹלַדְתָּ֑הּ kindred her
Esther did not reveal her people or her lineage, because Mordecai had instructed her not to do so.
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Esther 2:20 מֽוֹלַדְתָּהּ֙ kindred her
Esther still had not revealed her lineage or her people, just as Mordecai had instructed. She obeyed Mordecai’s command, as she had done under his care.
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Esther 8:6 מוֹלַדְתִּֽי׃ ס kindred my
For how could I bear to see the disaster that would befall my people? How could I bear to see the destruction of my kindred?”
Jeremiah · 2
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Jeremiah 22:10 מוֹלַדְתּֽוֹ׃ ס kindred his
Do not weep for him who is dead; do not mourn his loss. Weep bitterly for him who is exiled, for he will never return to see his native land.
Here: 'His birth/kindred.' Together with 'land' it means the land where he was born and where his family and clan belong, the place of his people and his ancestors' graves.
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Jeremiah 46:16 מֽוֹלַדְתֵּ֔נוּ kindred our
They continue to stumble; indeed, they have fallen over one another. They say, ‘Get up! Let us return to our people and to the land of our birth, away from the sword of the oppressor.’
Ezekiel · 3
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Ezekiel 16:3 וּמֹ֣לְדֹתַ֔יִךְ and birth<s> your
and tell her that this is what the Lord GOD says to Jerusalem: Your origin and your birth were in the land of the Canaanites. Your father was an Amorite and your mother a Hittite.
Here: 'And your births': her birth, her family line and her birthplace all at once. Verse 4 picks the word up again to begin the picture of a newborn left unwashed.
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Ezekiel 16:4 וּמוֹלְדוֹתַ֗יִךְ and birth<s> your
On the day of your birth your cord was not cut, nor were you washed with water for cleansing. You were not rubbed with salt or wrapped in cloths.
Here: 'And as for your birth(s)', placed first to announce the topic. It picks up the same word from verse 3 ('your origin and your birth'), where it meant descent and family background. Here it narrows to the actual event of being born. The plural is idiomatic, like English 'your beginnings'.
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Ezekiel 23:15 מוֹלַדְתָּֽם׃ kindred their
wearing belts on their waists and flowing turbans on their heads; all of them looked like officers of the Babylonians in Chaldea, the land of their birth.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.