נָדַח

Deuteronomy 4:19 וְנִדַּחְתָּ֛ and you will be drawn aside

When you look to the heavens and see the sun and moon and stars—all the host of heaven—do not be enticed to bow down and worship what the LORD your God has apportioned to all the nations under heaven.

Here: 'And you are pushed off course'. The verb is passive, as if a force carries you away from the path. The same verb is used for scattered exiles and strayed sheep, and for being led off into idolatry (Deut 13:5, 13; 30:17).

Deuteronomy 13:5 לְהַדִּֽיחֲךָ֙ to thrust aside you

Such a prophet or dreamer must be put to death, because he has advocated rebellion against the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt and redeemed you from the house of slavery; he has tried to turn you from the way in which the LORD your God has commanded you to walk. So you must purge the evil from among you.

Here: 'To drive you (singular) away': push off course, lure astray. Deuteronomy uses the same verb for being scattered into exile (Deut 30:1, 4). The prophet does to Israel what exile would do.

Deuteronomy 13:10 לְהַדִּֽיחֲךָ֙ to thrust aside you

Stone him to death for trying to turn you away from the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery.

Deuteronomy 13:13 וַיַּדִּ֛יחוּ and they have thrust aside

that wicked men have arisen from among you and have led the people of their city astray, saying, “Let us go and serve other gods” (which you have not known),

Here: 'And they have pushed away / led astray.' The verb's basic picture is driving something off its proper path, like scattering a flock. Here it works by persuasive speech (see 'saying' that follows). Deuteronomy uses the same root for Israel being 'banished' into exile (30:1, 4), so seduction and exile are linked by the same word.

Deuteronomy 19:5 וְנִדְּחָ֨ה and it will be impelled

If he goes into the forest with his neighbor to cut timber and swings his axe to chop down a tree, but the blade flies off the handle and strikes and kills his neighbor, he may flee to one of these cities to save his life.

Deuteronomy 20:19 לִנְדֹּ֤חַ by wielding

When you lay siege to a city for an extended time while fighting against it to capture it, you must not destroy its trees by putting an axe to them, because you can eat their fruit. You must not cut them down. Are the trees of the field human, that you should besiege them?

Deuteronomy 22:1 נִדָּחִ֔ים going astray

If you see your brother’s ox or sheep straying, you must not ignore it; be sure to return it to your brother.

Here: A plural participle (a verb used like an adjective): 'being driven off / scattered'. The animals are out of place, cut off from their owner. The same verb describes exiled Israel and 'strayed' sheep elsewhere (Deut 30:4; Ezek 34:4, 16).

Deuteronomy 30:1 הִדִּיחֲךָ֛ he has banished you

“When all these things come upon you—the blessings and curses I have set before you—and you call them to mind in all the nations to which the LORD your God has banished you,

Here: 'He has driven you away.' The word is used of sheep scattered from the flock. The LORD himself is named as the one who drove them out, so exile is not a defeat of Israel's God by foreign gods.

Deuteronomy 30:4 נִֽדַּחֲךָ֖ banished [one] your

Even if you have been banished to the farthest horizon, He will gather you and return you from there.

Deuteronomy 30:17 וְנִדַּחְתָּ֗ and you will be drawn aside

But if your heart turns away and you do not listen, but are drawn away to bow down to other gods and worship them,

2 Samuel 14:13 נִדְּחֽוֹ׃ banished [son] his

The woman asked, “Why have you devised a thing like this against the people of God? When the king says this, does he not convict himself, since he has not brought back his own banished son?

2 Samuel 14:14 יִדַּ֥ח נִדָּֽח׃ he will be cast out, a banished [one]

For we will surely die and be like water poured out on the ground, which cannot be recovered. Yet God does not take away a life, but He devises ways that the banished one may not be cast out from Him.

Here: A passive 'be thrust out, remain driven away'. The word is used for scattered sheep and for exiles.

2 Samuel 15:14 וְהִדִּ֤יחַ and he will thrust

And David said to all the servants with him in Jerusalem, “Arise and let us flee, or we will not escape from Absalom! We must leave quickly, or he will soon overtake us, heap disaster on us, and put the city to the sword.”

2 Kings 17:21 וַיַּדַּ֨ח and he enticed away

When the LORD had torn Israel away from the house of David, they made Jeroboam son of Nebat king, and Jeroboam led Israel away from following the LORD and caused them to commit a great sin.

2 Chronicles 13:9 הִדַּחְתֶּם֙ have you driven out

But did you not drive out the priests of the LORD, the sons of Aaron, and the Levites? And did you not make priests for yourselves as do the peoples of other lands? Now whoever comes to consecrate himself with a young bull and seven rams can become a priest of things that are not gods.

2 Chronicles 21:11 וַיַּדַּ֖ח and he thrust aside

Jehoram had also built high places on the hills of Judah; he had caused the people of Jerusalem to prostitute themselves and had led Judah astray.

Nehemiah 1:9 נִֽדַּחֲכֶ֜ם banished [one] your

but if you return to Me and keep and practice My commandments, then even if your exiles have been banished to the farthest horizon, I will gather them from there and bring them to the place I have chosen as a dwelling for My Name.’

Here: Literally "your driven-away one," a singular word used for the whole group of exiles: "your outcasts." The same root is used for sheep that have strayed or been chased off (Deut 22:1; Ezek 34:4, 16).

Job 6:13 נִדְּחָ֥ה it has been banished

Is there any help within me now that success is driven from me?

Psalm 5:10 הַדִּיחֵ֑מוֹ banish them

Declare them guilty, O God; let them fall by their own devices. Drive them out for their many transgressions, for they have rebelled against You.

Here: "Drive them away": push them out, as a shepherd's flock is scattered or a people is sent into exile. The old poetic ending -mo ("them") gives the line an elevated sound.

Psalm 62:4 לְהַדִּיחַ֮ to thrust [him] down

They fully intend to cast him down from his lofty perch; they delight in lies; with their mouths they bless, but inwardly they curse. Selah

Here: 'To thrust (him) down' or 'push (him) off.' It picks up the image in v. 3 of a leaning wall and a fence being 'pushed' over. In other places the verb means driving someone into exile or ruin.

Psalm 147:2 נִדְחֵ֖י [the] banished [ones] of

The LORD builds up Jerusalem; He gathers the exiles of Israel.

Here: 'The driven-away ones of'. A passive form: these people were pushed out. The same verb describes stray or scattered sheep (Deuteronomy 22:1; Ezekiel 34:4, 16) and Israel being driven out among the nations (Deuteronomy 30:1, 4; Jeremiah 23:3). It means exiles scattered from their land, not the socially rejected.

Proverbs 7:21 תַּדִּיחֶֽנּוּ׃ she impels him

With her great persuasion she entices him; with her flattering lips she lures him.

Here: 'She drives him off / thrusts him out (of the way).' It is a strong verb. Elsewhere it is used for scattering exiles and for luring Israel away from God (Deut 13:5, 10, 13). The form describes ongoing action: having bent him, she now pushes him along, and he is herded rather than walking.

Isaiah 8:22 מְנֻדָּֽח׃ [it is] thrust out

Then they will look to the earth and see only distress and darkness and the gloom of anguish. And they will be driven into utter darkness.

Here: A passive participle, 'thrust, driven away'. It is masculine singular, so it most naturally describes the man: he is shoved into the thick darkness, not walking into it. The root is a standard word for people banished or scattered from their land.

Isaiah 11:12 נִדְחֵ֣י [the] banished [men] of

He will raise a banner for the nations and gather the exiles of Israel; He will collect the scattered of Judah from the four corners of the earth.

Here: "The driven-away ones of." The word is masculine plural and describes people who have been pushed out of their land, like sheep driven off from the flock. It means exiles, not social rejects.

Isaiah 13:14 מֻדָּ֔ח hunted

Like a hunted gazelle, like a sheep without a shepherd, each will return to his own people, each will flee to his native land.

Isaiah 16:3 נִדָּחִ֔ים outcasts

“Give us counsel; render a decision. Shelter us at noonday with shade as dark as night. Hide the refugees; do not betray the one who flees.

Isaiah 16:4 נִדָּחַ֔י outcasts my

Let my fugitives stay with you; be a refuge for Moab from the destroyer.” When the oppressor has gone, destruction has ceased, and the oppressors have vanished from the land,

Isaiah 27:13 וְהַנִּדָּחִ֖ים and the outcasts

And in that day a great ram’s horn will sound, and those who were perishing in Assyria will come forth with those who were exiles in Egypt. And they will worship the LORD on the holy mountain in Jerusalem.

Here: A passive participle meaning those who have been pushed away, banished or scattered. Shepherds used it for animals driven off from the flock. The word stresses that someone forced them out, not that they wandered.

Isaiah 56:8 נִדְחֵ֣י [the] banished [ones] of

Thus declares the Lord GOD, who gathers the dispersed of Israel: “I will gather to them still others besides those already gathered.”

Here: A passive participle, "those who have been driven off." The word is used for strayed or chased-off sheep and for people pushed into exile. Here it means Israelites scattered among the nations by the disaster of exile.

Jeremiah 8:3 הִדַּחְתִּ֣ים I have banished them

And wherever I have banished them, the remnant of this evil family will choose death over life,” declares the LORD of Hosts.

Here: 'I have driven/scattered them' — God himself is the one who disperses them, like a shepherd's flock scattered. Spoken as already done: the exile is that certain.

Jeremiah 16:15 הִדִּיחָ֖ם he had banished them

Instead they will say, ‘As surely as the LORD lives, who brought the Israelites up out of the land of the north and all the other lands to which He had banished them.’ For I will return them to their land that I gave to their forefathers.

Here: 'He had scattered them'. The word suggests a flock driven off and strayed. The exile is presented as God's own act, which is why God can undo it.

Jeremiah 23:2 וַתַּדִּח֔וּם and you have driven away them

Therefore this is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says about the shepherds who tend My people: “You have scattered My flock and driven them away, and have not attended to them. Behold, I will attend to you for the evil of your deeds, declares the LORD.

Here: Causative "thrust out, banish", the verb Deuteronomy and Jeremiah use for exile. In v.3 God uses the same verb of himself: "the lands to which I have banished them."

Jeremiah 23:3 הִדַּ֥חְתִּי I have banished

Then I Myself will gather the remnant of My flock from all the lands to which I have banished them, and I will return them to their pasture, where they will be fruitful and multiply.

Here: 'I have driven away'. The same verb as 'driven them away' in verse 2, but now with God as the subject. The shepherds caused the scattering through neglect, yet God claims the exile as his own act of judgment.

Jeremiah 23:8 הִדַּחְתִּ֖ים I banished them

Instead they will say, ‘As surely as the LORD lives, who brought and led the descendants of the house of Israel up out of the land of the north and all the other lands to which He had banished them.’ Then they will dwell once more in their own land.”

Here: 'I drove them.' The word pictures a flock driven off and scattered. It is first person: God's own voice cuts into the oath the people speak, and he owns the exile as his act.

Jeremiah 24:9 אַדִּיחֵ֥ם I will banish them

I will make them a horror and an offense to all the kingdoms of the earth, a disgrace and an object of scorn, ridicule, and cursing wherever I have banished them.

Here: 'I will drive them away.' Shepherd language for a flock scattered and strayed. God himself is the one who drives them, which turns around the promise of regathering in Jeremiah 23:3.

Jeremiah 27:10 וְהִדַּחְתִּ֥י and I will drive out

For they prophesy to you a lie that will serve to remove you from your land; I will banish you and you will perish.

Jeremiah 27:15 הַדִּיחִ֤י to drive out I

For I have not sent them, declares the LORD, and yet they are prophesying falsely in My name; therefore I will banish you, and you will perish—you and the prophets who prophesy to you.”

Here: 'My driving out': God himself is the one who banishes. This is the language of exile from the land, the scattering threatened in the covenant curses.

Jeremiah 29:14 הִדַּ֧חְתִּי I banished

I will be found by you, declares the LORD, and I will restore you from captivity and gather you from all the nations and places to which I have banished you, declares the LORD. I will restore you to the place from which I sent you into exile.”

Here: 'I drove you out'. It is used for sheep scattered and strayed (Jer 23:2–3; 50:17) and for the exile threatened in Deuteronomy (Deut 30:1, 4). God names himself as the one who did the scattering.

Jeremiah 29:18 הִדַּחְתִּ֥ים I have banished them

I will pursue them with sword and famine and plague. I will make them a horror to all the kingdoms of the earth—a curse, a desolation, and an object of scorn and reproach among all the nations to which I banish them.

Here: 'I have driven them.' The verb is used of scattered sheep. It is in the completed form, as if the exile were already done, and it is the same verb God used a few verses earlier (29:14) when he promised to gather the exiles back.

Jeremiah 30:17 נִדָּחָה֙ an outcast

But I will restore your health and heal your wounds, declares the LORD, because they call you an outcast, Zion, for whom no one cares.”

Here: A feminine form, "the one who has been driven off". The word is used for a stray or scattered animal and for exiles. Here it works as a mocking nickname, "Banished One".

Jeremiah 32:37 הִדַּחְתִּ֥ים I have banished them

I will surely gather My people from all the lands to which I have banished them in My furious anger and great wrath, and I will return them to this place and make them dwell in safety.

Here: 'I drove them away.' God openly owns the exile as his act. The verb is used of strayed or scattered sheep. It is in the completed-action form even though Jerusalem has not yet fallen: the banishment is spoken of as settled, and northern Israel (722 BC) and the first Judean deportees (597 BC) were already gone.

Jeremiah 40:12 נִדְּחוּ־ they had been driven away

they all returned from all the places to which they had been banished and came to the land of Judah, to Gedaliah at Mizpah. And they gathered an abundance of wine grapes and summer fruit.

Jeremiah 43:5 נִדְּחוּ־ they had been driven away

Instead, Johanan son of Kareah and all the commanders of the forces took the whole remnant of Judah, those who had returned to the land of Judah from all the nations to which they had been scattered,

Here: A passive form: 'they had been thrust out, banished'. It is a strong word for being forced out, not just drifting away. In Jeremiah the one who does the driving is often God himself ('where I have driven them', 23:3), carrying out the punishment the covenant warned of.

Jeremiah 46:28 הִדַּחְתִּ֣יךָ I have driven away you

And you, My servant Jacob, do not be afraid, declares the LORD, for I am with you. Though I will completely destroy all the nations to which I have banished you, I will not completely destroy you. Yet I will discipline you justly, and will by no means leave you unpunished.”

Here: “I drove you out.” God owns the exile as his own act. The word is used for scattered sheep, and in Deuteronomy for the exile God promises to reverse.

Jeremiah 49:5 וְנִדַּחְתֶּם֙ and you will be driven away

Behold, I am about to bring terror upon you, declares the Lord GOD of Hosts, from all those around you. You will each be driven headlong, with no one to regather the fugitives.

Jeremiah 49:36 נִדְּחֵ֥י [the] outcasts of

I will bring the four winds against Elam from the four corners of the heavens, and I will scatter them to all these winds. There will not be a nation to which Elam’s exiles will not go.

Jeremiah 50:17 הִדִּ֑יחוּ they have driven away

Israel is a scattered flock, chased away by lions. The first to devour him was the king of Assyria; the last to crush his bones was Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon.”

Here: 'They have driven [it] away.' This is the verb Jeremiah and Deuteronomy normally use for driving Israel into exile, here placed inside the picture of a sheep chased off by lions.

Ezekiel 4:13 אַדִּיחֵ֖ם I will banish them

Then the LORD said, “This is how the Israelites will eat their defiled bread among the nations to which I will banish them.”

Ezekiel 34:4 הַנִּדַּ֙חַת֙ the strayed [one]

You have not strengthened the weak, healed the sick, bound up the injured, brought back the strays, or searched for the lost. Instead, you have ruled them with violence and cruelty.

Here: 'The driven-off one': not simply a sheep that wandered off, but one that has been pushed or scattered away. In Deuteronomy and the prophets this is the standard word for Israelites banished into exile (Deut 30:4; Jer 23:2-3).

Ezekiel 34:16 הַנִּדַּ֣חַת the strayed [one]

I will seek the lost, bring back the strays, bind up the broken, and strengthen the weak; but the sleek and strong I will destroy. I will shepherd them with justice.’

Here: 'The one driven off / scattered'. The word is used of stray livestock (Deuteronomy 22:1) and also of exiles 'banished' among the nations (Deuteronomy 30:4). Both meanings are present here: straying sheep and deported Judeans.

Daniel 9:7 הִדַּחְתָּ֣ם you have banished them

To You, O Lord, belongs righteousness, but this day we are covered with shame—the men of Judah, the people of Jerusalem, and all Israel near and far, in all the countries to which You have driven us because of our unfaithfulness to You.

Here: "You have driven/scattered them." The verb form makes God the one who causes it. Exile is described as God's act, in the language Moses and Jeremiah used, and it often carries the picture of a scattered flock.

Joel 2:20 וְהִדַּחְתִּיו֮ and I will drive away it

The northern army I will drive away from you, banishing it to a barren and desolate land, its front ranks into the Eastern Sea, and its rear guard into the Western Sea. And its stench will rise; its foul odor will ascend. For He has done great things.

Here: A verb often used for scattering or banishing people into exile (Deut 30:1; Jer 8:3). The invader now gets the fate it threatened Israel with.

Micah 4:6 וְהַנִּדָּחָ֖ה and the [one who is] outcast

“On that day,” declares the LORD, “I will gather the lame; I will assemble the outcast, even those whom I have afflicted.

Here: 'And the driven-off one (she)': the passive form of a verb for driving out, banishing, or a sheep straying from the flock. Here the people forced out of their land and scattered.

Zephaniah 3:19 וְהַנִּדָּחָה֙ and the outcast [person]

Behold, at that time, I will deal with all who afflict you. I will save the lame and gather the scattered; and I will appoint praise and fame for the disgraced throughout the earth.

Here: 'And the one driven off'. This is a sheep that has strayed or been chased from the flock (Deuteronomy 22:1), and so also a people driven into exile (Deuteronomy 30:4).