סָרַר

Deuteronomy 21:18 סוֹרֵ֣ר stubborn

If a man has a stubborn and rebellious son who does not obey his father and mother and does not listen to them when disciplined,

Here: A participle, so it describes an ongoing condition: someone who keeps resisting and refuses to be led. Hosea 4:16 uses it of a stubborn heifer that will not take the yoke.

Deuteronomy 21:20 סוֹרֵ֣ר [is] stubborn

and say to the elders, “This son of ours is stubborn and rebellious; he does not obey us. He is a glutton and a drunkard.”

Here: A participle (a verb form describing an ongoing state), so it means 'one who keeps turning away.' Hosea uses the same verb for a stubborn heifer that will not take the yoke (Hos 4:16). The picture is of balking at guidance, more than a single act of disobedience.

Nehemiah 9:29 סוֹרֶ֔רֶת stubborn

You admonished them to turn back to Your law, but they were arrogant and disobeyed Your commandments. They sinned against Your ordinances, by which a man will live if he practices them. They turned a stubborn shoulder; they stiffened their necks and would not obey.

Here: 'A rebelling shoulder.' The same root describes Israel as 'a stubborn heifer' in Hos 4:16, and the 'stubborn and rebellious son' of Deut 21:18. It pictures an ox that shrugs off or twists away from the yoke.

Psalm 66:7 הַסּוֹרְרִ֓ים׀ the rebellious [people]

He rules forever by His power; His eyes watch the nations. Do not let the rebellious exalt themselves. Selah

Here: 'The stubborn / refractory ones.' This is the word for the 'stubborn and rebellious son' of Deut 21:18 and the 'stubborn heifer' of Hos 4:16. It describes a fixed, persistent refusal to submit to rightful authority. Here it means nations or people who will not accept God's rule.

Psalm 68:6 ס֝וֹרֲרִ֗ים rebellious [people]

God settles the lonely in families; He leads the prisoners out to prosperity, but the rebellious dwell in a sun-scorched land.

Here: People who stubbornly refuse allegiance. It is the word for the 'stubborn and rebellious son' of Deut 21:18 and for Israel's 'stubborn generation' in the wilderness (Ps 78:8).

Psalm 68:18 ס֝וֹרְרִ֗ים rebellious [people]

You have ascended on high; You have led captives away. You have received gifts from men, even from the rebellious, that the LORD God may dwell there.

Here: 'Rebels, the stubborn.' The same word appears in v.6, where 'the rebellious dwell in a sun-scorched land'. Here those very rebels are caught up in God's triumph, either bringing tribute or being brought near his dwelling.

Psalm 78:8 סוֹרֵ֪ר stubborn

Then they will not be like their fathers, a stubborn and rebellious generation, whose heart was not loyal, whose spirit was not faithful to God.

Here: Participle: "being stubborn," a settled trait, not a single act. The picture is of an animal that will not stay in the furrow (Hos 4:16). Together with the next word, it repeats the legal phrase for the incorrigible son of Deuteronomy 21:18.

Proverbs 7:11 וְסֹרָ֑רֶת and rebellious

She is loud and defiant; her feet do not remain at home.

Here: 'And refractory': she refuses the authority and limits she owes others. It is the same word used for the 'stubborn and rebellious son' of Deuteronomy 21 and the heifer that will not take the yoke in Hosea 4:16. In context she has thrown off her obligations to her husband (v. 19) and to the community.

Isaiah 1:23 סוֹרְרִ֗ים [are] rebels

Your rulers are rebels, friends of thieves. They all love bribes and chasing after rewards. They do not defend the fatherless, and the plea of the widow never comes before them.

Here: 'Stubborn rebels.' The word means refusing to be directed, like a balking animal or a son who will not obey. It also rhymes with the word before it: sarim sorerim, 'officials who are rebels'. The men who should be in charge will not be ruled themselves.

Isaiah 30:1 סֽוֹרְרִים֙ [who are] rebellious

“Woe to the rebellious children,” declares the LORD, “to those who carry out a plan that is not Mine, who form an alliance, but against My will, heaping up sin upon sin.

Here: A participle, so it describes an ongoing character: sons who keep defying their father. It echoes the 'stubborn and rebellious son' of Deuteronomy 21:18–21, a son who had forfeited his place in the family.

Isaiah 65:2 סוֹרֵ֑ר rebellious

All day long I have held out My hands to an obstinate people who walk in the wrong path, who follow their own imaginations,

Here: 'Stubborn, defiant.' The word for a child or animal that will not be led. It recalls the 'stubborn and rebellious son' of Deuteronomy 21:18 and the 'stubborn children' of Isaiah 30:1, so the scene is a parent pleading with a defiant child.

Jeremiah 5:23 סוֹרֵ֣ר stubborn

But these people have stubborn and rebellious hearts. They have turned aside and gone away.

Jeremiah 6:28 סֽוֹרְרִ֔ים rebels

All are hardened rebels, walking around as slanderers. They are bronze and iron; all of them are corrupt.

Here: The word the Torah uses for the 'stubborn and rebellious son' (Deut 21:18) and for a balky heifer that will not take the yoke (Hos 4:16). It describes settled, wilful refusal, not a single slip.

Hosea 4:16 סֹֽרֵרָ֔ה סָרַ֖ר stubborn, it is stubborn

For Israel is as obstinate as a stubborn heifer. Can the LORD now shepherd them like lambs in an open meadow?

Here: A cow that won't be led: it plants its feet, pulls against the rope and turns aside. The participle describes a fixed character, not a single bad moment.

Hosea 9:15 סֹרְרִֽים׃ [are] rebellious

All their evil appears at Gilgal, for there I hated them. I will drive them from My house for the wickedness of their deeds. I will no longer love them; all their leaders are rebellious.

Here: 'Rebels, stubborn ones'. It makes a sound-play with śārêhem: śārêhem sōrərîm, 'their princes are rebels' (the same pun appears in Isa 1:23). It recalls the 'stubborn and rebellious son' of Deut 21:18 and the 'stubborn heifer' of Hos 4:16.

Zechariah 7:11 סֹרָ֑רֶת stubborn

But they refused to pay attention and turned a stubborn shoulder; they stopped up their ears from hearing.

Here: "Rebelling, stubborn." A participle, which describes an ongoing stance rather than one moment. The same word describes a heifer that will not be driven (Hos 4:16) and the "stubborn and rebellious son" of Deut 21:18. It means defiance of rightful authority, not just a hard personality.