פָּרַד

Genesis 2:10 יִפָּרֵ֔ד <it> divided

Now a river flowed out of Eden to water the garden, and from there it branched into four headwaters:

Genesis 10:5 נִפְרְד֞וּ they separated

From these, the maritime peoples separated into their territories, according to their languages, by clans within their nations.

Here: A completed action: they parted from one another and went their own ways. The form can mean 'were separated' or 'separated themselves', and it does not name anyone doing the dividing.

Genesis 10:32 נִפְרְד֧וּ they separated

All these are the clans of Noah’s sons, according to their generations and nations. From these the nations of the earth spread out after the flood.

Here: 'They separated / branched apart' (a passive-reflexive form, completed action). The picture is of peoples branching off from a common stock and spreading into separate territories, like a river dividing into streams (2:10, same verb).

Genesis 13:9 הִפָּ֥רֶד separate

Is not the whole land before you? Now separate yourself from me. If you go to the left, I will go to the right; if you go to the right, I will go to the left.”

Here: A command form that means 'part from me, go your own way'. It is a spatial parting, the way herds, peoples or rivers spread apart. It is not a break in the relationship. The command is addressed to Lot, so Lot is the one who moves off.

Genesis 13:11 וַיִּפָּ֣רְד֔וּ and they separated

So Lot chose the whole plain of the Jordan for himself and set out toward the east. And Abram and Lot parted company.

Genesis 13:14 הִפָּֽרֶד־ separated

After Lot had departed, the LORD said to Abram, “Now lift up your eyes from the place where you are, and look to the north and south and east and west,

Here: 'The separating of', a verb used here like a noun. The same written form is Abram's own request in verse 9, 'please separate from me', so the narrator is pointing back to that offer.

Genesis 25:23 יִפָּרֵ֑דוּ they will separate

and He declared to her: “Two nations are in your womb, and two peoples from within you will be separated; one people will be stronger than the other, and the older will serve the younger.”

Here: 'Will be separated / will part ways': the same verb used when the nations branch apart in Gen 10:5, 32 and when Abram and Lot separate in Gen 13. The twins will not stay one family-people. From birth onward they go different ways.

Genesis 30:40 הִפְרִ֣יד he separated

Jacob set apart the young, but made the rest face the streaked dark-colored sheep in Laban’s flocks. Then he set his own stock apart and did not put them with Laban’s animals.

Deuteronomy 32:8 בְּהַפְרִיד֖וֹ when separated he

When the Most High gave the nations their inheritance, when He divided the sons of man, He set the boundaries of the peoples according to the number of the sons of God.

Here: "When he separated / spread apart." It uses the same verb root as Genesis 10:5, 32, where the nations "spread out / were divided" after the Flood, and so recalls the Babel scattering.

Judges 4:11 נִפְרָ֣ד [was] separate

Now Heber the Kenite had moved away from the Kenites, the descendants of Hobab the father-in-law of Moses, and had pitched his tent by the great tree of Zaanannim, which was near Kedesh.

Ruth 1:17 יַפְרִ֖יד it will separate

Where you die, I will die, and there I will be buried. May the LORD punish me, and ever so severely, if anything but death separates you and me.”

Here: "Will separate." The same verb is used when companions part ways, as with Abram and Lot (Gen 13), or Elijah and Elisha when the chariot came between them (2 Kgs 2:11).

2 Samuel 1:23 נִפְרָ֑דוּ they were separated

Saul and Jonathan, beloved and delightful in life, were not divided in death. They were swifter than eagles; they were stronger than lions.

2 Kings 2:11 וַיַּפְרִ֖דוּ and they separated

As they were walking along and talking together, suddenly a chariot of fire with horses of fire appeared and separated the two of them, and Elijah went up into heaven in a whirlwind.

Here: A causative, plural verb whose subject is the chariot(ry) and horses: 'they drove a separation' between the men. This is the fiery force's only stated action in the verse. It parts the two men; it is not said to carry anyone.

Nehemiah 4:19 נִפְרָדִים֙ [are] separate

Then I said to the nobles, the officials, and the rest of the people: “The work is great and extensive, and we are spread out far from one another along the wall.

Here: A participle describing an ongoing state: 'we are separated, split up'. It names the danger: a divided force can be picked off one section at a time.

Esther 3:8 וּמְפֹרָד֙ and separated

Then Haman informed King Xerxes, “There is a certain people scattered and dispersed among the peoples of every province of your kingdom. Their laws are different from everyone else’s, and they do not obey the king’s laws. So it is not in the king’s best interest to tolerate them.

Here: 'Divided off, set apart.' It may mean geographically dispersed, or socially distinct and kept apart. Coming right after 'scattered', it suggests both: everywhere, yet never blending in.

Job 4:11 יִתְפָּרָֽדוּ׃ they are scattered

The old lion perishes for lack of prey, and the cubs of the lioness are scattered.

Job 41:17 יִתְפָּרָֽדוּ׃ they are separated

They are joined to one another; they clasp and cannot be separated.

Psalm 22:14 וְהִתְפָּֽרְד֗וּ and they have become dislocated

I am poured out like water, and all my bones are disjointed. My heart is like wax; it melts away within me.

Here: A reflexive form of 'to separate, divide': the bones 'have pulled apart from one another'. It is the opposite of a body held together. Whether this means actual dislocated joints or the feeling of a body falling to pieces, the picture is a frame that no longer holds.

Psalm 92:9 יִ֝תְפָּרְד֗וּ they will be scattered

For surely Your enemies, O LORD, surely Your enemies will perish; all evildoers will be scattered.

Here: The verb form is reflexive: they come apart, they disperse. The picture is a hostile band falling apart and scattering, the way a routed army or a broken pack does.

Proverbs 16:28 מַפְרִ֥יד [is] separating

A perverse man spreads dissension, and a gossip divides close friends.

Here: This form means 'causes to separate'. As a participle it describes an ongoing character trait: he is a divider. The same verb is used when Abram and Lot part ways (Gen 13:9, 11, 14). Here the whisperer brings about that kind of parting between intimates.

Proverbs 17:9 מַפְרִ֥יד [is] separating

Whoever conceals an offense promotes love, but he who brings it up separates friends.

Here: A causative participle, 'one who causes separation.' The repeater actively drives a wedge. The same verb describes Abram and Lot parting ways (Genesis 13:9–11).

Proverbs 18:1 נִפְרָ֑ד [one who] separates himself

He who isolates himself pursues selfish desires; he rebels against all sound judgment.

Here: A participle used as a noun: 'the one who has separated himself' or 'the one who is estranged'. The same verb describes Lot parting from Abram (Gen 13) and friends being split apart (Prov 16:28; 17:9; 19:4). It is relational: a man who has broken away from his circle, not just someone who happens to be alone.

Proverbs 18:18 יַפְרִֽיד׃ it separates

Casting the lot ends quarrels and separates strong opponents.

Proverbs 19:4 יִפָּרֵֽד׃ he is separated

Wealth attracts many friends, but a poor man is deserted by his friend.

Here: A passive or reflexive form, 'is parted from'. The word for separating people or things that had been joined, it ends the verse. Where wealth 'adds', poverty divides.

Ezekiel 1:11 פְּרֻד֖וֹת [were] spread out

Such were their faces. Their wings were spread upward; each had two wings touching the wings of the creature on either side, and two wings covering its body.

Here: A passive participle: the wings were 'held parted'. They were opened out and extended, not folded against the body. The verb's basic idea is division, as with a river that 'divides' in Genesis 2:10, so the picture is wings opened wide apart.

Hosea 4:14 יְפָרֵ֔דוּ they go apart

I will not punish your daughters when they prostitute themselves, nor your daughters-in-law when they commit adultery. For the men themselves go off with prostitutes and offer sacrifices with shrine prostitutes. So a people without understanding will come to ruin.