פָּרַץ

Genesis 28:14 וּפָרַצְתָּ֛ and you will spread out

Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth, and you will spread out to the west and east and north and south. All the families of the earth will be blessed through you and your offspring.

Here: A forceful verb: to breach, to burst through a wall or boundary. Jacob, in the person of his descendants, will burst his limits like water breaking out of its banks. The same verb later describes Jacob's sudden wealth (30:30, 43) and Israel's growth in Egypt (Exodus 1:12).

Genesis 30:30 וַיִּפְרֹ֣ץ and it has increased

Indeed, you had very little before my arrival, but now your wealth has increased many times over. The LORD has blessed you wherever I set foot. But now, when may I also provide for my own household?”

Genesis 30:43 וַיִּפְרֹ֥ץ and he increased

Thus Jacob became exceedingly prosperous. He owned large flocks, maidservants and menservants, and camels and donkeys.

Here: The man's growth is pictured as something bursting its limits, not a steady climb. It is the same verb form Jacob used to Laban in 30:30, and the same verb God used in his promise at Bethel in 28:14.

Genesis 38:29 פָּרַ֖צְתָּ you have made a breach

But when he pulled his hand back and his brother came out, she said, “You have broken out first!” So he was named Perez.

Exodus 1:12 יִפְרֹ֑ץ it spread

But the more they were oppressed, the more they multiplied and flourished; so the Egyptians came to dread the Israelites.

Here: 'He kept breaking out / bursting his bounds.' The root pictures breaking through a wall or a dam, so this is growth that spills over every limit set for it. It echoes God's promise to Jacob, 'you will spread out (u-faratsta) west and east' (Gen 28:14).

Exodus 19:22 יִפְרֹ֥ץ he should break out

Even the priests who approach the LORD must consecrate themselves, or the LORD will break out against them.”

Exodus 19:24 יִפְרָץ־ he should break out

And the LORD replied, “Go down and bring Aaron with you. But the priests and the people must not break through to come up to the LORD, or He will break out against them.”

1 Samuel 3:1 נִפְרָֽץ׃ ס [was] spread out

And the boy Samuel ministered to the LORD before Eli. Now in those days the word of the LORD was rare, and visions were scarce.

Here: A passive participle of 'to break through, burst out, spread'. This form occurs only here, so its exact sense is debated. It means a vision that broke out, was widespread or frequent, or spread abroad. The point is that revelation was not getting through to the people.

1 Samuel 25:10 הַמִּתְפָּ֣רְצִ֔ים who break away

But Nabal asked them, “Who is David? Who is this son of Jesse? Many servants these days are breaking away from their masters.

Here: “The ones tearing themselves loose.” The root means to break through or breach, as in a wall. This form, which turns the action back on the doer, appears only here in the Bible. It pictures a subordinate who breaks free of his obligations, a deserter rather than someone who left honourably.

1 Samuel 28:23 וַיִּפְרְצוּ־ and they urged

Saul refused, saying, “I will not eat.” But his servants joined the woman in urging him, and he heeded their voice. He got up from the ground and sat on the bed.

2 Samuel 5:20 פָּרַ֨ץ he has burst through

So David went to Baal-perazim, where he defeated the Philistines and said, “Like a bursting flood, the LORD has burst out against my enemies before me.” So he called that place Baal-perazim.

2 Samuel 6:8 פָּרַ֧ץ he had broken out

Then David became angry because the LORD had burst forth against Uzzah. So he named that place Perez-uzzah, as it is called to this day.

2 Samuel 13:25 וַיִּפְרָץ־ and he urged

“No, my son,” the king replied, “we should not all go, or we would be a burden to you.” Although Absalom urged him, he was not willing to go, but gave him his blessing.

Here: Literally "and he broke through". With "on him" it means Absalom pressed David hard and kept insisting. The verb usually describes breaching a wall, so the pressure it implies is forceful.

2 Samuel 13:27 וַיִּפְרָץ־ and he urged

But Absalom urged him, so the king sent Amnon and the rest of his sons.

2 Kings 5:23 וַיִּפְרָץ־ and he urged

But Naaman insisted, “Please, take two talents.” And he urged Gehazi to accept them. Then he tied up two talents of silver in two bags along with two sets of clothing and gave them to two of his servants, who carried them ahead of Gehazi.

2 Kings 14:13 וַיִּפְרֹץ֩ and he made a breach

There at Beth-shemesh, Jehoash king of Israel captured Amaziah king of Judah, the son of Joash, the son of Ahaziah. Then Jehoash went to Jerusalem and broke down the wall of Jerusalem from the Ephraim Gate to the Corner Gate—a section of four hundred cubits.

1 Chronicles 4:38 פָּרְצ֖וּ they spread out

These men listed by name were the leaders of their clans. Their families increased greatly,

1 Chronicles 13:2 נִפְרְצָה֙ let us spread out

And he said to the whole assembly of Israel, “If it seems good to you, and if this is of the LORD our God, let us send word far and wide to the rest of our brothers in all the land of Israel, and also to the priests and Levites in their cities and pasturelands, so that they may join us.

1 Chronicles 13:11 פָרַ֧ץ he had broken out

Then David became angry because the LORD had burst forth against Uzzah. So he named that place Perez-uzzah, as it is called to this day.

Here: The picture is a wall or barrier bursting open. Yahweh 'broke out': his holy power burst through and struck. The completed-action form looks back on the event from verse 10.

1 Chronicles 14:11 פָּרַ֨ץ he has burst out against

So David and his men went up to Baal-perazim, where he defeated the Philistines and said, “Like a bursting flood, God has burst out against my enemies by my hand.” So they called that place Baal-perazim.

Here: The key verb. It means to make a breach, as when a wall gives way or water bursts its bank. The form is a completed action: 'God has broken through.' It is the same verb Chronicles has just used for God bursting out against Uzzah (13:11).

1 Chronicles 15:13 פָּרַ֨ץ he burst out

It was because you Levites were not with us the first time that the LORD our God burst forth in anger against us. For we did not consult Him about the proper order.”

Here: The verb of a wall being breached or water bursting its banks. It recalls Uzza's death and the place name Perez-uzza, "Breach of Uzza" (13:11). The picture is lethal holiness breaking out of its proper limits.

2 Chronicles 11:23 וַיִּפְרֹ֨ץ and he distributed

Rehoboam also acted wisely by dispersing some of his sons throughout the districts of Judah and Benjamin, and to all the fortified cities. He gave them abundant provisions and sought many wives for them.

2 Chronicles 20:37 פָּרַ֤ץ he will break

Then Eliezer son of Dodavahu of Mareshah prophesied against Jehoshaphat, saying, “Because you have allied yourself with Ahaziah, the LORD has destroyed your works.” So the ships were wrecked and were unable to sail to Tarshish.

2 Chronicles 24:7 פָרְצ֖וּ they had broken into

For the sons of that wicked woman Athaliah had broken into the house of God and had even used the sacred objects of the house of the LORD for the Baals.

2 Chronicles 25:23 וַיִּפְרֹ֞ץ and he made a breach

There at Beth-shemesh, Jehoash king of Israel captured Amaziah king of Judah, the son of Joash, the son of Jehoahaz. Then Jehoash brought him to Jerusalem and broke down the wall of Jerusalem from the Ephraim Gate to the Corner Gate—a section of four hundred cubits.

2 Chronicles 26:6 וַיִּפְרֹ֞ץ and he made a breach in

Uzziah went out to wage war against the Philistines, and he tore down the walls of Gath, Jabneh, and Ashdod. Then he built cities near Ashdod and among the Philistines.

2 Chronicles 31:5 וְכִפְרֹ֣ץ and just as spread

As soon as the order went out, the Israelites generously provided the firstfruits of the grain, new wine, oil, and honey, and of all the produce of the field, and they brought in an abundance—a tithe of everything.

Here: A verb for something breaking through a barrier or spilling over its limits, here used of news spreading. The prefix 'as' ties the people's response directly to the moment the word got out.

2 Chronicles 32:5 הַפְּרוּצָ֜ה which was broken down

Then Hezekiah worked resolutely to rebuild all the broken sections of the wall and to raise up towers on it. He also built an outer wall and reinforced the supporting terraces of the City of David, and he produced an abundance of weapons and shields.

Here: Passive participle, 'the breached', 'the broken-through'. It describes gaps where the wall had been broken open, whether by an earlier enemy or by decay.

Nehemiah 1:3 מְפֹרָ֔צֶת [has been] broken down

And they told me, “The remnant who survived the exile are there in the province, in great trouble and disgrace. The wall of Jerusalem is broken down, and its gates have been burned with fire.”

Here: A passive participle describing a lasting state: the wall stands breached, full of gaps. It was broken through in places, not necessarily levelled.

Nehemiah 4:3 וּפָרַ֖ץ and it will break down

Then Tobiah the Ammonite, who was beside him, said, “If even a fox were to climb up on what they are building, it would break down their wall of stones!”

Nehemiah 4:7 הַפְּרֻצִ֖ים the broken down [parts]

When Sanballat and Tobiah, together with the Arabs, Ammonites, and Ashdodites, heard that the repair to the walls of Jerusalem was progressing and that the gaps were being closed, they were furious,

Here: "The broken-through places," the gaps smashed open in the walls. Literally "the breached [sections]," the holes an army or raiders could walk through.

Job 1:10 פָּרַ֥ץ it has spread out

Have You not placed a hedge on every side around him and his household and all that he owns? You have blessed the work of his hands, and his possessions have increased in the land.

Here: 'Has burst out' or 'has spread.' The verb is used for breaking through walls, and for herds and families multiplying beyond all bounds (Gen 30:30, 43). Job's flocks have overflowed across the land.

Job 16:14 יִפְרְצֵ֣נִי he breaks through me

He breaks me with wound upon wound; He rushes me like a mighty warrior.

Job 28:4 פָּ֤רַץ he breaks open

Far from human habitation he cuts a shaft in places forgotten by the foot of man. Far from men he dangles and sways.

Psalm 60:1 פְרַצְתָּ֑נוּ you have broken out against us

For the choirmaster. To the tune of “The Lily of the Covenant.” A Miktam of David for instruction. When he fought Aram-naharaim and Aram-zobah, and Joab returned and struck down 12,000 Edomites in the Valley of Salt. You have rejected us, O God; You have broken us; You have been angry; restore us!

Here: "You have breached us": the picture is a city wall broken open, or God "bursting out" against someone as he did against Uzzah (2 Sam 6:8). Israel's defenses lie open, and God himself is named as the one who knocked them down.

Psalm 80:12 פָּרַ֣צְתָּ have you broken down

Why have You broken down its walls, so that all who pass by pick its fruit?

Psalm 89:40 פָּרַ֥צְתָּ you have broken through

You have broken down all his walls; You have reduced his strongholds to rubble.

Psalm 106:29 וַתִּפְרָץ־ and it broke out

So they provoked the LORD to anger with their deeds, and a plague broke out among them.

Proverbs 3:10 יִפְרֹֽצוּ׃ פ they will burst open

then your barns will be filled with plenty, and your vats will overflow with new wine.

Here: A strong verb for breaching a wall or bursting out of bounds, also used for flocks and families multiplying past all limits (Gen 30:30, 43). The vats cannot hold the vintage, and the wine breaks over their rims. It is stronger than a gentle 'overflow.'

Proverbs 25:28 פְּ֭רוּצָה broken into

Like a city whose walls are broken down is a man who does not control his temper.

Here: A passive form meaning 'breached' or 'broken into'. The word is used for the gap an enemy smashes in a wall during a siege. The city has already been broken open.

Ecclesiastes 3:3 לִפְר֖וֹץ to break down

a time to kill and a time to heal, a time to break down and a time to build,

Here: To burst open or knock a gap in something, most often a wall, whether a city wall, a house wall or a vineyard's stone fence. The picture is a breach being made in a structure.

Ecclesiastes 10:8 וּפֹרֵ֥ץ and [one who] breaks through

He who digs a pit may fall into it, and he who breaches a wall may be bitten by a snake.

Here: "And the one breaching." The verb means to break open or make a gap in something. With "wall" it is a fixed phrase for knocking a gap in a field or vineyard wall (Isa 5:5; Ps 80:12).

Isaiah 5:5 פָּרֹ֥ץ I will break down

Now I will tell you what I am about to do to My vineyard: I will take away its hedge, and it will be consumed; I will tear down its wall, and it will be trampled.

Here: 'Breaching', a second bare verbal noun matching 'removing'. The verb is used for breaching city walls (2 Kgs 14:13), so a Jerusalem audience could hear a hint of their own walls.

Isaiah 54:3 תִּפְרֹ֑צִי you will spread out

For you will spread out to the right and left; your descendants will dispossess the nations and inhabit the desolate cities.

Here: "You will burst out." The verb is feminine singular and is addressed to Zion as a once-barren mother. It pictures growth so strong it breaks through the old boundaries. The same verb is used in God's promise to Jacob in Genesis 28:14.

Hosea 4:2 פָּרָ֕צוּ people have broken out

Cursing and lying, murder and stealing, and adultery are rampant; one act of bloodshed follows another.

Here: 'They have broken through.' The picture is a breach in a wall: the crimes have burst through every barrier and spread everywhere, or the people commit them with violence, like housebreakers. The subject is left open, so it can mean the people or the crimes.

Hosea 4:10 יִפְרֹ֑צוּ they will increase

They will eat but not be satisfied; they will be promiscuous but not multiply. For they have abandoned the LORD to give themselves

Here: The basic picture is breaking through a wall. It is used of families and flocks spilling out in growth (Gen 28:14; 30:30; Exod 1:12). Here it means they will have no children and no prosperity. That is the very fertility their sexual and religious practices were meant to win.

Micah 2:13 הַפֹּרֵץ֙ פָּֽרְצוּ֙ the [one who] breaks through, they will break through

One who breaks open the way will go up before them; they will break through the gate, and go out by it. Their King will pass through before them, the LORD as their leader.

Here: 'The breaker': an active participle with the article, so a person known by what he does. He makes a breach in a wall or enclosure. The word is about physical, often military force, opening a gap where there was none.