Hebrew word · H8469
תַּחֲנוּן
tachanunai
supplication
A plea for favour, supplication, an entreaty for grace. It comes from ḥ-n-n ('be gracious, show favour'), the root also behind ḥen ('grace, favour') and ḥannun ('gracious'). The word is always plural or abstract and always describes appeals made from weakness.
Appears 18 times in 18 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) supplication, supplication for favour
1a) to man
1b) to God
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
A plea for favour, supplication, an entreaty for grace. It comes from ḥ-n-n ('be gracious, show favour'), the root also behind ḥen ('grace, favour') and ḥannun ('gracious'). The word is always plural or abstract and always describes appeals made from weakness.
- Against the English
KJV and NASB have 'supplications', which is accurate but formal and hides the link to 'grace'. BSB, NIV and ESV have 'plea(s) for mercy', which brings out what is being asked for. WEB's 'petitions' sounds like a neutral request and loses the sense of appealing to grace.
- How it drifted
'Supplication' has become a churchy or legal-sounding word for a formal request. The Hebrew is the cry of someone who has no claim except the other's kindness.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Used for the cry of the desperate (Ps 28:2, 6; 31:22; 86:6; 140:6; 143:1). In Dan 9:18 the speaker says 'not because of our righteous acts do we present our pleas (taḥanunenu) before you, but because of your great mercy'. Zech 12:10 speaks of 'a spirit of grace and of pleas' (ḥen ve-taḥanunim), the two words from the same root. Later Jewish prayer gave the name Taḥanun to its daily section of penitent supplication.
From the study of Zechariah 12:10
- Range of meaning
Pleas for mercy, entreaties, earnest requests for favor. The noun is almost always plural and comes from ḥ-n-n, 'to be gracious, to plead for grace'. It is the language of someone weaker begging a stronger party for pity.
- Against the English
KJV, WEB and NIV render it 'supplication(s)'. BSB and NLT have 'prayer', which is accurate but more general: it loses the specific note of begging for mercy and the sound-link with ḥēn.
- How it drifted
In modern English 'prayer' covers praise, thanks and requests. Taḥănûnîm is specifically pleading for mercy.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Jeremiah 31:9: Israel returns 'with weeping, and with taḥănûnîm I will lead them'. Psalms 28:2, 6; 130:2. Daniel 9:3, 17, 18, 23, a prayer of national confession. Proverbs 18:23: 'the poor man speaks taḥănûnîm'.
- Range of meaning
Supplications, pleas for favour or mercy. It is nearly always plural. It comes from chanan, 'to be gracious, show favour' (the root of chen, 'grace, favour'), so it means pleading for grace that the speaker cannot demand.
- Against the English
KJV 'supplications' is accurate but archaic. BSB and WEB 'petition(s)' sounds like a formal request or a document with signatures. ESV 'pleas for mercy' captures the root well. BSB's singular 'petition' loses the Hebrew plural, which suggests repeated, insistent pleas.
- How it drifted
Modern 'petition' has a legal and civic flavour (filing a petition), as if one were making a claim through the proper channels. The Hebrew is the opposite: an appeal to the other party's generosity.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Psalms 28:2, 6; 130:2; 143:1 ('the voice of my supplications'); Jeremiah 31:9; Zechariah 12:10 ('a spirit of grace and supplication', chen vetachanunim, which plays on the shared root). In this chapter: Daniel 9:17, 18 ('we do not present our supplications before you because of our righteousness, but because of your great mercy'), and 9:23 ('at the beginning of your supplications a word went out').
Where it appears
2 Chronicles · 1
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2 Chronicles 6:21 תַּחֲנוּנֵ֤י [the] supplications of
Hear the plea of Your servant and of Your people Israel when they pray toward this place. May You hear from heaven, Your dwelling place. May You hear and forgive.
Job · 1
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Job 41:3 תַּחֲנוּנִ֑ים supplications
Will he beg you for mercy or speak to you softly?
Psalms · 8
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Psalm 28:2 תַּ֭חֲנוּנַי supplications my
Hear my cry for mercy when I call to You for help, when I lift up my hands toward Your holy sanctuary.
Here: "My pleas for favour." The word comes from the root ḥ-n-n, "to show grace or favour." The plural suggests pleas made again and again. The speaker is begging a superior for kindness he cannot demand.
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Psalm 28:6 תַּחֲנוּנָֽי׃ supplications my
Blessed be the LORD, for He has heard my cry for mercy.
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Psalm 31:22 תַּחֲנוּנַ֗י supplications my
In my alarm I said, “I am cut off from Your sight!” But You heard my plea for mercy when I called to You for help.
Here: From chanan, 'to be gracious'. These are appeals for undeserved kindness, the plea of someone with no claim but the other's goodwill. The plural suggests repeated, insistent begging.
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Psalm 86:6 תַּחֲנוּנוֹתָֽי׃ supplications my
Hear my prayer, O LORD, and attend to my plea for mercy.
Here: "My pleas for favor." The word comes from chanan, "to be gracious, show favor," so each plea is a request for grace. The plural suggests many pleas, or pleading again and again. It picks up v. 3 ("be gracious to me") and looks ahead to v. 15, where God is called chanun, "gracious."
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Psalm 116:1 תַּחֲנוּנָֽי׃ supplications my
I love the LORD, for He has heard my voice—my appeal for mercy.
Here: 'My pleas', from the root ḥnn, 'to show favour, be gracious'. These are begging appeals to someone with the power to help, asking for undeserved kindness. The plural suggests repeated, urgent pleading. It explains what 'my voice' was saying.
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Psalm 130:2 תַּחֲנוּנָֽי׃ supplications my
O Lord, hear my voice; let Your ears be attentive to my plea for mercy.
Here: 'My pleas for grace.' The word comes from the root ḥ-n-n, 'to show favour, be gracious'. These are appeals to God's undeserved kindness, not claims on what the speaker is owed. The plural suggests pleas repeated over and over.
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Psalm 140:6 תַּחֲנוּנָֽי׃ supplications my
I say to the LORD, “You are my God.” Hear, O LORD, my cry for help.
Here: "My pleas for grace". The noun comes from ḥānan, "to show favor, be gracious". These are appeals to God's goodwill, not demands. The plural suggests repeated, insistent pleading.
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Psalm 143:1 תַּחֲנוּנַ֑י supplications my
A Psalm of David. O LORD, hear my prayer. In Your faithfulness, give ear to my plea; in Your righteousness, answer me.
Here: From the root ḥ-n-n, 'to show favor, be gracious'. These are pleas for undeserved favor, not demands for what is owed. The plural suggests repeated or intense pleading. The major pause in the verse falls on this word.
Proverbs · 1
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Proverbs 18:23 תַּחֲנוּנִ֥ים supplications
The poor man pleads for mercy, but the rich man answers harshly.
Jeremiah · 2
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Jeremiah 3:21 תַחֲנוּנֵ֖י [the] supplications of
A voice is heard on the barren heights, the children of Israel weeping and begging for mercy, because they have perverted their ways and forgotten the LORD their God.
Here: Pleas for favor or mercy, from the root ḥanan, 'to show grace or favor'. Together with 'weeping' it describes tearful begging. Jeremiah pairs the same two words again in 31:9.
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Jeremiah 31:9 וּֽבְתַחֲנוּנִים֮ and with supplications
They will come with weeping, and by their supplication I will lead them; I will make them walk beside streams of waters, on a level path where they will not stumble. For I am Israel’s Father, and Ephraim is My firstborn.”
Here: "And with pleas for grace". The word comes from the root ḥnn, "to be gracious", so these are cries asking for mercy one has no claim to. The plural suggests repeated, heartfelt pleading.
Daniel · 4
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Daniel 9:3 וְתַחֲנוּנִ֑ים and supplications
So I turned my attention to the Lord God to seek Him by prayer and petition, with fasting, sackcloth, and ashes.
Here: From the root 'show favour, be gracious'. These are pleas for grace that the speaker cannot claim as a right. The plural suggests repeated, insistent pleading. Verse 18 makes the point explicit: 'not because of our righteousness... but because of your great mercy.'
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Daniel 9:17 תַּ֣חֲנוּנָ֔יו supplications his
So now, our God, hear the prayers and petitions of Your servant. For Your sake, O Lord, cause Your face to shine upon Your desolate sanctuary.
Here: A plural noun from the root ḥnn, 'to be gracious, show favour'. These are pleas for favour that is undeserved, which prepares for v. 18: 'not because of our righteous acts, but because of your great compassion'.
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Daniel 9:18 תַּחֲנוּנֵ֙ינוּ֙ supplications our
Incline Your ear, O my God, and hear; open Your eyes and see the desolation of the city that bears Your name. For we are not presenting our petitions before You because of our righteous acts, but because of Your great compassion.
Here: 'Our pleas for favor.' The word comes from the root ḥ-n-n, 'show grace or favor,' so by its very form it asks for unearned kindness.
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Daniel 9:23 תַּחֲנוּנֶ֜יךָ supplications your
At the beginning of your petitions, an answer went out, and I have come to tell you, for you are highly precious. So consider the message and understand the vision:
Here: "Your pleas for grace." The word comes from the root ḥ-n-n, "to show favor." It points back to the prayer of 9:4–19, which pleaded on the basis of God's mercy and disowned Israel's own merit (9:18).
Zechariah · 1
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Zechariah 12:10 וְתַ֣חֲנוּנִ֔ים and supplications
Then I will pour out on the house of David and on the people of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and prayer, and they will look on Me, the One they have pierced. They will mourn for Him as one mourns for an only child, and grieve bitterly for Him as one grieves for a firstborn son.
Here: 'And pleas for favor.' These are urgent appeals for mercy, and the plural adds intensity. It shares the root ḥ-n-n with ḥēn, so the phrase carries a wordplay: God's favor creates people who plead for favor.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.