Hebrew word · H860
אָתוֹן
ha'aton
she-ass
Female donkey (jenny), as distinct from the male ḥamor. Jennies were valued for breeding, milk and steady riding, and were a measure of wealth.
Appears 34 times in 28 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
she-ass, she-donkey
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Numbers 22:29
- Range of meaning
Female donkey (jenny), as distinct from the male ḥamor. Jennies were valued for breeding, milk and steady riding, and were a measure of wealth.
- Against the English
Most English versions say simply "donkey" (KJV "ass"), losing the female gender. The Hebrew verbs and suffixes in this verse are all feminine ("you [fem.] have made sport," "I would have killed you [fem.]").
- Used elsewhere in the period
She-donkeys counted among patriarchal wealth (Gen 12:16; 32:15); Saul is searching for his father's lost she-donkeys (1 Sam 9:3); Judg 5:10 pictures notables riding "white she-donkeys."
Where it appears
Genesis · 4
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Genesis 12:16 וַאֲתֹנֹ֖ת and female donkeys
He treated Abram well on her account, and Abram acquired sheep and cattle, male and female donkeys, menservants and maidservants, and camels.
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Genesis 32:15 אֲתֹנֹ֣ת female donkeys
30 milk camels with their young, 40 cows, 10 bulls, 20 female donkeys, and 10 male donkeys.
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Genesis 45:23 אֲתֹנֹ֡ת female donkeys
And he sent to his father the following: ten donkeys loaded with the best of Egypt, and ten female donkeys loaded with grain and bread and provisions for his father’s journey.
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Genesis 49:11 אֲתֹנ֑וֹ donkey his
He ties his donkey to the vine, his colt to the choicest branch. He washes his garments in wine, his robes in the blood of grapes.
Numbers · 14
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Numbers 22:21 אֲתֹנ֑וֹ donkey his
So in the morning Balaam got up, saddled his donkey, and went with the princes of Moab.
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Numbers 22:22 אֲתֹנ֔וֹ donkey his
Then God’s anger was kindled because Balaam was going along, and the angel of the LORD stood in the road to oppose him. Balaam was riding his donkey, and his two servants were with him.
Here: 'His she-donkey.' A female donkey was a valued riding animal for men of standing (compare Judg 5:10). She becomes the true seer of the story, and v. 30 notes she has carried Balaam all his life.
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Numbers 22:23 הָאָתוֹן֩ הָֽאָתוֹן֙ הָ֣אָת֔וֹן the donkey
When the donkey saw the angel of the LORD standing in the road with a drawn sword in his hand, she turned off the path and went into a field. So Balaam beat her to return her to the path.
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Numbers 22:25 הָאָת֜וֹן the donkey
And the donkey saw the angel of the LORD and pressed herself against the wall, crushing Balaam’s foot against it. So he beat her once again.
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Numbers 22:27 הָֽאָתוֹן֙ הָאָת֖וֹן the donkey
When the donkey saw the angel of the LORD, she lay down under Balaam, and he became furious and beat her with his staff.
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Numbers 22:28 הָאָת֑וֹן the donkey
Then the LORD opened the donkey’s mouth, and she said to Balaam, “What have I done to you that you have beaten me these three times?”
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Numbers 22:29 לָֽאָת֔וֹן to the donkey
Balaam answered the donkey, “You have made a fool of me! If I had a sword in my hand, I would kill you right now!”
Here: "To the jenny": his own female riding donkey, the one he has ridden all his life (v. 30). The animal has seen the angel three times; the professional seer has not.
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Numbers 22:30 הָאָת֜וֹן אֲתֹֽנְךָ֜ the donkey, donkey your
But the donkey said to Balaam, “Am I not the donkey you have ridden all your life until today? Have I ever treated you this way before?” “No,” he replied.
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Numbers 22:32 אֲתֹ֣נְךָ֔ female donkey your
The angel of the LORD asked him, “Why have you beaten your donkey these three times? Behold, I have come out to oppose you, because your way is perverse before me.
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Numbers 22:33 הָֽאָת֔וֹן the donkey
The donkey saw me and turned away from me these three times. If she had not turned away, then by now I would surely have killed you and let her live.”
Judges · 1
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Judges 5:10 אֲתֹנ֨וֹת female donkeys
You who ride white donkeys, who sit on saddle blankets, and you who travel the road, ponder
1 Samuel · 8
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1 Samuel 9:3 הָאֲתֹנ֔וֹת הָאֲתֹנֹֽת׃ the she-asses
One day the donkeys of Saul’s father Kish wandered off, and Kish said to his son Saul, “Take one of the servants and go look for the donkeys.”
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1 Samuel 9:5 הָאֲתֹנ֖וֹת the she-asses
When they reached the land of Zuph, Saul said to his servant, “Come, let us go back, or my father will stop worrying about the donkeys and start worrying about us.”
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1 Samuel 9:20 וְלָאֲתֹנ֞וֹת and to the she-asses
As for the donkeys you lost three days ago, do not worry about them, for they have been found. And upon whom is all the desire of Israel, if not upon you and all your father’s house?”
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1 Samuel 10:2 הָאֲתֹנוֹת֙ הָאֲתֹנ֔וֹת the she-asses
When you leave me today, you will find two men at Rachel’s tomb in Zelzah on the border of Benjamin. They will say to you, ‘The donkeys you seek have been found, and now your father has stopped worrying about the donkeys and started worrying about you, asking, “What should I do about my son?”’
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1 Samuel 10:14 הָ֣אֲתֹנ֔וֹת the she-asses
Now Saul’s uncle asked him and his servant, “Where did you go?” “To look for the donkeys,” Saul replied. “When we saw they were not to be found, we went to Samuel.”
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1 Samuel 10:16 הָאֲתֹנ֑וֹת the she-asses
And Saul replied, “He assured us that the donkeys had been found.” But Saul did not tell his uncle what Samuel had said about the kingship.
2 Kings · 2
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2 Kings 4:22 הָאֲתֹנ֑וֹת the donkeys
And the woman called her husband and said, “Please send me one of the servants and one of the donkeys, that I may go quickly to the man of God and return.”
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2 Kings 4:24 הָֽאָת֔וֹן the donkey
Then she saddled the donkey and told her servant, “Drive onward; do not slow the pace for me unless I tell you.”
1 Chronicles · 1
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1 Chronicles 27:30 הָ֣אֲתֹנ֔וֹת the she-asses
Obil the Ishmaelite was in charge of the camels. Jehdeiah the Meronothite was in charge of the donkeys.
Job · 3
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Job 1:3 אֲתוֹנ֔וֹת female donkeys
and he owned 7,000 sheep, 3,000 camels, 500 yoke of oxen, 500 female donkeys, and a very large number of servants. Job was the greatest man of all the people of the East.
Here: Female donkeys. They were prized above males for breeding and milk and were ridden by people of standing. Listing females points to a breeding herd and quality wealth.
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Job 1:14 וְהָאֲתֹנ֖וֹת and the female donkeys
a messenger came and reported to Job: “While the oxen were plowing and the donkeys were grazing nearby,
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Job 42:12 אֲתוֹנֽוֹת׃ female donkeys
So the LORD blessed Job’s latter days more than his first. He owned 14,000 sheep, 6,000 camels, 1,000 yoke of oxen, and 1,000 female donkeys.
Here: Female donkeys. They were prized for breeding, milk and riding, and were worth more than males. Counting the females is a way of counting the herd's future growth.
Zechariah · 1
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Zechariah 9:9 אֲתֹנֽוֹת׃ female donkeys
Rejoice greatly, O Daughter of Zion! Shout in triumph, O Daughter of Jerusalem! See, your King comes to you, righteous and victorious, humble and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey.
Here: 'She-donkeys', in the plural. Together with the previous words, it means a donkey bred from donkeys: a true foal, perhaps a pure-bred one. It echoes Genesis 49:11 ('son of his she-donkey') and the leaders 'riding on white she-donkeys' in Judges 5:10.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.