νίπτω

Matthew 6:17 νίψαι do wash, yourself

But when you fast, anoint your head and wash your face,

Here: A middle-voice command, 'wash your face'. Nipto is the ordinary word for washing part of the body (hands, feet, face), not bathing. It means the routine morning wash, which mourners and strict fasters left undone.

Matthew 15:2 νίπτονται they wash

“Why do Your disciples break the tradition of the elders? They do not wash their hands before they eat.”

Here: Used for washing hands, feet or face rather than bathing the whole body. The middle form means "wash their own hands". The present tense marks a habit. The point is ritual rinsing, not cleanliness.

Mark 7:3 νίψωνται they shall wash

Now in holding to the tradition of the elders, the Pharisees and all the Jews do not eat until they wash their hands ceremonially.

Here: "They wash (their own)". This is the usual verb for washing a part of the body rather than bathing. The middle voice, a Greek form for actions done to or for oneself, shows the person washes their own hands. Here the purpose is ritual purity, not hygiene.

John 9:7 νίψαι ἐνίψατο do wash yourself, washed

Then He told him, “Go, wash in the Pool of Siloam” (which means “Sent”). So the man went and washed, and came back seeing.

Here: A one-time command in the middle voice, meaning 'wash yourself' or 'get yourself washed'. νίπτω is used for washing part of the body (face, hands, feet), so the picture is rinsing the mud from his eyes and face, not a full-body bath.

John 9:11 νίψαι. νιψάμενος do wash. yourself, having washed

He answered, “The man they call Jesus made some mud and anointed my eyes, and He told me to go to Siloam and wash. So I went and washed and received my sight.”

Here: Wash part of the body, here his face and eyes, not a full bath. The verb form means doing it to yourself: “wash yourself off.”

John 9:15 ἐνιψάμην I washed

So the Pharisees also asked him how he had received his sight. The man answered, “He put mud on my eyes, and I washed, and now I can see.”

Here: 'I washed (myself).' The middle voice means washing a part of one's own body. His part was simple obedience. He leaves out Siloam, which he mentioned in verse 11.

John 13:5 νίπτειν to wash

After that, He poured water into a basin and began to wash the disciples’ feet and dry them with the towel that was around Him.

Here: To wash one part of the body (hands, face, feet), as opposed to bathing the whole body. That difference becomes the point of Jesus' answer in v. 10: 'whoever has bathed needs only to wash his feet.'

John 13:6 νίπτεις do wash

He came to Simon Peter, who asked Him, “Lord, are You going to wash my feet?”

Here: Present tense of something just about to happen or being attempted: "are you washing / about to wash?" The verb is for washing hands, face or feet, not a full bath (that is louō, used in v.10).

John 13:8 νίψῃς νίψω shall You wash, I shall wash

“Never shall You wash my feet!” Peter told Him. Jesus answered, “Unless I wash you, you have no part with Me.”

Here: "You may wash": the ordinary verb for washing one part of the body (hands, feet, face), not a full bath. The tense presents the washing as a single act.

John 13:10 νίψασθαι, to wash,

Jesus told him, “Whoever has already bathed needs only to wash his feet, and he will be completely clean. And you are clean, though not all of you.”

Here: Aorist middle infinitive of the verb for washing part of the body (hands, face, feet). It stands in deliberate contrast to the whole-body verb λούω above. The middle voice can mean "to wash for oneself" or "to have washed."

John 13:12 ἔνιψεν He had washed

When Jesus had washed their feet and put on His outer garments, He reclined with them again and asked, “Do you know what I have done for you?

Here: Washing the hands, face or feet, as opposed to a full bath (louō, v. 10). The simple past tense presents the washing as one completed act.

John 13:14 ἔνιψα νίπτειν washed, to wash

So if I, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, you also should wash one another’s feet.

Here: A simple past: one completed act, the washing that has just happened at the meal. Niptō is the ordinary word for washing part of the body (hands, face, feet), not for a full bath.

1 Timothy 5:10 ἔνιψεν, she has washed,

and well known for good deeds such as bringing up children, entertaining strangers, washing the feet of the saints, imparting relief to the afflicted, and devoting herself to every good work.

Here: Aorist: she has done it. Washing guests' feet was a slave's or servant's task; a woman of the house doing it herself showed humble, personal service. The same verb is used in John 13 of Jesus washing the disciples' feet.