Hebrew word · H1065

בְּכִי

bekhi

weeping

bākāh: to weep, wail, lament. bəkî: weeping, lamentation. With gādôl it means intense, audible lament.

Appears 30 times in 29 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

a weeping, weeping

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Isaiah 38:3

Range of meaning

bākāh: to weep, wail, lament. bəkî: weeping, lamentation. With gādôl it means intense, audible lament.

Against the English

KJV 'wept sore' (old English 'sore' = intensely) and BSB/WEB/NIV 'wept bitterly'. 'Bitterly' introduces the idea of bitterness (Hebrew mar), which is not in this verse, though Hezekiah later speaks of the 'bitterness of my soul' (38:15, 17). YLT's 'a great weeping' keeps the Hebrew shape.

Used elsewhere in the period

The same construction marks national or personal crisis: Judg 21:2 ('wept a great weeping'); 2 Sam 13:36; Ezra 10:1. Weeping is an accepted part of appeal to God throughout the Psalms (Ps 6:6–8; 39:12; 56:8).

From the study of Isaiah 65:19

Range of meaning

Weeping, wailing, lamentation. It is the audible sound of grief, especially for the dead or over national catastrophe, and is often formal and communal.

Against the English

"Weeping" is accurate. Modern readers may picture quiet tears, but ancient Israelite mourning was loud and public. It included keening, professional mourning women (Jer 9:17–20) and set periods of weeping (Deut 34:8).

Used elsewhere in the period

Jer 31:15: "A voice is heard in Ramah, lamentation, bitter weeping (bekhi): Rachel weeping for her children." Ps 30:5: "weeping may stay the night, but joy comes in the morning." Isa 22:12: God called for weeping in a time of judgment. Lam 1:2: Jerusalem "weeps bitterly in the night." Isa 30:19 has already promised "you shall weep no more."

From the study of Jeremiah 31:9

Range of meaning

Weeping, loud crying. Usually mourning (Gen 45:2; Jer 9:10; 31:15), also the tears of repentance (Jer 3:21; Joel 2:12; Ezra 10:1), and occasionally the overwhelmed crying of a reunion (Gen 45:2, 14–15; 46:29).

Against the English

Most versions say simply "with weeping". NLT's "tears of joy" settles a question the Hebrew leaves open.

Used elsewhere in the period

Jer 3:21 (the weeping and pleading of Israel on the heights); 31:15–16 (Rachel weeping for her children, then told "keep your voice from weeping"); 31:18–19 (Ephraim's grief-stricken repentance); Ps 126:5–6 ("those who sow in tears"). The Septuagint here puts the weeping at the going out into exile.

Where it appears

Genesis · 1
  1. Genesis 45:2 בִּבְכִ֑י in weeping

    But he wept so loudly that the Egyptians heard him, and Pharaoh’s household soon heard of it.

Deuteronomy · 1
  1. Deuteronomy 34:8 בְכִ֖י [the] weeping of

    The Israelites grieved for Moses in the plains of Moab thirty days, until the time of weeping and mourning for Moses came to an end.

Judges · 1
  1. Judges 21:2 בְּכִ֥י weeping

    So the people came to Bethel and sat there before God until evening, lifting up their voices and weeping bitterly.

2 Samuel · 1
  1. 2 Samuel 13:36 בְּכִ֖י a weeping

    And as he finished speaking, the sons of the king came in, wailing loudly. Then the king and all his servants also wept very bitterly.

2 Kings · 1
  1. 2 Kings 20:3 בְּכִ֥י weeping

    “Please, O LORD, remember how I have walked before You faithfully and with wholehearted devotion; I have done what is good in Your sight.” And Hezekiah wept bitterly.

    Here: A noun from the same root as the verb: 'he wept a weeping'. Repeating the root strengthens the statement.

Ezra · 1
  1. Ezra 3:13 בְּכִ֣י [the] weeping of

    The people could not distinguish the shouts of joy from the sound of weeping, because the people were making so much noise. And the sound was heard from afar.

Esther · 1
  1. Esther 4:3 וּבְכִ֖י and weeping

    In every province to which the king’s command and edict came, there was great mourning among the Jews. They fasted, wept, and lamented, and many lay in sackcloth and ashes.

Job · 2
  1. Job 16:16 בֶ֑כִי weeping

    My face is red with weeping, and deep shadows ring my eyes;

  2. Job 28:11 מִ֭בְּכִי from weeping

    He stops up the sources of the streams to bring what is hidden to light.

Psalms · 3
  1. Psalm 6:8 בִּכְיִֽי׃ weeping my

    Depart from me, all you workers of iniquity, for the LORD has heard my weeping.

    Here: 'My weeping,' the loud, audible crying of grief and mourning, picking up the bed soaked with tears in verse 6. The weeping itself becomes the prayer.

  2. Psalm 30:5 בֶּ֗כִי weeping

    For His anger is fleeting, but His favor lasts a lifetime. Weeping may stay the night, but joy comes in the morning.

    Here: Audible crying and lament, the sound of mourning. Here it is the overnight guest, and the subject of 'lodges.'

  3. Psalm 102:9 בִּבְכִ֥י with weeping

    For I have eaten ashes like bread and mixed my drink with tears

    Here: 'With weeping': the act of crying, often loud lamenting, not just tears as drops of water. His grief is what he mixes into the cup.

Isaiah · 8
  1. Isaiah 15:2 לְבֶ֑כִי for weeping

    Dibon goes up to its temple to weep at its high places. Moab wails over Nebo, as well as over Medeba. Every head is shaved, every beard is cut off.

    Here: 'For weeping.' This states the purpose of the climb. Weeping in the ancient world was loud, public crying done in ritual, not quiet tears.

  2. Isaiah 15:3 בַּבֶּֽכִי׃ in <the> weeping

    In its streets they wear sackcloth; on the rooftops and in the public squares they all wail, falling down weeping.

  3. Isaiah 15:5 בִּבְכִי֙ with weeping

    My heart cries out over Moab; her fugitives flee as far as Zoar, as far as Eglath-shelishiyah. With weeping they ascend the slope of Luhith; they lament their destruction on the road to Horonaim.

    Here: Loud weeping, the audible crying of mourners. The word is placed before the verb, so the weeping comes first: they go up crying.

  4. Isaiah 16:9 בִּבְכִ֤י with [the] weeping of

    So I weep with Jazer for the vines of Sibmah; I drench Heshbon and Elealeh with my tears. Triumphant shouts have fallen silent over your summer fruit and your harvest.

  5. Isaiah 22:4 בַּבֶּ֑כִי with <the> weeping

    Therefore I said, “Turn away from me, let me weep bitterly! Do not try to console me over the destruction of the daughter of my people.”

    Here: "In the weeping." Bekî is loud, public weeping, the wailing of mourning, not quiet tears. The "the" refers to the weeping already called for by the situation.

  6. Isaiah 22:12 לִבְכִי֙ for weeping

    On that day the Lord GOD of Hosts called for weeping and wailing, for shaven heads and the wearing of sackcloth.

    Here: Weeping aloud with tears. In Israel weeping was public and audible, not private sorrow. It is the first of four items in a list of mourning rites.

  7. Isaiah 38:3 בְּכִ֥י weeping

    saying, “Please, O LORD, remember how I have walked before You faithfully and with wholehearted devotion; I have done what is good in Your sight.” And Hezekiah wept bitterly.

    Here: The noun from the same root as the verb: 'he wept a weeping'. Hebrew uses this to strengthen the action.

  8. Isaiah 65:19 בְּכִ֖י weeping

    I will rejoice in Jerusalem and take delight in My people. The sounds of weeping and crying will no longer be heard in her.

    Here: "Weeping": the audible wailing of mourning. In Israel this was loud, public and often ritual (funeral keening, lament over disaster), not quiet private tears.

Jeremiah · 8
  1. Jeremiah 3:21 בְּכִ֥י [the] weeping of

    A voice is heard on the barren heights, the children of Israel weeping and begging for mercy, because they have perverted their ways and forgotten the LORD their God.

    Here: Audible weeping, the loud crying of mourning or distress. It is not quiet tears. It is linked to the next word: 'the weeping of pleas'.

  2. Jeremiah 9:10 בְכִ֣י weeping

    I will take up a weeping and wailing for the mountains, a dirge over the wilderness pasture, for they have been scorched so no one passes through, and the lowing of cattle is not heard. Both the birds of the air and the beasts have fled; they have gone away.

    Here: Audible weeping, the ordinary sound of grief.

  3. Jeremiah 31:9 בִּבְכִ֣י with weeping

    They will come with weeping, and by their supplication I will lead them; I will make them walk beside streams of waters, on a level path where they will not stumble. For I am Israel’s Father, and Ephraim is My firstborn.”

    Here: "With weeping": loud, audible crying, the sound of mourning or of overwhelming emotion. It comes first for emphasis, so the returning column is heard before it is seen.

  4. Jeremiah 31:15 בְּכִ֣י weeping of

    This is what the LORD says: “A voice is heard in Ramah, mourning and great weeping, Rachel weeping for her children and refusing to be comforted, because they are no more.”

    Here: Weeping. Here it is joined to the next word: 'weeping of bitternesses', that is, weeping of the most bitter kind.

  5. Jeremiah 31:16 מִבֶּ֔כִי from weeping

    This is what the LORD says: “Keep your voice from weeping and your eyes from tears, for the reward for your work will come, declares the LORD. Then your children will return from the land of the enemy.

    Here: 'From weeping': the loud, voiced wailing of mourning. It picks up the 'weeping' (bekî) of v. 15 and Rachel 'weeping' (məbakkâ) over her children.

  6. Jeremiah 48:5 בִּבְכִ֖י בֶּ֑כִי with weeping, weeping

    For on the ascent to Luhith they weep bitterly as they go, and on the descent to Horonaim cries of distress resound over the destruction:

  7. Jeremiah 48:32 מִבְּכִ֨י more than [the] weeping of

    I will weep for you, O vine of Sibmah, more than I weep for Jazer. Your tendrils have extended to the sea; they reach even to Jazer. The destroyer has descended on your summer fruit and grape harvest.

Joel · 1
  1. Joel 2:12 וּבְבְכִ֖י and with weeping

    “Yet even now,” declares the LORD, “return to Me with all your heart, with fasting, weeping, and mourning.”

    Here: “And with weeping”: crying out loud as part of a public lament. In 2:17 the priests are told to weep between the temple porch and the altar.

Malachi · 1
  1. Malachi 2:13 בְּכִ֖י weeping

    And this is another thing you do: You cover the altar of the LORD with tears, with weeping and groaning, because He no longer regards your offerings or receives them gladly from your hands.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.