גָּזַל

Genesis 21:25 גָּזְל֖וּ they had seized

But when Abraham complained to Abimelech about a well that Abimelech’s servants had seized,

Genesis 31:31 תִּגְזֹ֥ל you should tear away

“I was afraid,” Jacob answered, “for I thought you would take your daughters from me by force.

Leviticus 6:4 גָּזָ֗ל he robbed

once he has sinned and becomes guilty, he must return what he has stolen or taken by extortion, or the deposit entrusted to him, or the lost property he found,

Here: 'He seized.' Root and noun repeat on purpose ('the seizure he seized'), so the exact item he took is named as the item to give back.

Leviticus 19:13 תִגְזֹ֑ל you will rob [him]

You must not defraud your neighbor or rob him. You must not withhold until morning the wages due a hired hand.

Here: To take something openly by force or power. The Hebrew has no object here; English 'him' is supplied. It is the open counterpart to the secret theft forbidden in v. 11.

Deuteronomy 28:29 וְגָז֛וּל and robbed

and at noon you will grope about like a blind man in the darkness. You will not prosper in your ways. Day after day you will be oppressed and plundered, with no one to save you.

Here: Passive: 'robbed', having things taken by force or seizure. The pair 'extort and rob' is exactly the pair Israel was forbidden to do to a neighbour (Lev 19:13).

Deuteronomy 28:31 גָּז֣וּל [will be] seized

Your ox will be slaughtered before your eyes, but you will not eat any of it. Your donkey will be taken away and not returned to you. Your flock will be given to your enemies, and no one will save you.

Judges 9:25 וַיִּגְזְל֗וּ and they robbed

The leaders of Shechem set up an ambush against Abimelech on the hilltops, and they robbed all who passed by them on the road. So this was reported to Abimelech.

Here: "And they robbed." This means seizing by force, not stealing quietly. The verb is the one Israel's law uses for violent robbery (Lev 19:13).

Judges 21:23 גָּזָ֑לוּ they seized

The Benjamites did as instructed and carried away the number of women they needed from the dancers they caught. They went back to their own inheritance, rebuilt their cities, and settled in them.

2 Samuel 23:21 וַיִּגְזֹ֤ל and he seized

He also struck down an Egyptian, a huge man. Although the Egyptian had a spear in his hand, Benaiah went against him with a club, snatched the spear from his hand, and killed the Egyptian with his own spear.

1 Chronicles 11:23 וַיִּגְזֹ֤ל and he tore away

He also struck down an Egyptian, a huge man five cubits tall. Although the Egyptian had a spear like a weaver’s beam in his hand, Benaiah went against him with a club, snatched the spear from his hand, and killed the Egyptian with his own spear.

Job 20:19 גָּ֝זַ֗ל he has seized

For he has oppressed and forsaken the poor; he has seized houses he did not build.

Here: Taking by force or by abusing power. It is open robbery, not quiet theft. The same verb is used for tearing skin off bones (Mic 3:2).

Job 24:2 גָּ֝זְל֗וּ they seize

Men move boundary stones; they pasture stolen flocks.

Job 24:9 יִ֭גְזְלוּ people tear away

The fatherless infant is snatched from the breast; the nursing child of the poor is seized for a debt.

Job 24:19 יִגְזְל֥וּ they snatch away

As drought and heat consume the melting snow, so Sheol steals those who have sinned.

Psalm 35:10 מִגֹּזְלֽוֹ׃ from [one who] robs him

All my bones will exclaim, “Who is like You, O LORD, who delivers the afflicted from the aggressor, the poor and needy from the robber?”

Here: “From the one robbing him.” Gazal means taking openly by force, not theft in secret. It is used for powerful people seizing fields, wages and goods (Mic 2:2; Lev 19:13). Here it is God who does the seizing in reverse, snatching the victim back.

Psalm 69:4 גָ֝זַ֗לְתִּי I stole

Those who hate me without cause outnumber the hairs of my head; many are those who would destroy me—my enemies for no reason. Though I did not steal, I must repay.

Here: 'I seized'. Gāzal means taking something by force or abuse of power: robbery, extortion, grabbing what belongs to the weak. It is a different word from ganav, quiet theft. It is the legal term used in the restitution law of Leviticus 6:2–5.

Proverbs 4:16 וְֽנִגְזְלָ֥ה and it is taken away

For they cannot sleep unless they do evil; they are deprived of slumber until they make someone fall.

Here: 'And it is robbed, snatched away.' The verb for violent robbery is used of their own sleep. The men who rob others are themselves robbed of rest. The form continues the habitual sense: this happens again and again.

Proverbs 22:22 תִּגְזָל־ you rob

Do not rob a poor man because he is poor, and do not crush the afflicted at the gate,

Here: To take something from someone by force or by power, openly. It is not sneaky theft. This is how strong people strip weak people: by violence, debt seizure, or a rigged legal process.

Proverbs 28:24 גּוֹזֵ֤ל׀ [one who] robs

He who robs his father or mother, saying, “It is not wrong,” is a companion to the man who destroys.

Here: A participle describing a type of person: 'one who seizes / a robber of'. Gazal means openly taking what belongs to someone else, by force or by pressure. It is not sneaking theft. The son's victims are the people he owes the most.

Isaiah 10:2 וְלִגְזֹ֕ל and to take away

to deprive the poor of fair treatment and withhold justice from the oppressed of My people, to make widows their prey and orphans their plunder.

Here: 'And to tear away'. A violent word, used of open robbery and even of stripping skin off (Mic 3:2). Here what is ripped away is a legal right, carried out through paperwork.

Jeremiah 21:12 גָז֖וּל [one who] has been robbed

O house of David, this is what the LORD says: ‘Administer justice every morning, and rescue the victim of robbery from the hand of his oppressor, or My wrath will go forth like fire and burn with no one to extinguish it because of their evil deeds.

Here: "The one robbed": someone whose property, land or wages have been taken by force or by abuse of power.

Jeremiah 22:3 גָז֖וּל [one who] has been robbed

This is what the LORD says: Administer justice and righteousness. Rescue the victim of robbery from the hand of his oppressor. Do no wrong or violence to the foreigner, the fatherless, or the widow. Do not shed innocent blood in this place.

Here: A passive participle, 'the one who has been robbed'. The verb usually means the strong seizing goods, land or wages by force or by abusing power (Mic 2:2).

Ezekiel 18:7 יִגְזֹ֑ל he robbed

He does not oppress another, but restores the pledge to the debtor. He does not commit robbery, but gives his bread to the hungry and covers the naked with clothing.

Here: To strip someone of what is theirs by force or by the power of one's position. It describes habitual conduct: he is not a man who grabs.

Ezekiel 18:12 גָּזָ֔ל he has robbed

He oppresses the poor and needy; he commits robbery and does not restore a pledge. He lifts his eyes to idols; he commits abominations.

Here: To tear away by force, to strip. 'Robberies he has robbed' repeats the root for emphasis. It often describes the strong taking from the weak, sometimes through legal or economic pressure rather than a mugging.

Ezekiel 18:16 גָזָ֑ל he has robbed

He does not oppress another, or retain a pledge, or commit robbery. He gives his bread to the hungry and covers the naked with clothing.

Here: 'He has not robbed.' Noun and verb again share a root ('robbery he has not robbed'), matching the pledge clause in sound and shape.

Ezekiel 18:18 גָּזַל֙ he has robbed

As for his father, he will die for his own iniquity, because he practiced extortion, robbed his brother, and did what was wrong among his people.

Ezekiel 22:29 וְגָזְל֖וּ and they have robbed

The people of the land have practiced extortion and committed robbery. They have oppressed the poor and needy and have exploited the foreign resident without justice.

Here: "And they have robbed." This is taking by open force, snatching what belongs to someone else. Ezekiel pairs it with ʿāšaq, as the law codes do.

Micah 2:2 וְגָזָ֔לוּ and they seize [them]

They covet fields and seize them; they take away houses. They deprive a man of his home, a fellow man of his inheritance.

Here: 'And they seize [them].' The verb means taking by force or by abuse of power, literally 'tearing off' (Micah 3:2 uses it for tearing skin off people). Coveting turns straight into robbery.

Micah 3:2 גֹּזְלֵ֤י tearers away of

You hate good and love evil. You tear the skin from my people and strip the flesh from their bones.

Here: 'Those who seize by force.' This is the standard legal word for robbery (Lev 19:13). Micah has just used it for the powerful seizing people's fields (2:2). Here the robbery is pictured as tearing the skin off living people.

Malachi 1:13 גָּז֗וּל a stolen [animal]

You also say: ‘Oh, what a nuisance!’ And you turn up your nose at it,” says the LORD of Hosts. “You bring offerings that are stolen, lame, or sick! Should I accept these from your hands?” asks the LORD.

Here: Something taken by force or robbery. It probably means an animal acquired by theft or extortion, possibly one snatched or mauled by a wild beast. Either way it was not the offerer's own to give.