גָּמַל

Genesis 21:8 וַיִּגָּמַ֑ל הִגָּמֵ֥ל and he was weaned, was weaned

So the child grew and was weaned, and Abraham held a great feast on the day Isaac was weaned.

Genesis 50:15 גָּמַ֖לְנוּ we dealt out to

When Joseph’s brothers saw that their father was dead, they said, “What if Joseph bears a grudge? Then he will surely repay us for all the evil that we did to him.”

Genesis 50:17 גְמָל֔וּךָ they dealt out to you

‘This is what you are to say to Joseph: I beg you, please forgive the transgression and sin of your brothers, for they did you wrong.’ So now, Joseph, please forgive the transgression of the servants of the God of your father.” When their message came to him, Joseph wept.

Here: 'They dealt (it) out to you.' The verb describes treatment carried through in full, good or bad. It echoes v. 15, where the brothers fear Joseph will now pay back the evil 'we dealt him.'

Numbers 17:8 וַיִּגְמֹ֖ל and it had ripened

The next day Moses entered the Tent of the Testimony and saw that Aaron’s staff, representing the house of Levi, had sprouted, put forth buds, blossomed, and produced almonds.

Here: The verb means taking something through to full completion: weaning a child, repaying in full, ripening fruit. Here the almonds were brought all the way to ripeness.

Deuteronomy 32:6 תִּגְמְלוּ־ do you repay

Is this how you repay the LORD, O foolish and senseless people? Is He not your Father and Creator? Has He not made you and established you?

Here: "You (plural) deal out / pay back." The word is about what one person hands to another in return. Israel's corruption (v. 5) is the "payment" made to the one who gave them everything.

1 Samuel 1:22 יִגָּמֵ֤ל he will be weaned

but Hannah did not go. “After the boy is weaned,” she said to her husband, “I will take him to appear before the LORD and to stay there permanently.”

1 Samuel 1:23 גָּמְלֵ֣ךְ גָּמְלָ֖הּ wean you, had weaned she

“Do what you think is best,” her husband Elkanah replied, “and stay here until you have weaned him. Only may the LORD confirm His word.” So Hannah stayed and nursed her son until she had weaned him.

1 Samuel 1:24 גְּמָלַ֗תּוּ she had weaned him

Once she had weaned him, Hannah took the boy with her, along with a three-year-old bull, an ephah of flour, and a skin of wine. Though the boy was still young, she brought him to the house of the LORD at Shiloh.

1 Samuel 24:17 גְּמַלְתַּ֣נִי גְּמַלְתִּ֥יךָ you have dealt out to me, I have dealt out to you

and said to David, “You are more righteous than I, for you have rewarded me with good, though I have rewarded you with evil.

Here: 'You have dealt to me.' Gamal means to do something to someone fully, to treat them a certain way, whether well or badly. The data's first gloss 'to wean' is another use of the same root and does not apply here.

2 Samuel 19:36 יִגְמְלֵ֣נִי will he reward me

Your servant will go with the king only a short distance past the Jordan; why should the king repay me with such a reward?

2 Samuel 22:21 יִגְמְלֵ֥נִי he dealt with me

The LORD has rewarded me according to my righteousness; He has repaid me according to the cleanness of my hands.

1 Kings 11:20 וַתִּגְמְלֵ֣הוּ and she weaned him

And the sister of Tahpenes bore Hadad a son named Genubath. Tahpenes herself weaned him in Pharaoh’s palace, and Genubath lived there among the sons of Pharaoh.

2 Chronicles 20:11 גֹּמְלִ֖ים [are] repaying

See how they are repaying us by coming to drive us out of the possession that You gave us as an inheritance.

Psalm 7:4 גָּ֭מַלְתִּי I have repaid

if I have rewarded my ally with evil, if I have plundered my foe without cause,

Here: 'I have dealt out to / done to.' The verb means treating someone a certain way, good or bad. It does not have to mean paying back something done first. With 'evil' it means 'if I have done harm to'.

Psalm 13:6 גָמַ֣ל he has dealt bountifully

I will sing to the LORD, for He has been good to me.

Here: "He has dealt with me": he has done to me what fully meets the situation. On its own the verb can mean good or bad treatment. Here, after verse 5's "loving devotion" and "salvation," it plainly means good. The perfect form presents the act as done.

Psalm 18:20 יִגְמְלֵ֣נִי he has dealt with me

The LORD has rewarded me according to my righteousness; He has repaid me according to the cleanness of my hands.

Here: "He dealt with me" or "he paid me back". The verb means treating someone in a way that answers fully to what they have done, for good or for ill. The 'wean' gloss belongs to other passages and plays no part here. In this thanksgiving it looks back on what God has already done.

Psalm 103:10 גָּמַ֥ל he has repaid

He has not dealt with us according to our sins or repaid us according to our iniquities.

Here: 'He has paid out, dealt out (in full)'. The verb's basic idea is carrying something through to completion. When it is used of people it means giving someone what their conduct has earned, good or bad. Here it means God has not settled the account with us in full.

Psalm 116:7 גָּמַ֥ל he has dealt bountifully

Return to your rest, O my soul, for the LORD has been good to you.

Here: A completed action: 'he has dealt with / treated / done in full'. The root's picture is something brought to completion (a child weaned, fruit ripened, a debt paid back). Here the context shows the treatment was good: rescue from death.

Psalm 119:17 גְּמֹ֖ל deal bountifully

Deal bountifully with Your servant, that I may live and keep Your word.

Here: A direct request: "treat me well, do good to me." The word names the act of dealing with someone, and the context supplies that the treatment hoped for is good. Placed first, it also supplies the letter gimel that this stanza's acrostic requires.

Psalm 131:2 כְּ֭גָמֻל כַּגָּמֻ֖ל like a weaned [child], [is] like the weaned [child]

Surely I have stilled and quieted my soul; like a weaned child with his mother, like a weaned child is my soul within me.

Here: 'Like a weaned one.' A passive form of the verb used as a noun: a child who has been weaned. In Israel that usually meant a toddler of about two or three, old enough to walk and talk, who no longer demands the breast.

Psalm 137:8 שֶׁגָּמַ֥לְתְּ that you dealt

O Daughter of Babylon, doomed to destruction, blessed is he who repays you as you have done to us.

Here: 'That you dealt.' The verb repeats the root of the noun just before it ('your dealing that you dealt'), so the sentence itself sounds like measure for measure. 'Wean' is a separate sense of the verb and does not apply here.

Psalm 142:7 תִגְמֹ֣ל you deal bountifully

Free my soul from prison, that I may praise Your name. The righteous will gather around me because of Your goodness to me.

Here: 'You will deal fully, generously.' With 'upon me' and a good sense, it means to treat someone with complete kindness, to do right by them in full (compare Ps 13:6; 116:7). The supplied gloss 'wean' is a different use of the same root. The tense looks ahead with confidence.

Proverbs 3:30 גְמָלְךָ֣ he has dealt out to you

Do not accuse a man without cause, when he has done you no harm.

Here: 'He has done to you' or 'dealt out to you', with 'you' attached as the object. The verb is about actually carrying out a deed toward someone, good or bad, the kind of deed that calls for a response. Here: he has done nothing to you that needs answering.

Proverbs 11:17 גֹּמֵ֣ל [is] dealing bountifully with

A kind man benefits himself, but a cruel man brings trouble on himself.

Here: An active participle: an ongoing pattern, 'is dealing well with.' The root means bringing something to completion or paying it out in full, good or bad. With kindness as the subject, it means doing good to, and it carries a note of payback: the kind person ends up paying himself.

Proverbs 31:12 גְּמָלַ֣תְהוּ she feeds him

She brings him good and not harm all the days of her life.

Here: "She deals to him" or "she pays him back." The verb takes two objects here: the person ("him," the husband of v.11) and the thing given ("good"). The basic idea is giving someone the full measure of something, and it often means repaying. The perfect form describes what she habitually does, not one past act. It begins with gimel (ג), the third letter, as this verse's place in the alphabet poem requires.

Isaiah 3:9 גָמְל֥וּ they have done

The expression on their faces testifies against them, and like Sodom they flaunt their sin; they do not conceal it. Woe to them, for they have brought disaster upon themselves.

Here: 'They have dealt out' or 'paid out'. The verb covers carrying something through to completion, which is why it is also used for weaning and ripening, and dealing someone their due. They have handed themselves their own payment. Verse 11 uses the related noun gəmûl, 'what his hands have dealt'.

Isaiah 11:8 גָּמ֖וּל a weaned [child]

The infant will play by the cobra’s den, and the toddler will reach into the viper’s nest.

Here: A child who has just been weaned. In ancient Israel that meant a toddler of about two to three years: mobile, curious, and able to poke its hand into things.

Isaiah 18:5 גֹּמֵ֖ל ripening

For before the harvest, when the blossom is gone and the flower becomes a ripening grape, He will cut off the shoots with a pruning knife and remove and discard the branches.

Isaiah 28:9 גְּמוּלֵי֙ [those] weaned

Whom is He trying to teach? To whom is He explaining His message? To infants just weaned from milk? To babies removed from the breast?

Here: "Those weaned." In ancient Israel a child was weaned at about two or three years old, so these are toddlers. The point is not "mature people ready for solid food" but "tiny children."

Isaiah 63:7 גְּמָלָ֖נוּ גְּמָלָ֥ם he has dealt out to us, he has dealt out to them

I will make known the LORD’s loving devotion and His praiseworthy acts, because of all that the LORD has done for us—the many good things for the house of Israel according to His great compassion and loving devotion.

Here: 'He has dealt (with) us.' The verb means treating someone fully and thoroughly, for good or ill. Here it is all good. The lemma gloss 'to wean' belongs to a different use of the same root and does not apply here.

Hosea 1:8 וַתִּגְמֹ֖ל and she weaned

After she had weaned Lo-ruhamah, Gomer conceived and gave birth to a son.

Joel 3:4 גֹּמְלִ֤ים making recompense

Now what do you have against Me, O Tyre, Sidon, and all the regions of Philistia? Are you rendering against Me a recompense? If you retaliate against Me, I will swiftly and speedily return your recompense upon your heads.

Here: The verb behind gemul: to deal something out to someone, good or harm, whether or not it repays anything. Here, 'are you doing things to me?' The listed gloss 'to wean' is a different use of the same root and does not apply here.