Hebrew word · H2436
חֵיק
cheik
embrace
(1) The fold of a robe over the chest or lap, where people carried things: lambs (Isaiah 40:11), a hand (Exodus 4:6), lots that are cast (Proverbs 16:33), bribes (Proverbs 17:23; 21:14). (2) The chest or lap as a place of closeness.
Appears 38 times in 34 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
bosom, hollow, bottom, midst
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Proverbs 6:27
- Range of meaning
(1) The fold of a robe over the chest or lap, where people carried things: lambs (Isaiah 40:11), a hand (Exodus 4:6), lots that are cast (Proverbs 16:33), bribes (Proverbs 17:23; 21:14). (2) The chest or lap as a place of closeness. (3) By extension, intimate and especially sexual embrace: 'the wife of your bosom' (Deuteronomy 13:6; 28:54; Micah 7:5), 'let her lie in your bosom' (2 Samuel 12:8; 1 Kings 1:2), 'why embrace the bosom of a foreign woman?' (Proverbs 5:20).
- Against the English
KJV, NASB and YLT have 'bosom,' which today mostly suggests a woman's breasts. NIV and WEB have 'lap,' which gets the physical place right but loses the overtone of embrace. ESV has 'next to his chest.' BSB's 'embrace' makes the sexual hint explicit.
- How it drifted
In older English, 'bosom' meant the chest and the clothing over it, including the fold where things were carried. In current English it has narrowed mainly to female anatomy, so 'take fire in his bosom' now reads oddly.
- Used elsewhere in the period
The same word is used for sexual embrace in Deuteronomy 28:54, 56, 2 Samuel 12:8 and Proverbs 5:20, and for carrying things in a garment fold in Proverbs 16:33; 17:23; 21:14. The Septuagint renders it kolpos, which has the same double sense of fold and intimate embrace.
From the study of Proverbs 16:33
- Range of meaning
The front of the body (chest, lap) and especially the fold of the outer garment above the belt, used to carry things. It also stands for intimacy ('the wife of your bosom', Deut 13:6), for where something is held or hidden, and for where repayment is 'measured back'.
- Against the English
'Lap' suggests the thighs of someone sitting down. The Hebrew picture is more often the pouch formed by a robe's fold. YLT's 'centre' reflects the idea of a middle or inner part but conveys nothing concrete.
- How it drifted
Older English 'lap' meant the skirt or fold of a garment, the cloth hanging down, not just the thighs (compare Luke 6:38 KJV, 'into your bosom'). Modern English has lost the garment sense.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Exod 4:6–7 (Moses puts his hand into his ḥêq); Prov 6:27 (fire carried in the ḥêq); Prov 17:23 and 21:14 (a bribe taken 'from the ḥêq' or hidden 'in the ḥêq', i.e. a garment pocket); Ruth 4:16 (a child laid in Naomi's ḥêq); Ps 79:12 and Isa 65:6–7 (payback measured 'into their ḥêq').
From the study of Isaiah 40:11
- Range of meaning
The bosom or chest; the lap; especially the fold of the outer garment over the chest, used as a pocket. It is the place where infants are held (Num 11:12; Ruth 4:16; 1 Kgs 3:20) and where a wife or husband lies close (Deut 13:6; Mic 7:5). Paired here with nāśāʾ, "lift, carry".
- Against the English
KJV/ESV/NASB/WEB "bosom" is literal but sounds archaic and feminine to modern ears. BSB/NIV/NLT "close to his heart" captures the closeness but adds a word (heart) the Hebrew does not have, and loses the concrete picture of a lamb tucked into the shepherd's robe.
- How it drifted
In modern English "bosom" usually means a woman's breasts, while the Hebrew word is gender-neutral. The paraphrase "close to his heart" moves the image from the physical to the emotional.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Num 11:12 is the key parallel. Moses protests: "Did I conceive all this people... that you should say to me, 'Carry them in your bosom (śāʾēhû bəḥêqekā), as a nurse carries a nursing child'?" Both words, nāśāʾ and ḥêq, appear there together. Isaiah 46:3-4 develops the carrying theme: "borne by me from before birth, carried from the womb... I will carry."
Where it appears
Genesis · 1
-
Genesis 16:5 בְּחֵיקֶ֔ךָ in bosom your
Then Sarai said to Abram, “May the wrong done to me be upon you! I delivered my servant into your arms, and ever since she saw that she was pregnant, she has treated me with contempt. May the LORD judge between you and me.”
Exodus · 5
-
Exodus 4:6 בְּחֵיקֶ֔ךָ בְּחֵיק֑וֹ in bosom your, in bosom his
Furthermore, the LORD said to Moses, “Put your hand inside your cloak.” So he put his hand inside his cloak, and when he took it out, his hand was leprous, white as snow.
Here: The chest, or the fold of the robe over the chest, used as a pocket for carrying things. Moses slips his hand inside his clothes against his own body, out of sight.
-
Exodus 4:7 חֵיקֶ֔ךָ חֵיק֑וֹ מֵֽחֵיק֔וֹ bosom your, bosom his, from bosom his
“Put your hand back inside your cloak,” said the LORD. So Moses put his hand back inside his cloak, and when he took it out, it was restored, like the rest of his skin.
Numbers · 1
-
Numbers 11:12 בְחֵיקֶ֗ךָ in bosom your
Did I conceive all these people? Did I give them birth, so that You should tell me, ‘Carry them in your bosom, as a nurse carries an infant,’ to the land that You swore to give their fathers?
Deuteronomy · 3
-
Deuteronomy 13:6 חֵיקֶ֗ךָ bosom your
If your very own brother, or your son or daughter, or the wife you embrace, or your closest friend secretly entices you, saying, “Let us go and worship other gods” (which neither you nor your fathers have known,
Here: 'Your bosom': the place where a person holds what is dearest. 'Wife of your bosom' means the woman who shares your bed and your closest intimacy.
-
Deuteronomy 28:54 חֵיק֔וֹ bosom his
The most gentle and refined man among you will begrudge his brother, the wife he embraces, and the rest of his children who have survived,
-
Deuteronomy 28:56 חֵיקָ֔הּ bosom her
The most gentle and refined woman among you, so gentle and refined she would not venture to set the sole of her foot on the ground, will begrudge the husband she embraces and her son and daughter
Ruth · 1
-
Ruth 4:16 בְחֵיקָ֔הּ on bosom her
And Naomi took the child, placed him on her lap, and became a nurse to him.
2 Samuel · 2
-
2 Samuel 12:3 וּבְחֵיק֣וֹ and in bosom his
but the poor man had nothing except one small ewe lamb that he had bought. He raised it, and it grew up with him and his children. It shared his food and drank from his cup; it slept in his arms and was like a daughter to him.
-
2 Samuel 12:8 בְּחֵיקֶ֔ךָ in bosom your
I gave your master’s house to you and your master’s wives into your arms. I gave you the house of Israel and Judah, and if that was not enough, I would have given you even more.
1 Kings · 5
-
1 Kings 1:2 בְחֵיקֶ֔ךָ in bosom your
So his servants said to him, “Let us search for a young virgin for our lord the king, to attend to him and care for him and lie by his side to keep him warm.”
-
1 Kings 3:20 בְּחֵיקָ֑הּ בְחֵיקִֽי׃ in bosom her, in bosom my
So she got up in the middle of the night and took my son from my side while I was asleep. She laid him in her bosom and put her dead son at my bosom.
-
1 Kings 17:19 מֵחֵיקָ֗הּ from bosom her
But Elijah said to her, “Give me your son.” So he took him from her arms, carried him to the upper room where he was staying, and laid him on his own bed.
-
1 Kings 22:35 חֵ֥יק [the] bottom of
The battle raged throughout that day, and the king was propped up in his chariot facing the Arameans. And the blood from his wound ran out onto the floor of the chariot, and that evening he died.
Job · 1
-
Job 19:27 בְּחֵקִֽי׃ in bosom my
I will see Him for myself; my eyes will behold Him, and not as a stranger. How my heart yearns within me!
Psalms · 4
-
Psalm 35:13 חֵיקִ֥י bosom my
Yet when they were ill, I put on sackcloth; I humbled myself with fasting, but my prayers returned unanswered.
Here: 'My bosom.' The front of the body, and the fold of the robe there where things were carried or held close. Elsewhere, 'paying back into someone's bosom' is a set phrase for repayment, which echoes the 'repaying' theme of v.12.
-
Psalm 74:11 חֵֽיקְךָ֣ bosom your
Why do You withdraw Your strong right hand? Stretch it out to destroy them!
-
Psalm 79:12 חֵיקָ֑ם bosom their
Pay back into the laps of our neighbors sevenfold the reproach they hurled at You, O Lord.
Here: The fold of the robe above the belt, used as a pocket for carrying or receiving goods. The picture is of a measured payment poured into their own garment-fold: they get back what they handed out.
-
Psalm 89:50 בְ֝חֵיקִ֗י in bosom my
Remember, O Lord, the reproach of Your servants, which I bear in my heart from so many people—
Here: 'In my bosom.' This is the fold of the robe over the chest, where people carried lambs or nursing infants close to the body. Here the speaker carries an unwanted load of insults pressed against himself, and the image also suggests something felt inwardly.
Proverbs · 5
-
Proverbs 5:20 חֵ֣ק [the] bosom of
Why be captivated, my son, by an adulteress, or embrace the bosom of a stranger?
Here: The chest and lap, the fold of the garment where one holds what is dearest. In Hebrew it is the place of marital intimacy ('the wife of your bosom', Deuteronomy 13:6). To embrace the bosom of a foreign woman is to take into intimate closeness one whose bosom belongs to another.
-
Proverbs 6:27 בְּחֵיק֑וֹ in bosom his
Can a man embrace fire and his clothes not be burned?
Here: The fold of the robe over the chest or lap, which people used as a pocket. The same word is used for sexual embrace (Proverbs 5:20, 'embrace the bosom of a foreign woman'; 'the wife of your bosom'), so the image already hints at what it stands for.
-
Proverbs 16:33 בַּ֭חֵיק in the bosom
The lot is cast into the lap, but its every decision is from the LORD.
Here: The fold of a robe at the chest or waist, which worked as a pocket. Lots were held, shaken or dropped there before being drawn. It comes first in the Hebrew, so the saying opens with the ordinary, physical place where people handle the lot.
-
Proverbs 17:23 מֵ֭חֵיק from [the] bosom
A wicked man takes a covert bribe to subvert the course of justice.
Here: "From the fold of the garment": the pocket formed where the robe is belted at the chest. The money comes out of hiding and changes hands unseen.
-
Proverbs 21:14 בַּ֝חֵ֗ק in the bosom
A gift in secret soothes anger, and a covert bribe pacifies great wrath.
Ecclesiastes · 1
-
Ecclesiastes 7:9 בְּחֵ֥יק in [the] bosom of
Do not be quickly provoked in your spirit, for anger settles in the lap of a fool.
Here: The fold of the robe above the belt, where a person carried things close: a baby, a pet lamb, money, a bribe. Vexation is pictured as something the fool keeps on his person and holds close.
Isaiah · 3
-
Isaiah 40:11 וּבְחֵיק֖וֹ and in bosom his
He tends His flock like a shepherd; He gathers the lambs in His arms and carries them close to His heart. He gently leads the nursing ewes.
Here: The fold of the robe over the chest, or the lap: the place where a parent or nurse holds an infant (Num 11:12; Ruth 4:16) and where a shepherd tucks a weak lamb. It is a picture of closeness and of physical carrying. It is not the Hebrew word for "heart".
-
Isaiah 65:6 חֵיקָֽם׃ bosom their
Behold, it is written before Me: I will not keep silent, but I will repay; I will pay it back into their laps,
Here: The fold of the robe above the belt, used as a pouch for carrying grain or goods. Payment is poured into their own garment fold, a picture of a full measure handed back to the person who earned it.
-
Isaiah 65:7 חֵיקָֽם׃ ס bosom their
both for your iniquities and for those of your fathers,” says the LORD. “Because they burned incense on the mountains and scorned Me on the hills, I will measure into their laps full payment for their former deeds.”
Here: "Their garment-fold." This is the pouch formed by the robe above the belt, where grain or goods were poured. It repeats the end of verse 6, so the payment lands right on them.
Jeremiah · 1
-
Jeremiah 32:18 חֵ֥יק [the] bosom of
You show loving devotion to thousands but lay the iniquity of the fathers into the laps of their children after them, O great and mighty God whose name is the LORD of Hosts,
Here: The fold of the robe above the belt, used as a pocket or for carrying. Grain, silver or a bribe could be poured or tucked into it. The picture is a payment counted out into the children's laps.
Lamentations · 1
-
Lamentations 2:12 חֵ֖יק [the] bosom of
They cry out to their mothers: “Where is the grain and wine?” as they faint like the wounded in the streets of the city, as their lives fade away in the arms of their mothers.
Ezekiel · 3
-
Ezekiel 43:13 וְחֵ֨יק and a gutter
These are the measurements of the altar in long cubits (a cubit and a handbreadth): Its gutter shall be a cubit deep and a cubit wide, with a rim of one span around its edge. And this is the height of the altar:
-
Ezekiel 43:14 וּמֵחֵ֨יק and from [the] gutter of
The space from the gutter on the ground to the lower ledge shall be two cubits, and the ledge one cubit wide. The space from the smaller ledge to the larger ledge shall be four cubits, and the ledge one cubit wide.
-
Ezekiel 43:17 וְהַֽחֵיק־ and the gutter
The ledge shall also be square, fourteen cubits long and fourteen cubits wide, with a rim of half a cubit and a gutter of a cubit all around it. The steps of the altar shall face east.”
Micah · 1
-
Micah 7:5 חֵיקֶ֔ךָ bosom your
Do not rely on a friend; do not trust in a companion. Seal the doors of your mouth from her who lies in your arms.
Here: 'Your bosom': the fold of the chest and arms, where one holds a wife, a child or a cherished lamb. 'The one lying in your bosom' echoes 'the wife of your bosom' (Deuteronomy 13:6; 28:54), so it means the wife, the innermost circle. 'Your' is now singular.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.