Hebrew word · H2983
יְבוּסִי
yevusi
Jebusite
A name for a people group: 'Jebusite', one of the peoples traditionally listed as living in Canaan (Genesis 10:16; 15:21; Exodus 3:8). In the Bible they are linked almost only with Jerusalem, which a few texts call 'Jebus' (Joshua 18:28; Judges 19:10–11; 1 Chronicles 11:4).
Appears 41 times in 39 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
Someone descended from Jebus(?) of the Canaanites, first mentioned at Gen.10.16; descended from Canaan (H3667); along with Sidon (H6721), Heth (H2845), Amorite (H0567), Girgashite (H1622), Hivite (H2340), Arkite (H6208), Sinite (H5513), Arvadite (H0721), Zemarite (H6786) and Hamathite (H2577)
§ Jebusite = "descendants of Jebus"
descendants of the 3rd son of Canaan who lived in or around the site of Jebus, the early name for Jerusalem
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
A name for a people group: 'Jebusite', one of the peoples traditionally listed as living in Canaan (Genesis 10:16; 15:21; Exodus 3:8). In the Bible they are linked almost only with Jerusalem, which a few texts call 'Jebus' (Joshua 18:28; Judges 19:10–11; 1 Chronicles 11:4).
- Against the English
English versions turn the Hebrew singular ('the Jebusite') into a plural ('the Jebusites'). That is correct in meaning, since the singular stands for the whole group. YLT keeps the singular.
- Used elsewhere in the period
No text outside the Bible uses the name 'Jebus' for the city. The Egyptian Amarna letters (14th century BC) call it Urusalim and its ruler Abdi-Heba, whose name includes the name of the Hurrian goddess Hebat. Some scholars therefore suggest a Hurrian or Hittite-linked ruling class, and the name of David-era Araunah the Jebusite (2 Samuel 24) may also be non-Semitic. This is possible but not proven. Jebusites still appear after David's conquest (2 Samuel 24:16–24), and Solomon puts the remaining Jebusites to forced labor (1 Kings 9:20–21).
From the study of Joshua 15:63
- Range of meaning
Gentilic noun (a word for a people): 'Jebusite', a member of the people the Bible associates with Jerusalem. Used in the singular for the group as a whole. The Bible also calls the city 'Jebus' (Josh 18:28; Judg 19:10–11; 1 Chr 11:4).
- Against the English
English versions pluralise it ('the Jebusites'). That is correct in meaning, but it hides the Hebrew habit of treating a people as one collective figure.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Appears in the stock lists of the peoples of Canaan (Gen 15:21; Exod 3:8; Deut 7:1; Josh 3:10) and as a descendant of Canaan (Gen 10:16). Outside the Bible, the Amarna letters (EA 285–290, 14th century BCE) show Jerusalem ruled by a king named Abdi-Heba, whose name points to a Hurrian element in the population. No non-biblical source names a people called 'Jebusites' or calls the city 'Jebus'.
From the study of Joshua 18:28
- Range of meaning
'Jebusite', a member of one of the pre-Israelite peoples of Canaan (Genesis 10:16; Joshua 3:10). The name is also used for the place they held: 'the Jebusite (town)', and in a few texts the shortened 'Jebus'.
- Against the English
BSB/ESV 'Jebus' presents it as a proper city name. KJV/YLT 'Jebusi' and WEB 'the Jebusite' keep the Hebrew, which is the people's name.
- How it drifted
Readers often take 'Jebus' as Jerusalem's original Canaanite name. The Hebrew here actually says 'the Jebusite', and outside the Bible the city is only ever called Urusalim/Jerusalem.
- Used elsewhere in the period
The Amarna letters (14th century BC) name the city Urusalim, ruled by Abdi-Heba. Egyptian Execration Texts likewise have a form of 'Rushalimum'. 'Jebus' as a city name appears only in Judges 19:10–11 and 1 Chronicles 11:4–5. Compare Joshua 15:8 and 18:16, 'the shoulder of the Jebusite (that is, Jerusalem)'.
Where it appears
Genesis · 2
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Genesis 10:16 הַיְבוּסִי֙ the Jebusite[s]
the Jebusites, the Amorites, the Girgashites,
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Genesis 15:21 הַיְבוּסִֽי׃ ס the Jebusite[s]
Amorites, Canaanites, Girgashites, and Jebusites.”
Exodus · 6
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Exodus 3:8 וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ and the Jebusite[s]
I have come down to rescue them from the hand of the Egyptians and to bring them up out of that land to a good and spacious land, a land flowing with milk and honey—the home of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites.
Here: 'And the Jebusite.' The people of Jebus, later Jerusalem, which they held until David took it (2 Sam 5:6–9). The list ends at the city that would become the centre of Israel's worship.
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Exodus 3:17 וְהַיְבוּסִ֑י and the Jebusite[s]
And I have promised to bring you up out of your affliction in Egypt, into the land of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites—a land flowing with milk and honey.’
Here: The people of Jebus, that is Jerusalem, which David later captured (Josh 15:63; 2 Sam 5:6–9). For later hearers, naming them last points ahead to the future royal city.
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Exodus 13:5 וְהַיְבוּסִ֗י and the Jebusite[s]
And when the LORD brings you into the land of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Hivites, and Jebusites—the land He swore to your fathers that He would give you, a land flowing with milk and honey—you shall keep this service in this month.
Here: The people of Jebus, the city that later became Jerusalem. David took it much later (2 Sam 5).
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Exodus 23:23 וְהַיְבוּסִ֑י and the Jebusite[s]
For My angel will go before you and bring you into the land of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Canaanites, Hivites, and Jebusites, and I will annihilate them.
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Exodus 33:2 וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ and the Jebusite[s]
And I will send an angel before you, and I will drive out the Canaanites, Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites.
Here: "And the Jebusite." These are the people of Jebus/Jerusalem, which was not taken until David (2 Sam 5). Ending the list with them points the promise toward the future capital.
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Exodus 34:11 וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ and the Jebusite[s]
Observe what I command you this day. I will drive out before you the Amorites, Canaanites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites.
Here: 'And the Jebusite': the people of Jerusalem (Jebus), who held the city until David took it (2 Sam 5:6–9). The list ends at the future royal and temple city.
Numbers · 1
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Numbers 13:29 וְהַיְבוּסִ֤י and the Jebusite[s]
The Amalekites live in the land of the Negev; the Hittites, Jebusites, and Amorites live in the hill country; and the Canaanites live by the sea and along the Jordan.”
Deuteronomy · 2
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Deuteronomy 7:1 וְהַיְבוּסִ֔י and the Jebusite[s]
When the LORD your God brings you into the land that you are entering to possess, and He drives out before you many nations—the Hittites, Girgashites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, seven nations larger and stronger than you—
Here: 'And the Jebusite': the people of Jebus/Jerusalem, who held the city until David took it (2 Sam 5:6–9).
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Deuteronomy 20:17 וְהַיְבוּסִ֑י and the Jebusite[s]
For you must devote them to complete destruction—the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites—as the LORD your God has commanded you,
Joshua · 10
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Joshua 3:10 וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ and the Jebusite[s]
He continued, “This is how you will know that the living God is among you and that He will surely drive out before you the Canaanites, Hittites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites, and Jebusites.
Here: The people of Jebus/Jerusalem. Josh 15:63 later admits Judah could not dispossess them, and the city was taken only under David (2 Sam 5:6–9).
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Joshua 9:1 וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ and the Jebusite[s]
Now when news of this reached all the kings west of the Jordan—those in the hill country, the foothills, and all along the coast of the Great Sea toward Lebanon (the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites)—
Here: The people of Jebus/Jerusalem. Their king, Adoni-zedek, leads the counter-attack in chapter 10.
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Joshua 11:3 וְהַיְבוּסִ֖י and the Jebusite[s]
to the Canaanites in the east and west; to the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, and Jebusites in the hill country; and to the Hivites at the foot of Hermon in the land of Mizpah.
Here: 'And the Jebusite', the people later tied to Jebus/Jerusalem. That a southern people appears in a northern coalition shows how far the list reaches: all the highland peoples are being called up.
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Joshua 12:8 וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ פ and the Jebusite[s]
the hill country, the foothills, the Arabah, the slopes, the wilderness, and the Negev—the lands of the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites):
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Joshua 15:8 הַיְבוּסִי֙ the Jebusite[s]
From there the border went up the Valley of Ben-hinnom along the southern slope of the Jebusites (that is, Jerusalem) and ascended to the top of the hill that faces the Valley of Hinnom on the west, at the northern end of the Valley of Rephaim.
Here: A singular word standing for the whole group: 'the Jebusite' means the Jebusite people and their town. They were the Canaanite population holding Jerusalem at the time.
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Joshua 15:63 הַיְבוּסִי֙ הַיְבוּסִ֜י the Jebusite[s]
But the descendants of Judah could not drive out the Jebusites living in Jerusalem. So to this day the Jebusites live there among the descendants of Judah.
Here: A singular word standing for the whole group: 'the Jebusite' means the Jebusite population, one of the peoples of Canaan listed in Deut 7:1 and Gen 10:16.
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Joshua 18:16 הַיְבוּסִי֙ the Jebusite[s]
Then it went down to the foot of the hill that faces the Valley of Ben-hinnom at the northern end of the Valley of Rephaim and ran down the Valley of Hinnom toward the southern slope of the Jebusites and downward to En-rogel.
Here: "The Jebusite" in the singular, meaning the Jebusite people or their city. Joshua 15:8 explains it: "that is, Jerusalem."
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Joshua 18:28 וְהַיְבוּסִ֨י and the Jebusite
Zelah, Haeleph, Jebus (that is, Jerusalem), Gibeah, and Kiriath-jearim—fourteen cities, along with their villages. This was the inheritance of the clans of the tribe of Benjamin.
Here: Literally 'the Jebusite', the name of a people used as the name of a place: 'the Jebusite (town)'. It names the city by the non-Israelite people who held it, the way 18:16 speaks of 'the shoulder of the Jebusite'.
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Joshua 24:11 וְהַיְבוּסִ֑י and the Jebusite[s]
After this, you crossed the Jordan and came to Jericho. The people of Jericho fought against you, as did the Amorites, Perizzites, Canaanites, Hittites, Girgashites, Hivites, and Jebusites, and I delivered them into your hand.
Judges · 4
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Judges 1:21 הַיְבוּסִי֙ הַיְבוּסִ֜י the Jebusite[s]
The Benjamites, however, failed to drive out the Jebusites living in Jerusalem. So to this day the Jebusites live there among the Benjamites.
Here: A singular noun used for the whole people, as Hebrew often does with group names: 'the Jebusite' means the Jebusite population. They were the pre-Israelite people who held Jerusalem.
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Judges 3:5 וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ and the Jebusite[s]
Thus the Israelites continued to live among the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites.
Here: The people of Jebus, that is, Jerusalem. Judges 1:21 says they lived on in Jerusalem 'with the Benjaminites to this day', and in Judges 19:11–12 the city is still foreign. The last name in the list was a reminder that even the future capital had not been taken.
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Judges 19:11 הַיְבוּסִ֥י the Jebusite[s]
When they were near Jebus and the day was almost gone, the servant said to his master, “Please, let us stop at this Jebusite city and spend the night here.”
2 Samuel · 4
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2 Samuel 5:6 הַיְבֻסִ֖י the Jebusite[s]
Now the king and his men marched to Jerusalem against the Jebusites who inhabited the land. The Jebusites said to David: “You will never get in here. Even the blind and lame can repel you.” For they thought, “David cannot get in here.”
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2 Samuel 5:8 יְבֻסִי֙ <of> a Jebusite
On that day he said, “Whoever attacks the Jebusites must use the water shaft to reach the lame and blind who are despised by David.” That is why it is said, “The blind and the lame will never enter the palace.”
Here: A singular standing for the whole group: 'a Jebusite', meaning the Jebusite people who had held Jerusalem since before Israel came into the land (Josh 15:63; Judg 1:21).
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2 Samuel 24:16 הַיְבֻסִֽי׃ ס the Jebusite
But when the angel stretched out his hand to destroy Jerusalem, the LORD relented from the calamity and said to the angel who was destroying the people, “Enough! Withdraw your hand now!” At that time the angel of the LORD was by the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.
Here: One of the people who lived in Jerusalem before Israel did. The place where judgment stops belongs to a non-Israelite, and David will have to buy it.
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2 Samuel 24:18 הַיְבֻסִֽי׃ the Jebusite
And that day Gad came to David and said to him, “Go up and build an altar to the LORD on the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.”
Here: He belongs to the people who held Jerusalem before David captured it (5:6–9). The site of Israel's future central sanctuary still belongs to a non-Israelite, so David will have to buy it (v.24).
1 Kings · 1
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1 Kings 9:20 וְהַיְבוּסִ֔י and the Jebusite[s]
As for all the people who remained of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites (the people who were not Israelites)—
1 Chronicles · 6
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1 Chronicles 1:14 הַיְבוּסִי֙ the Jebusite[s]
the Jebusites, the Amorites, the Girgashites,
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1 Chronicles 11:4 הַיְבוּסִ֔י the Jebusite[s]
Then David and all the Israelites marched to Jerusalem (that is, Jebus), where the Jebusites inhabited the land.
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1 Chronicles 11:6 יְבוּסִי֙ <of> a Jebusite
Now David had said, “Whoever is the first to strike down a Jebusite will become chief commander.” And Joab son of Zeruiah went up first, and he became the chief.
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1 Chronicles 21:15 הַיְבוּסִֽי׃ ס the Jebusite
Then God sent an angel to destroy Jerusalem, but as the angel was doing so, the LORD saw it and relented from the calamity, and He said to the angel who was destroying the people, “Enough! Withdraw your hand now!” At that time the angel of the LORD was standing by the threshing floor of Ornan the Jebusite.
Here: A member of the people who held Jerusalem before David captured it (11:4–5). The future holy site is still in foreign private hands. David will have to buy it (vv. 22–25).
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1 Chronicles 21:18 הַיְבֻסִֽי׃ the Jebusite
Then the angel of the LORD ordered Gad to tell David to go up and build an altar to the LORD on the threshing floor of Ornan the Jebusite.
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1 Chronicles 21:28 הַיְבוּסִ֑י the Jebusite
At that time, when David saw that the LORD had answered him at the threshing floor of Ornan the Jebusite, he offered sacrifices there.
2 Chronicles · 2
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2 Chronicles 3:1 הַיְבוּסִֽי׃ the Jebusite
Then Solomon began to build the house of the LORD in Jerusalem on Mount Moriah, where the LORD had appeared to his father David. This was the place that David had prepared on the threshing floor of Ornan the Jebusite.
Here: One of the pre-Israelite people of Jerusalem. The holiest site in Israel had been a non-Israelite's farm property, and David bought it legally at full price (1 Chr 21:24–25).
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2 Chronicles 8:7 וְהַיְבוּסִ֔י and the Jebusite[s]
As for all the people who remained of the Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites (these people were not Israelites)—
Ezra · 1
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Ezra 9:1 הַיְבוּסִ֗י the Jebusite[s]
After these things had been accomplished, the leaders approached me and said, “The people of Israel, including the priests and Levites, have not kept themselves separate from the surrounding peoples whose abominations are like those of the Canaanites, Hittites, Perizzites, Jebusites, Ammonites, Moabites, Egyptians, and Amorites.
Here: The inhabitants of Jerusalem before David (2 Samuel 5:6–9). They are long gone, but naming them in a scene set in Jerusalem is pointed.
Nehemiah · 1
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Nehemiah 9:8 וְהַיְבוּסִ֥י and the Jebusite[s]
You found his heart faithful before You, and made a covenant with him to give the land of the Canaanites and Hittites, of the Amorites and Perizzites, of the Jebusites and Girgashites—to give it to his descendants. You have kept Your promise, because You are righteous.
Here: The pre-Israelite inhabitants of Jerusalem, the city whose walls Nehemiah has just rebuilt.
Zechariah · 1
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Zechariah 9:7 כִּיבוּסִֽי׃ [will be] like a Jebusite
I will remove the blood from their mouths and the abominations from between their teeth. Then they too will become a remnant for our God; they will become like a clan in Judah, and Ekron will be like the Jebusites.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.