Hebrew word · H3481

יִשְׂרְאֵלִי

haiyisre'eli

Israel

A member of Israel, the people descended from Jacob/Israel. Used of individuals mainly where Israelite identity stands out against others, as in Leviticus 24:10, the 'Israelite' man fighting the son of an Egyptian.

Appears 5 times in 3 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

Someone descended from Israel who was a man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.26;

son of: Isaac (H3327) and Rebekah (H7259);

brother of: Esau (H6215); married to Rachel (H7354), Leah (H3812), Zilpah (H2153) and Bilhah (H1090A);

father of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Judah (H3063), Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074), Dinah (H1783), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144); also called Jacob frequently

Group of yis.ra.el (יִשְׂרָאֵל "Israel" H3478)

§ Israelite , of Israel "God prevails"

a descendant or inhabitant of the nation of Israel

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of 2 Samuel 17:25

Range of meaning

A member of Israel, the people descended from Jacob/Israel. Used of individuals mainly where Israelite identity stands out against others, as in Leviticus 24:10, the 'Israelite' man fighting the son of an Egyptian.

Against the English

KJV, WEB, YLT and NASB keep 'Israelite' from the Hebrew text. BSB, NIV and ESV switch to 'Ishmaelite' following 1 Chronicles 2:17. The supplied word data tags the word under H3481 but glosses it 'Ishmaelite', which reflects that editorial choice. 'Ishmaelite' is a different Hebrew word (יִשְׁמְעֵאלִי, H3459).

Used elsewhere in the period

1 Chronicles 2:17: 'the father of Amasa was Jether the Ishmaelite.' Greek manuscripts of 2 Samuel are divided, with readings like 'Jezreelite' and 'Ishmaelite' as well as 'Israelite'. The Talmud (b. Yevamot 77a) already notices the clash and harmonises it, for example by saying he was an Israelite who wore his sword like an Ishmaelite.

Where it appears

Leviticus · 4
  1. Leviticus 24:10 יִשְׂרְאֵלִ֔ית הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִ֔ית הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִֽי׃ Israelite, the Israelite [woman], the Israelite[s]

    Now the son of an Israelite mother and an Egyptian father went out among the Israelites, and a fight broke out in the camp between him and an Israelite.

  2. Leviticus 24:11 הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִ֤ית <the> Israelite

    The son of the Israelite woman blasphemed the Name with a curse. So they brought him to Moses. (His mother’s name was Shelomith daughter of Dibri, of the tribe of Dan.)

    Here: 'The Israelite.' The adjective is rare. It marks the mother as Israelite against the Egyptian father, so the son stands between the two peoples.

2 Samuel · 1
  1. 2 Samuel 17:25 הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִ֔י the Israelite

    Absalom had appointed Amasa over the army in place of Joab. Amasa was the son of a man named Ithra, the Ishmaelite who had married Abigail, the daughter of Nahash and sister of Zeruiah the mother of Joab.

    Here: The Hebrew as it stands says 'the Israelite'. 1 Chronicles 2:17 reads 'the Ishmaelite', and many scholars think that is the original. Calling an Israelite 'the Israelite' in Israel's own story would be an oddly pointless label (see textual notes).

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.