Hebrew word · H5321
נַפְתָּלִי
naftali
Naphtali
The proper name of Jacob's son by Bilhah, and of the tribe descended from him.
Appears 51 times in 47 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
A man of the tribe of Naphtali living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.30.8;
son of: Israel (H3478) and Bilhah (H1090A);
brother of: Dan (H1835H);
half-brother of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Judah (H3063), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074), Dinah (H1783), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144);
father of: Jahzeel (H3183), Guni (H1476), Jezer (H3337) and Shillem (H8006)
Also named: Nephthaleim (Νεφθαλείμ "Naphtali" G3508)
§ Naphtali = "wrestling"
1) the 5th son of Jacob and the 2nd by Bilhah the handmaid of Rachel
2) the tribe descended from Naphtali the son of Jacob
3) the territory assigned to the tribe of Naphtali
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Numbers 1:15
- Range of meaning
The proper name of Jacob's son by Bilhah, and of the tribe descended from him. Genesis 30:8 explains it with a pun on the root p-t-l, "to twist, wrestle": Rachel says naftulei ʾElohim niftalti, "wrestlings of God (that is, mighty wrestlings) I have wrestled with my sister." So the name sounds like "my wrestling."
- Against the English
English versions all transliterate it as "Naphtali," which loses the wordplay. A Hebrew hearer would have caught the echo of Rachel's struggle with Leah.
- Used elsewhere in the period
The tribe appears throughout the Pentateuch, Joshua 19:32–39 (its territory in upper Galilee), Judges 4–5 (Barak of Kedesh-Naphtali, and Naphtali praised for risking their lives "on the heights of the field," Judg 5:18), and Isaiah 9:1, which Matthew 4:13–15 quotes. LXX: Νεφθαλι (Nephthali).
From the study of Numbers 2:29
- Range of meaning
The personal name of Jacob's sixth son, born to Bilhah, Rachel's servant, and then the name of the tribe descended from him. Genesis 30:8 explains it with a play on words: "wrestlings of God I have wrestled with my sister" (naftulei elohim niftalti). The name sounds like the verb patal, "to twist, struggle."
- Against the English
English simply transliterates the name, which is right. The wordplay of Rachel's contest with Leah is lost on the English reader.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Genesis 30:8; 49:21 ("Naphtali is a doe let loose"); Deuteronomy 33:23; Judges 4–5 (Barak of Naphtali). The tribe later settled in upper Galilee, west of the Sea of Galilee.
- Range of meaning
A personal name and later a tribe in northern Galilee. It comes from the root פתל (patal): to twist, to be twisted, to wrestle or struggle.
- Against the English
Transliterated in all English versions, so the 'wrestling' meaning is lost. The Greek and Latin versions spell it 'Nephthali(m)', which is where the older English 'Nephthalim' comes from (Matthew 4:13, KJV).
- Used elsewhere in the period
Genesis 30:8: 'With mighty wrestlings (naftulei Elohim) I have wrestled (niftalti) with my sister, and I have prevailed.' 'Wrestlings of God' may simply mean 'tremendous struggles', since Hebrew sometimes uses 'God' to say that something is very great. The same root appears in Psalm 18:26 and Proverbs 8:8 meaning 'crooked, twisted'.
Where it appears
Genesis · 4
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Genesis 30:8 נַפְתָּלִֽי׃ Naphtali
Then Rachel said, “In my great struggles, I have wrestled with my sister and won.” So she named him Naphtali.
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Genesis 35:25 וְנַפְתָּלִֽי׃ and Naphtali
The sons of Rachel’s maidservant Bilhah were Dan and Naphtali.
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Genesis 46:24 נַפְתָּלִ֑י Naphtali
The sons of Naphtali: Jahzeel, Guni, Jezer, and Shillem.
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Genesis 49:21 נַפְתָּלִ֖י Naphtali
Naphtali is a doe set free that bears beautiful fawns.
Exodus · 1
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Exodus 1:4 וְנַפְתָּלִ֖י and Naphtali
Dan and Naphtali; Gad and Asher.
Here: Bilhah's second son. The name comes from a root meaning 'to twist' or 'to wrestle' (Genesis 30:8). The 'and' joins him to his full brother Dan, and the Hebrew accent marks a pause after his name, so the verse falls into two pairs.
Numbers · 11
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Numbers 1:15 לְנַ֨פְתָּלִ֔י for Naphtali
and from Naphtali, Ahira son of Enan.”
Here: The small prefix lə- means "for / belonging to / representing." It marks the tribe this man stands for. Naphtali was the sixth son of Jacob, born to Rachel's servant Bilhah, and the tribe that bore his name. It is the last of the twelve tribes named in this list.
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Numbers 1:42 נַפְתָּלִ֔י Naphtali
From the sons of Naphtali, according to the records of their clans and families, counting the names of all those twenty years of age or older who could serve in the army,
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Numbers 1:43 נַפְתָּלִ֑י Naphtali
those registered to the tribe of Naphtali numbered 53,400.
Here: The sixth son of Jacob, born to Rachel's servant Bilhah. Genesis 30:8 explains the name by Rachel's 'wrestlings of God' with her sister. Here it is the tribe descended from him.
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Numbers 2:29 נַפְתָּלִ֑י נַפְתָּלִ֔י Naphtali
Next will be the tribe of Naphtali. The leader of the Naphtalites is Ahira son of Enan,
Here: The tribe named for Jacob's son by Bilhah, Rachel's servant. The name recalls Rachel's words in Genesis 30:8 about "wrestlings" she had wrestled. The main pause in the chanting marks falls here and closes the first clause: "the tribe of Naphtali."
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Numbers 7:78 נַפְתָּלִ֑י Naphtali
On the twelfth day Ahira son of Enan, the leader of the Naphtalites, drew near.
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Numbers 10:27 נַפְתָּלִ֑י Naphtali
and Ahira son of Enan was over the division of the tribe of Naphtali.
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Numbers 13:14 נַפְתָּלִ֔י Naphtali
from the tribe of Naphtali, Nahbi son of Vophsi;
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Numbers 26:48 נַפְתָּלִי֙ Naphtali
These were the descendants of Naphtali by their clans: The Jahzeelite clan from Jahzeel, the Gunite clan from Guni,
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Numbers 26:50 נַפְתָּלִ֖י Naphtali
These were the clans of Naphtali, and their registration numbered 45,400.
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Numbers 34:28 נַפְתָּלִ֖י Naphtali
and Pedahel son of Ammihud, a leader from the tribe of Naphtali.”
Deuteronomy · 4
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Deuteronomy 27:13 וְנַפְתָּלִֽי׃ and Naphtali
And these tribes shall stand on Mount Ebal to deliver the curse: Reuben, Gad, Asher, Zebulun, Dan, and Naphtali.
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Deuteronomy 33:23 וּלְנַפְתָּלִ֣י נַפְתָּלִי֙ and of Naphtali, Naphtali
Concerning Naphtali he said: “Naphtali is abounding with favor, full of the blessing of the LORD; he shall take possession of the sea and the south.”
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Deuteronomy 34:2 נַפְתָּלִ֔י Naphtali
all of Naphtali, the land of Ephraim and Manasseh, all the land of Judah as far as the Western Sea,
Joshua · 6
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Joshua 19:32 נַפְתָּלִ֔י נַפְתָּלִ֖י Naphtali
The sixth lot came out for the clans of the tribe of Naphtali:
Here: Jacob's son by Bilhah, Rachel's servant (Gen 30:7–8). Here the name stands for the tribe that descended from him, which settled in what was later called Upper Galilee.
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Joshua 19:39 נַפְתָּלִ֖י Naphtali
This was the inheritance of the clans of the tribe of Naphtali, including these cities and their villages.
Here: Jacob's son by Bilhah, Rachel's servant. Genesis 30:8 ties the name to Rachel's 'wrestlings' (naftulê) with her sister. Here it is the name of the tribe and its territory in the upper Galilee.
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Joshua 20:7 נַפְתָּלִ֔י Naphtali
So they set apart Kedesh in Galilee in the hill country of Naphtali, Shechem in the hill country of Ephraim, and Kiriath-arba (that is, Hebron) in the hill country of Judah.
Here: The tribe whose allotment covered the northern highlands west of the upper Jordan and the lake. Its name labels the region.
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Joshua 21:6 נַפְתָּלִ֜י Naphtali
The descendants of Gershon received thirteen cities by lot from the tribes of Issachar, Asher, Naphtali, and the half-tribe of Manasseh in Bashan.
Here: A tribe in upper (eastern) Galilee. It gave three towns, including Kedesh in Galilee, one of the cities of refuge (Joshua 21:32; 20:7).
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Joshua 21:32 נַפְתָּלִ֜י Naphtali
And from the tribe of Naphtali they were given Kedesh in Galilee (a city of refuge for the manslayer), Hammoth-dor, and Kartan—three cities, together with their pasturelands.
Here: The northernmost tribe west of the Jordan. Its land lay in the hills of upper Galilee and along the west side of the Sea of Galilee (Josh 19:32–39).
Judges · 7
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Judges 1:33 נַפְתָּלִ֗י Naphtali
Naphtali failed to drive out the inhabitants of Beth-shemesh and Beth-anath. So the Naphtalites also lived among the Canaanite inhabitants of the land, but the inhabitants of Beth-shemesh and Beth-anath served them as forced laborers.
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Judges 4:6 נַפְתָּלִ֑י נַפְתָּלִ֖י Naphtali
She summoned Barak son of Abinoam from Kedesh in Naphtali and said to him, “Surely the LORD, the God of Israel, is commanding you: ‘Go and march to Mount Tabor, taking with you ten thousand men of Naphtali and Zebulun.
Here: Tells us which Kedesh: the one in the tribal land of Naphtali, in Galilee. That territory was close to Hazor, Jabin's capital, and suffered most from his rule.
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Judges 4:10 נַפְתָּלִי֙ Naphtali
where he summoned Zebulun and Naphtali. Ten thousand men followed him, and Deborah also went with him.
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Judges 5:18 וְנַפְתָּלִ֑י and Naphtali
Zebulun was a people who risked their lives; Naphtali, too, on the heights of the battlefield.
Here: The neighbouring tribe to the north. It has no verb of its own, so it shares Zebulun's action: 'and Naphtali [did the same].' Chapter 4 says these two tribes supplied Barak's 10,000 men (4:6, 10).
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Judges 6:35 וּבְנַפְתָּלִ֔י and in Naphtali
Calling them to arms, Gideon sent messengers throughout Manasseh, as well as Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali, so that they came up to meet him.
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Judges 7:23 מִנַּפְתָּלִ֥י from Naphtali
Then the men of Israel were called out from Naphtali, Asher, and all Manasseh, and they pursued the Midianites.
1 Kings · 3
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1 Kings 4:15 בְּנַפְתָּלִ֑י in Naphtali
Ahimaaz in Naphtali (he had married Basemath, a daughter of Solomon);
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1 Kings 7:14 נַפְתָּלִ֗י Naphtali
He was the son of a widow from the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a man of Tyre, a craftsman in bronze. Huram had great skill, understanding, and knowledge for every kind of bronze work. So he came to King Solomon and carried out all his work.
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1 Kings 15:20 נַפְתָּלִֽי׃ Naphtali
And Ben-hadad listened to King Asa and sent the commanders of his armies against the cities of Israel, conquering Ijon, Dan, Abel-beth-maacah, and the whole land of Naphtali, including the region of Chinnereth.
2 Kings · 1
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2 Kings 15:29 נַפְתָּלִ֑י Naphtali
In the days of Pekah king of Israel, Tiglath-pileser king of Assyria came and captured Ijon, Abel-beth-maacah, Janoah, Kedesh, Hazor, Gilead, and Galilee, including all the land of Naphtali, and he took the people as captives to Assyria.
Here: The tribe whose land lay west of the Jordan from the Huleh basin to the Sea of Galilee. Most of the towns named (Kedesh, Hazor, probably Janoah) were in it. The phrase is set beside 'Galilee' to explain it.
1 Chronicles · 7
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1 Chronicles 2:2 נַפְתָּלִ֖י Naphtali
Dan, Joseph, Benjamin, Naphtali, Gad, and Asher.
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1 Chronicles 6:62 נַפְתָּלִ֗י Naphtali
The Gershomites, according to their clans, were allotted thirteen cities from the tribes of Issachar, Asher, Naphtali, and Manasseh in Bashan.
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1 Chronicles 6:76 נַפְתָּלִ֗י Naphtali
And from the tribe of Naphtali they were given Kedesh in Galilee, Hammon, and Kiriathaim, together with their pasturelands.
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1 Chronicles 7:13 נַפְתָּלִ֗י Naphtali
The sons of Naphtali: Jahziel, Guni, Jezer, and Shallum—the descendants of Bilhah.
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1 Chronicles 12:34 וּמִנַּפְתָּלִ֖י and of Naphtali
From Naphtali: 1,000 commanders, accompanied by 37,000 men with shield and spear.
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1 Chronicles 12:40 וְנַפְתָּלִ֗י and Naphtali
And their neighbors from as far away as Issachar, Zebulun, and Naphtali came bringing food on donkeys, camels, mules, and oxen—abundant supplies of flour, fig cakes and raisin cakes, wine and oil, oxen and sheep. Indeed, there was joy in Israel.
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1 Chronicles 27:19 לְנַ֨פְתָּלִ֔י for Naphtali
over Zebulun was Ishmaiah son of Obadiah; over Naphtali was Jerimoth son of Azriel;
2 Chronicles · 2
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2 Chronicles 16:4 נַפְתָּלִֽי׃ Naphtali
And Ben-hadad listened to King Asa and sent the commanders of his armies against the cities of Israel, conquering Ijon, Dan, Abel-maim, and all the store cities of Naphtali.
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2 Chronicles 34:6 נַפְתָּלִ֑י Naphtali
Josiah did the same in the cities of Manasseh, Ephraim, and Simeon, as far as Naphtali, and in the ruins around them.
Psalms · 1
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Psalm 68:27 נַפְתָּלִֽי׃ Naphtali
There is Benjamin, the youngest, ruling them, the princes of Judah in their company, the princes of Zebulun and of Naphtali.
Here: The northernmost of the four tribes named, also praised in Judges 5:18. With Zebulun it stands for the far north, as Benjamin and Judah stand for the south.
Isaiah · 1
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Isaiah 9:1 נַפְתָּלִ֔י Naphtali
Nevertheless, there will be no more gloom for those in distress. In the past He humbled the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, but in the future He will honor the Way of the Sea, beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the nations:
Here: The tribal territory of upper Galilee and the west shore of the Sea of Kinnereth (Galilee). 2 Kings 15:29 names 'all the land of Naphtali' among Tiglath-pileser's conquests.
Ezekiel · 3
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Ezekiel 48:3 נַפְתָּלִ֥י Naphtali
Naphtali will have one portion bordering the territory of Asher from east to west.
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Ezekiel 48:4 נַפְתָּלִ֗י Naphtali
Manasseh will have one portion bordering the territory of Naphtali from east to west.
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Ezekiel 48:34 נַפְתָּלִ֖י Naphtali
And on the west side, which will be 4,500 cubits long, there will be three gates: the gate of Gad, the gate of Asher, and the gate of Naphtali.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.