Hebrew word · H3878

לֵוִי

levi

Levi

A personal name and the name of the priestly tribe. Genesis 29:34 links it to lavah, "to join, attach."

Appears 59 times in 57 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.29.34;

son of: Israel (H3478) and Leah (H3812);

brother of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Judah (H3063), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074) and Dinah (H1783);

half-brother of: Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144);

father of: Gershon (H1648), Kohath (H6955), Merari (H4847) and Jochebed (H3115)

§ Levi = "joined to"

the 3rd son of Jacob by Leah and progenitor of tribe of Levites

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of 1 Chronicles 2:1

Range of meaning

A personal name and the name of the priestly tribe. Genesis 29:34 links it to lavah, "to join, attach."

Against the English

In English it is only a name. For a Hebrew reader it carried the idea of being "attached," which later writers applied to the Levites being joined to the sanctuary (Numbers 18:2, 4 play on the same verb).

Used elsewhere in the period

Genesis 29:34; Numbers 18:2–4; 1 Chronicles 6 (the longest tribal genealogy in the book).

From the study of Joshua 13:14

Range of meaning

The name of Jacob's third son by Leah. It also names the tribe that came from him and serves as a word for a member of it ("Levite"). Gen 29:34 links the name to lāwâ, "to be joined".

Against the English

English readers often treat "Levite" and "priest" as the same thing. In the Pentateuch's system, priests are the Aaronic part of the tribe of Levi, and the other Levites serve as their assistants. Deuteronomy's phrase "the Levitical priests" joins the two ideas more closely.

Used elsewhere in the period

Gen 49:5–7: Jacob says Simeon and Levi will be "scattered in Israel" because of their violence. Exod 32:26–29: the Levites are set apart after the golden calf. Num 18:20–24: no portion of land, but the tithe. Deut 10:8–9 and 18:1–2: "YHWH is his inheritance." Josh 21: forty-eight towns with pasturelands are assigned to Levites.

Where it appears

Genesis · 6
  1. Genesis 29:34 לֵוִֽי׃ Levi

    Once again Leah conceived and gave birth to a son, and she said, “Now at last my husband will become attached to me, because I have borne him three sons.” So he was named Levi.

  2. Genesis 34:25 וְלֵוִ֜י and Levi

    Three days later, while they were still in pain, two of Jacob’s sons (Dinah’s brothers Simeon and Levi) took their swords, went into the unsuspecting city, and slaughtered every male.

  3. Genesis 34:30 לֵוִי֮ Levi

    Then Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, “You have brought trouble upon me by making me a stench to the Canaanites and Perizzites, the people of this land. We are few in number; if they unite against me and attack me, I and my household will be destroyed.”

    Here: Leah's third son, also Dinah's full brother. He is the ancestor of the later priestly tribe, which gives this scene and Genesis 49:5–7 extra weight for later readers.

  4. Genesis 35:23 וְלֵוִ֣י and Levi

    The sons of Leah were Reuben the firstborn of Jacob, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun.

  5. Genesis 46:11 לֵוִ֑י Levi

    The sons of Levi: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.

  6. Genesis 49:5 וְלֵוִ֖י and Levi

    Simeon and Levi are brothers; their swords are weapons of violence.

Exodus · 7
  1. Exodus 1:2 לֵוִ֖י Levi

    Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah;

  2. Exodus 2:1 לֵוִ֑י לֵוִֽי׃ Levi

    Now a man of the house of Levi married a Levite woman,

  3. Exodus 6:16 לֵוִ֔י Levi

    These were the names of the sons of Levi according to their records: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. Levi lived 137 years.

    Here: Levi the patriarch, now as the subject of the age notice.

  4. Exodus 6:19 הַלֵּוִ֖י the Levite[s]

    The sons of Merari were Mahli and Mushi. These were the clans of the Levites according to their records.

  5. Exodus 32:26 לֵוִֽי׃ Levi

    So Moses stood at the entrance to the camp and said, “Whoever is for the LORD, come to me.” And all the Levites gathered around him.

  6. Exodus 32:28 לֵוִ֖י Levi

    The Levites did as Moses commanded, and that day about three thousand of the people fell dead.

Numbers · 14
  1. Numbers 1:49 לֵוִי֙ Levi

    “Do not number the tribe of Levi in the census with the other Israelites.

  2. Numbers 3:15 לֵוִ֔י Levi

    “Number the Levites by their families and clans. You are to count every male a month old or more.”

  3. Numbers 3:17 לֵוִ֖י Levi

    These were the sons of Levi by name: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.

  4. Numbers 4:2 לֵוִ֑י Levi

    “Take a census of the Kohathites among the Levites by their clans and families,

  5. Numbers 16:7 לֵוִֽי׃ Levi

    and tomorrow you are to place fire and incense in them in the presence of the LORD. Then the man the LORD chooses will be the one who is holy. It is you sons of Levi who have taken too much upon yourselves!”

  6. Numbers 16:8 לֵוִֽי׃ Levi

    Moses also said to Korah, “Now listen, you sons of Levi!

  7. Numbers 16:10 לֵוִ֖י Levi

    He has brought you near, you and all your fellow Levites, but you are seeking the priesthood as well.

  8. Numbers 17:3 לֵוִ֑י Levi

    and write Aaron’s name on the staff of Levi, because there must be one staff for the head of each tribe.

  9. Numbers 17:8 לֵוִ֑י Levi

    The next day Moses entered the Tent of the Testimony and saw that Aaron’s staff, representing the house of Levi, had sprouted, put forth buds, blossomed, and produced almonds.

    Here: The tribe set apart for service at the sanctuary. Korah, a Levite, had just challenged Aaron's priesthood (ch. 16), so the sign also settles who ranks where inside Levi.

  10. Numbers 18:2 לֵוִ֜י Levi

    But bring with you also your brothers from the tribe of Levi, the tribe of your father, that they may join you and assist you and your sons before the Tent of the Testimony.

  11. Numbers 18:21 לֵוִ֔י Levi

    Behold, I have given to the Levites all the tithes in Israel as an inheritance in return for the work they do, the service of the Tent of Meeting.

    Here: Jacob's son, whose name stands for the tribe descended from him. In Numbers the Levites who are not priests are set apart to carry and guard the sanctuary (Num 3–4).

  12. Numbers 26:58 לֵוִ֗י Levi

    These were the families of the Levites: The Libnite clan, the Hebronite clan, the Mahlite clan, the Mushite clan, and the Korahite clan. Now Kohath was the father of Amram,

    Here: The tribal ancestor Levi, standing for the whole tribe. English versions often say 'the Levites', which gives the same sense.

  13. Numbers 26:59 לֵוִ֔י לְלֵוִ֖י Levi, to Levi

    and Amram’s wife was named Jochebed. She was also a daughter of Levi, born to Levi in Egypt. To Amram she bore Aaron, Moses, and their sister Miriam.

Deuteronomy · 5
  1. Deuteronomy 10:8 הַלֵּוִ֔י the Levite[s]

    At that time the LORD set apart the tribe of Levi to carry the ark of the covenant of the LORD, to stand before the LORD to serve Him, and to pronounce blessings in His name, as they do to this day.

    Here: Literally 'the Levite', a singular with the article used for the whole group. Deuteronomy often speaks of the tribe as one person, 'the Levite', which fits the 'his brothers' and 'his inheritance' of v. 9.

  2. Deuteronomy 18:1 לֵוִ֛י Levi

    The Levitical priests—indeed the whole tribe of Levi—shall have no portion or inheritance with Israel. They are to eat the food offerings to the LORD; that is their inheritance.

    Here: The ancestor's name, son of Jacob and Leah. The tribe is spoken of as one person, which explains the singular 'his' later in the verse and in verse 2.

  3. Deuteronomy 21:5 לֵוִי֒ Levi

    And the priests, the sons of Levi, shall come forward, for the LORD your God has chosen them to serve Him and pronounce blessings in His name and to give a ruling in every dispute and case of assault.

    Here: The tribe set apart for sacred service. "The priests, the sons of Levi" is a phrase Deuteronomy likes (compare 31:9), and it ties priestly authority to the tribe as a whole.

  4. Deuteronomy 27:12 וְלֵוִ֣י and Levi

    “When you have crossed the Jordan, these tribes shall stand on Mount Gerizim to bless the people: Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, and Benjamin.

  5. Deuteronomy 33:8 וּלְלֵוִ֣י and of Levi

    Concerning Levi he said: “Give Your Thummim to Levi and Your Urim to Your godly one, whom You tested at Massah and contested at the waters of Meribah.

    Here: Introduces the blessing for the tribe of Levi, Israel's priestly tribe. The prefix lǝ- here means 'concerning', as in the other headings of the chapter ('and of Judah', v.7).

Joshua · 3
  1. Joshua 13:14 הַלֵּוִ֔י the Levite[s]

    To the tribe of Levi, however, Moses had given no inheritance. The food offerings to the LORD, the God of Israel, are their inheritance, just as He had promised them.

    Here: "The Levite" taken as a group: the tribe that came from Jacob's son Levi and was set apart to serve at the sanctuary. The priests, Aaron's line, are part of this tribe.

  2. Joshua 13:33 הַלֵּוִ֔י the Levite[s]

    To the tribe of Levi, however, Moses had given no inheritance. The LORD, the God of Israel, is their inheritance, just as He had promised them.

    Here: Literally 'the Levite', a group name with 'the' in front: the tribe made up of Levi's descendants, the people set apart to serve at the sanctuary.

  3. Joshua 21:10 לֵוִ֑י Levi

    to the descendants of Aaron from the Kohathite clans of the Levites, because the first lot fell to them:

    Here: The tribal ancestor. The Levites received no tribal territory of their own, only towns with pasturelands scattered among the other tribes (Josh 13:14, 33; 21:1–3).

1 Kings · 1
  1. 1 Kings 12:31 לֵוִֽי׃ Levi

    Jeroboam also built shrines on the high places and appointed from every class of people priests who were not Levites.

1 Chronicles · 15
  1. 1 Chronicles 2:1 לֵוִ֣י Levi

    These were the sons of Israel: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun,

    Here: Leah's third son. Genesis 29:34 ties the name to lavah, "to be joined" ("now my husband will be attached to me"). For Chronicles' readers Levi stood for the temple's priestly and Levitical families, who get the longest genealogy of all (ch. 6).

  2. 1 Chronicles 6:1 לֵוִ֑י Levi

    The sons of Levi: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.

  3. 1 Chronicles 6:16 לֵוִ֑י Levi

    The sons of Levi: Gershom, Kohath, and Merari.

  4. 1 Chronicles 6:38 לֵוִ֖י Levi

    the son of Izhar, the son of Kohath, the son of Levi, the son of Israel.

  5. 1 Chronicles 6:43 לֵוִֽי׃ ס Levi

    the son of Jahath, the son of Gershom, the son of Levi.

  6. 1 Chronicles 6:47 לֵוִֽי׃ ס Levi

    the son of Mahli, the son of Mushi, the son of Merari, the son of Levi.

  7. 1 Chronicles 9:18 לֵוִֽי׃ Levi

    he was previously stationed at the King’s Gate on the east side. These were the gatekeepers from the camp of the Levites.

  8. 1 Chronicles 12:26 הַלֵּוִ֔י the Levite[s]

    From Levi: 4,600,

  9. 1 Chronicles 21:6 וְלֵוִי֙ and Levi

    But Joab did not include Levi and Benjamin in the count, because the king’s command was detestable to him.

  10. 1 Chronicles 23:6 לֵוִ֔י Levi

    Then David divided the Levites into divisions according to the sons of Levi: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.

  11. 1 Chronicles 23:14 הַלֵּוִֽי׃ the Levite[s]

    As for Moses the man of God, his sons were named among the tribe of Levi.

  12. 1 Chronicles 23:24 לֵוִי֩ Levi

    These were the descendants of Levi by their families—the heads of families, registered individually by name—those twenty years of age or older who worked in the service of the house of the LORD.

  13. 1 Chronicles 23:27 לֵוִ֑י Levi

    For according to the final instructions of David, the Levites twenty years of age or older were counted,

  14. 1 Chronicles 24:20 לֵוִ֖י Levi

    Now these were the rest of the descendants of Levi: From the sons of Amram: Shubael; from the sons of Shubael: Jehdeiah.

  15. 1 Chronicles 27:17 לְלֵוִ֛י for Levi

    over Levi was Hashabiah son of Kemuel; over Aaron was Zadok;

Nehemiah · 2
  1. Nehemiah 10:39 הַלֵּוִ֗י the Levites

    For the Israelites and the Levites are to bring the contributions of grain, new wine, and oil to the storerooms where the articles of the sanctuary are kept and where the ministering priests, the gatekeepers, and the singers stay. Thus we will not neglect the house of our God.”

  2. Nehemiah 12:23 לֵוִי֙ Levi

    As for the descendants of Levi, the family heads up to the days of Johanan son of Eliashib were recorded in the Book of the Chronicles.

    Here: The ancestor of the tribe that served at the temple. Here it names the Levites who were not priests: singers, gatekeepers and temple assistants.

Psalms · 1
  1. Psalm 135:20 הַ֭לֵּוִי the Levites

    O house of Levi, bless the LORD; you who fear the LORD, bless the LORD!

Ezekiel · 1
  1. Ezekiel 40:46 לֵוִ֛י Levi

    and the chamber that faces north is for the priests who keep charge of the altar. These are the sons of Zadok, the only Levites who may approach the LORD to minister before Him.”

Zechariah · 1
  1. Zechariah 12:13 לֵוִי֙ Levi

    the clan of the house of Levi and their wives, the clan of Shimei and their wives,

Malachi · 3
  1. Malachi 2:4 לֵוִ֔י Levi

    Then you will know that I have sent you this commandment so that My covenant with Levi may continue,” says the LORD of Hosts.

  2. Malachi 2:8 הַלֵּוִ֔י <the> Levi

    But you have departed from the way, and your instruction has caused many to stumble. You have violated the covenant of Levi,” says the LORD of Hosts.

    Here: Levi, the ancestor of the priestly tribe. The article ("the Levi") may make it mean "the Levite", the tribe as a whole. The covenant was given to the forefather and binds his descendants who now serve.

  3. Malachi 3:3 לֵוִי֙ Levi

    And He will sit as a refiner and purifier of silver; He will purify the sons of Levi and refine them like gold and silver. Then they will present offerings to the LORD in righteousness.

    Here: The priestly tribe. Malachi has already accused 'Levi' of breaking his covenant (2:4–9). The refining starts with the people in charge of worship.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.