Hebrew word · H836
אָשֵׁר
'asher
Asher
Three of the twelve tribal names of Israel, used here for regions of the former northern kingdom: Asher in the north-west, Manasseh in the central highlands and Zebulun in lower Galilee.
Appears 43 times in 41 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
A man of the tribe of Asher living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.30.13;
son of: Israel (H3478) and Zilpah (H2153);
brother of: Gad (H1410);
half-brother of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Judah (H3063), Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074), Dinah (H1783), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144);
father of: Imnah (H3232), Ishvah (H3438), Ishvi (H3440), Beriah (H1283) and Serah (H8294); also translated "pine" or "cypress wood" at Ezk.27.6(?); Ashurite at 2Sa.2.9(?);
§ Asher = "happy"
1) son of Jacob and Zilpah
2) the tribe descended from Asher
3) a city east of Shechem in Manasseh
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of 2 Chronicles 30:11
- Range of meaning
Three of the twelve tribal names of Israel, used here for regions of the former northern kingdom: Asher in the north-west, Manasseh in the central highlands and Zebulun in lower Galilee.
- Against the English
English versions agree on the names. What English readers may miss is that these names belonged to territories that were, by this point, no longer an independent kingdom. Assyria had annexed Galilee and then Samaria.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Galilee was annexed by Tiglath-pileser III around 732 BC (2 Kings 15:29), and Samaria fell around 722 BC (2 Kings 17). Earlier in Chronicles, the same kind of movement south is reported after the kingdom split (2 Chronicles 11:16) and under Asa (15:9).
From the study of Deuteronomy 33:24
- Range of meaning
A personal and tribal name. Genesis 30:13 explains it through the root ʾ-š-r, "happy, fortunate": Leah says, "Happy am I! For women will call me happy (ʾiššĕrûnî)." The same root gives ʾašrê, "how fortunate is…", the opening word of Psalm 1. A separate root spelled the same way means "to step, go straight" and gives the noun ʾaššûr, "step, footstep" (Ps 17:5; Job 31:7).
- Against the English
English versions simply write "Asher", which is correct. But an English reader misses that the name itself means "Fortunate" or "Happy", so in Hebrew the line sounds like "Blessed above the sons is Fortunate."
- Used elsewhere in the period
Genesis 30:13 (naming); Genesis 49:20 (Jacob's blessing of Asher); Joshua 19:24–31 (territory); Judges 1:31–32; 5:17. Egyptian texts of the 13th century BC (e.g. Papyrus Anastasi I) mention a region called something like "ʾIsr" in the western Galilee area. Some scholars link it to Asher, but the link is debated.
- Range of meaning
A personal name and a tribe on the northern coastal plain, from the root אשר (ashar), 'to be happy, to call blessed'. It is the same root as ashrei, 'blessed/happy is…' (Psalm 1:1).
- Against the English
Transliterated. The connection English readers might know, the 'Blessed is the man' of Psalm 1:1, is invisible in English.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Genesis 30:13: 'In my happiness (be'oshri)! For women will call me happy (ishruni).' Egyptian records from the reigns of Seti I and Ramesses II (13th century BC) mention a region called 'sr in western Galilee. Scholars debate whether it is connected with the tribe of Asher.
Where it appears
Genesis · 4
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Genesis 30:13 אָשֵֽׁר׃ Asher
Leah said, “How happy I am! For the women call me happy.” So she named him Asher.
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Genesis 35:26 וְאָשֵׁ֑ר and Asher
And the sons of Leah’s maidservant Zilpah were Gad and Asher. These are the sons of Jacob, who were born to him in Paddan-aram.
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Genesis 46:17 אָשֵׁ֗ר Asher
The children of Asher: Imnah, Ishvah, Ishvi, Beriah, and their sister Serah. The sons of Beriah: Heber and Malchiel.
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Genesis 49:20 מֵאָשֵׁ֖ר from Asher
Asher’s food will be rich; he shall provide royal delicacies.
Exodus · 1
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Exodus 1:4 וְאָשֵֽׁר׃ and Asher
Dan and Naphtali; Gad and Asher.
Here: Zilpah's second son. The name comes from the root for 'happy' or 'blessed' (Genesis 30:13). He is the last name in the list, and the final accent closes the roll of Jacob's sons before the total in verse 5.
Numbers · 12
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Numbers 1:13 לְאָשֵׁ֕ר for Asher
from Asher, Pagiel son of Ocran;
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Numbers 1:40 אָשֵׁ֔ר Asher
From the sons of Asher, according to the records of their clans and families, counting the names of all those twenty years of age or older who could serve in the army,
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Numbers 1:41 אָשֵׁ֑ר Asher
those registered to the tribe of Asher numbered 41,500.
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Numbers 2:27 אָשֵׁ֑ר אָשֵׁ֔ר Asher
The tribe of Asher will camp next to it. The leader of the Asherites is Pagiel son of Ocran,
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Numbers 7:72 אָשֵׁ֑ר Asher
On the eleventh day Pagiel son of Ocran, the leader of the Asherites, drew near.
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Numbers 10:26 אָשֵׁ֑ר Asher
Pagiel son of Ocran was over the division of the tribe of Asher,
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Numbers 13:13 אָשֵׁ֔ר Asher
from the tribe of Asher, Sethur son of Michael;
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Numbers 26:44 אָשֵׁר֮ Asher
These were the descendants of Asher by their clans: The Imnite clan from Imnah, the Ishvite clan from Ishvi, and the Beriite clan from Beriah.
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Numbers 26:46 אָשֵׁ֖ר Asher
And the name of Asher’s daughter was Serah.
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Numbers 26:47 אָשֵׁ֖ר Asher
These were the clans of Asher, and their registration numbered 53,400.
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Numbers 34:27 אָשֵׁ֖ר Asher
Ahihud son of Shelomi, a leader from the tribe of Asher;
Deuteronomy · 3
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Deuteronomy 27:13 וְאָשֵׁ֔ר and Asher
And these tribes shall stand on Mount Ebal to deliver the curse: Reuben, Gad, Asher, Zebulun, Dan, and Naphtali.
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Deuteronomy 33:24 וּלְאָשֵׁ֣ר אָשֵׁ֑ר and of Asher, Asher
And concerning Asher he said: “May Asher be the most blessed of sons; may he be the most favored among his brothers and dip his foot in oil.
Here: The same formula opens each tribe's blessing in this chapter ("and concerning X he said"). The prefix lĕ- here means "about" or "for" Asher, not speaking "to" him. The name was understood as "Happy" (Genesis 30:13), so it already sounds like a blessing.
Joshua · 8
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Joshua 17:7 מֵֽאָשֵׁ֔ר from Asher
Now the border of Manasseh went from Asher to Michmethath near Shechem, then southward to include the inhabitants of En-tappuah.
Here: The starting point of the line. It could be the tribe of Asher to the north, but it is more likely a town called Asher east of Shechem, because the next place named (Michmethath) is close to Shechem.
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Joshua 17:10 וּבְאָשֵׁר֙ and <on> Asher
Ephraim’s territory was to the south, and Manasseh’s was to the north, having the Sea as its border and adjoining Asher on the north and Issachar on the east.
Here: "And on Asher." Here be- means "against" or "into": the territory runs up against Asher's land. Asher was the tribe along the coast around and north of Mount Carmel.
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Joshua 17:11 וּבְאָשֵׁ֗ר and in Asher
Within Issachar and Asher, Manasseh was assigned Beth-shean, Ibleam, Dor (that is, Naphath), Endor, Taanach, and Megiddo, each with their surrounding settlements.
Here: Asher held the coastal plain north of Manasseh. Dor, on the coast, is the town most naturally linked to Asher's side.
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Joshua 19:24 אָשֵׁ֖ר Asher
The fifth lot came out for the clans of the tribe of Asher:
Here: The eighth son of Jacob, born to Zilpah, Leah's servant. Leah named him from the root for 'happy, fortunate' (Gen 30:13). Here the name stands for the tribe descended from him.
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Joshua 19:31 אָשֵׁ֖ר Asher
This was the inheritance of the clans of the tribe of Asher, including these cities and their villages.
Here: The tribe's ancestor. Leah named him for happiness: 'Happy am I, for women will call me happy' (Genesis 30:13). Here it simply names the tribe.
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Joshua 19:34 וּבְאָשֵׁר֙ and <on> Asher
Then the border turned westward to Aznoth-tabor and ran from there to Hukkok, touching Zebulun on the south side, Asher on the west, and Judah at the Jordan on the east.
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Joshua 21:6 אָ֠שֵׁר Asher
The descendants of Gershon received thirteen cities by lot from the tribes of Issachar, Asher, Naphtali, and the half-tribe of Manasseh in Bashan.
Here: A tribe on the western Galilean coast and hill country. It gave four towns (Joshua 21:30–31).
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Joshua 21:30 אָשֵׁ֔ר Asher
From the tribe of Asher they were given Mishal, Abdon,
Judges · 4
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Judges 1:31 אָשֵׁ֗ר Asher
Asher failed to drive out the inhabitants of Acco, Sidon, Ahlab, Achzib, Helbah, Aphik, and Rehob.
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Judges 5:17 אָשֵׁ֗ר Asher
Gilead remained beyond the Jordan. Dan, why did you linger by the ships? Asher stayed at the coast and remained in his harbors.
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Judges 6:35 בְּאָשֵׁ֤ר in Asher
Calling them to arms, Gideon sent messengers throughout Manasseh, as well as Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali, so that they came up to meet him.
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Judges 7:23 אָשֵׁ֖ר Asher
Then the men of Israel were called out from Naphtali, Asher, and all Manasseh, and they pursued the Midianites.
1 Kings · 1
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1 Kings 4:16 בְּאָשֵׁ֖ר in Asher
Baana son of Hushai in Asher and in Aloth;
1 Chronicles · 6
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1 Chronicles 2:2 וְאָשֵֽׁר׃ ס and Asher
Dan, Joseph, Benjamin, Naphtali, Gad, and Asher.
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1 Chronicles 6:62 אָשֵׁ֜ר Asher
The Gershomites, according to their clans, were allotted thirteen cities from the tribes of Issachar, Asher, Naphtali, and Manasseh in Bashan.
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1 Chronicles 6:74 אָשֵׁ֔ר Asher
From the tribe of Asher they were given Mashal, Abdon,
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1 Chronicles 7:30 אָשֵׁ֗ר Asher
The children of Asher: Imnah, Ishvah, Ishvi, Beriah, and their sister Serah.
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1 Chronicles 7:40 אָ֠שֵׁר Asher
All these were the descendants of Asher—heads of their families, choice and mighty men of valor, and chiefs among the leaders. The number of men fit for battle, recorded in their genealogies, was 26,000.
Here: Jacob's eighth son, born to Zilpah (Gen 30:12–13), whose name plays on 'happy, blessed'. His tribe held the coastal hill country of western Galilee.
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1 Chronicles 12:36 וּמֵאָשֵׁ֗ר and of Asher
From Asher: 40,000 fit for service, prepared for battle.
2 Chronicles · 1
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2 Chronicles 30:11 מֵאָשֵׁ֥ר from Asher
Nevertheless, some from Asher, Manasseh, and Zebulun humbled themselves and came to Jerusalem.
Here: "From Asher", the tribal territory in the far north-west, inland from the Mediterranean coast. It is among the most distant areas named, and verse 10's list of the couriers' route does not mention it.
Ezekiel · 3
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Ezekiel 48:2 אָשֵׁ֥ר Asher
Asher will have one portion bordering the territory of Dan from east to west.
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Ezekiel 48:3 אָשֵׁ֗ר Asher
Naphtali will have one portion bordering the territory of Asher from east to west.
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Ezekiel 48:34 אָשֵׁר֙ Asher
And on the west side, which will be 4,500 cubits long, there will be three gates: the gate of Gad, the gate of Asher, and the gate of Naphtali.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.