עָצוּם

Genesis 18:18 וְעָצ֑וּם and mighty

Abraham will surely become a great and powerful nation, and through him all the nations of the earth will be blessed.

Here: Strong because many. The word joins large numbers and power, and the Greek translators chose 'numerous' here. This adjective is not in 12:2.

Exodus 1:9 וְעָצ֖וּם and mighty

“Look,” he said to his people, “the Israelites have become too numerous and too powerful for us.

Numbers 14:12 וְעָצ֖וּם and mighty

I will strike them with a plague and destroy them—and I will make you into a nation greater and mightier than they are.”

Numbers 22:6 עָצ֥וּם [is too] mighty

So please come now and put a curse on this people, because they are too mighty for me. Perhaps I may be able to defeat them and drive them out of the land; for I know that those you bless are blessed, and those you curse are cursed.”

Numbers 32:1 עָצ֣וּם numerous

Now the Reubenites and Gadites, who had very large herds and flocks, surveyed the lands of Jazer and Gilead, and they saw that the region was suitable for livestock.

Here: 'Massive', so many that the number becomes a kind of strength. It is set apart from 'much' at the other end of the clause, which stretches the description out for emphasis.

Deuteronomy 4:38 וַעֲצֻמִ֛ים and mighty

to drive out before you nations greater and mightier than you, and to bring you into their land and give it to you for your inheritance, as it is this day.

Deuteronomy 7:1 וַעֲצוּמִ֖ים and mighty

When the LORD your God brings you into the land that you are entering to possess, and He drives out before you many nations—the Hittites, Girgashites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, seven nations larger and stronger than you—

Here: 'And mighty.' The word covers both sheer numbers and strength, the kind of mass that overwhelms.

Deuteronomy 9:1 וַעֲצֻמִ֖ים and mighty

Hear, O Israel: Today you are about to cross the Jordan to go in and dispossess nations greater and stronger than you, with large cities fortified to the heavens.

Here: The word means both 'numerous' and 'powerful', the strength that comes from sheer numbers (compare Exod 1:9, where Pharaoh says Israel is 'more numerous and mighty' than Egypt). The tables are now turned.

Deuteronomy 9:14 עָצ֥וּם mighty

Leave Me alone, so that I may destroy them and blot out their name from under heaven. Then I will make you into a nation mightier and greater than they are.”

Here: 'Mighty': strong in power and often in numbers. Deuteronomy 9:1 used the same word for the Canaanite nations Israel feared.

Deuteronomy 11:23 וַעֲצֻמִ֖ים and mighty

then the LORD will drive out all these nations before you, and you will dispossess nations greater and stronger than you.

Deuteronomy 26:5 עָצ֥וּם mighty

and you are to declare before the LORD your God, “My father was a wandering Aramean, and he went down to Egypt few in number and lived there and became a great nation, mighty and numerous.

Here: 'Mighty', strong in sheer numbers. It recalls Exod 1:7, 9, where Israel 'grew mighty' and Pharaoh feared a people 'more numerous and mighty than we'. That fear is what leads to the oppression in v. 6.

Joshua 23:9 וַעֲצוּמִ֑ים and mighty

The LORD has driven out great and powerful nations before you, and to this day no one can stand against you.

Psalm 10:10 בַּ֝עֲצוּמָ֗יו among mighty [ones] his

They are crushed and beaten down; the helpless fall prey to his strength.

Psalm 35:18 עָצ֣וּם numerous

Then I will give You thanks in the great assembly; I will praise You among many people.

Psalm 135:10 עֲצוּמִֽים׃ mighty

He struck down many nations and slaughtered mighty kings:

Proverbs 7:26 וַ֝עֲצֻמִ֗ים and [are] numerous

For she has brought many down to death; her slain are many in number.

Proverbs 18:18 עֲצוּמִ֣ים mighty [people]

Casting the lot ends quarrels and separates strong opponents.

Proverbs 30:26 עָצ֑וּם mighty

the rock badgers are creatures of little power, yet they make their homes in the rocks;

Here: "Mighty" or "powerful". It is often said of great nations and armies, sometimes with the idea of large numbers. "Not mighty" means the hyraxes have no fighting power and no way to defend themselves in the open.

Isaiah 8:7 הָעֲצוּמִים֙ <the> mighty

the Lord will surely bring against them the mighty floodwaters of the Euphrates—the king of Assyria and all his pomp. It will overflow its channels and overrun its banks.

Here: "Mighty", with a sense of overwhelming strength and mass. Elsewhere the word describes powerful, numerous peoples (Exod 1:9; Joel 2:2), so it already points toward an army.

Isaiah 53:12 עֲצוּמִים֮ mighty [people]

Therefore I will allot Him a portion with the great, and He will divide the spoils with the strong, because He has poured out His life unto death, and He was numbered with the transgressors. Yet He bore the sin of many and made intercession for the transgressors.

Here: 'The strong' or 'the numerous.' It is regularly paired with rab, 'many' (Exod 1:9; Deut 9:14; Joel 2:2), so the pair can mean 'a vast, powerful multitude'.

Isaiah 60:22 עָצ֑וּם mighty

The least of you will become a thousand, and the smallest a mighty nation. I am the LORD; in its time I will accomplish it quickly.

Here: Mighty because it is numerous. The word combines size and power, as when Pharaoh calls Israel "more numerous and mightier than we" (Exod 1:9).

Daniel 8:24 עֲצוּמִ֖ים mighty [ones]

His power will be great, but it will not be his own. He will cause terrible destruction and succeed in whatever he does. He will destroy the mighty men along with the holy people.

Here: "Mighty ones." It shares a root with the first word of the verse: the one whose strength "became mighty" now destroys "the mighty." It most likely means powerful rivals and rulers. Some read it as the same group as the holy people, and some as the heavenly host of verse 10.

Daniel 11:25 וְעָצ֖וּם and mighty

And with a large army he will stir up his power and his courage against the king of the South, who will mobilize a very large and powerful army but will not withstand the plots devised against him.

Joel 1:6 עָצ֖וּם mighty

For a nation has invaded My land, powerful and without number; its teeth are the teeth of a lion, and its fangs are the fangs of a lioness.

Joel 2:2 וְעָצ֔וּם and mighty

a day of darkness and gloom, a day of clouds and blackness. Like the dawn overspreading the mountains a great and strong army appears, such as never was of old, nor will ever be in ages to come.

Here: 'And mighty'. Its root covers both strength and great numbers, so 'numerous and mighty' is close to one idea: overwhelming in size and power. The same pair of words describes Israel growing in Egypt (Exod 1:9) and the locust 'nation' of Joel 1:6.

Joel 2:5 עָצ֔וּם mighty

With a sound like that of chariots they bound over the mountaintops, like the crackling of fire consuming stubble, like a mighty army deployed for battle.

Joel 2:11 עָצ֖וּם [is] mighty

The LORD raises His voice in the presence of His army. Indeed, His camp is very large, for mighty are those who obey His command. For the Day of the LORD is great and very dreadful. Who can endure it?

Here: 'Mighty.' The word means strong and vast in numbers together. Joel uses it again and again for the invader (1:6; 2:2, 5), which suggests it describes the army here too.

Amos 5:12 וַעֲצֻמִ֖ים and numerous

For I know that your transgressions are many and your sins are numerous. You oppress the righteous by taking bribes; you deprive the poor of justice in the gate.

Here: "And mighty / massive": the word covers both size and strength. Paired with "many," it echoes the usual pairing for a great nation, here turned onto Israel's sins.

Micah 4:3 עֲצֻמִ֖ים mighty

Then He will judge between many peoples and arbitrate for strong nations far and wide. Then they will beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation will no longer take up the sword against nation, nor will they train anymore for war.

Here: Strong and numerous, the word used for powerful nations Israel could not beat by itself (Deut 4:38; 7:1). Even the great powers submit to this arbitration.

Micah 4:7 עָצ֑וּם mighty

And I will make the lame into a remnant, the outcast into a strong nation. Then the LORD will rule over them in Mount Zion from that day and forever.

Here: Means both 'strong' and 'numerous'. It echoes the promise to Abraham of a 'great and mighty nation' (Gen 18:18) and Israel's growth in Egypt (Exod 1:9).

Zechariah 8:22 עֲצוּמִ֔ים mighty

And many peoples and strong nations will come to seek the LORD of Hosts in Jerusalem and to plead before the LORD.”

Here: "Mighty" or "vast." The word covers both strength and great numbers. Deuteronomy uses it of the nations "greater and mightier than you" that Israel faced (Deut 7:1; 9:1). Here those nations come as worshippers instead of threats.