שָׁטַף

Leviticus 6:28 וְשֻׁטַּ֖ף and it will be rinsed

The clay pot in which the sin offering is boiled must be broken; if it is boiled in a bronze pot, the pot must be scoured and rinsed with water.

Leviticus 15:11 שָׁטַ֣ף he has rinsed

If the man with the discharge touches anyone without first rinsing his hands with water, the one who was touched must wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he will be unclean until evening.

Leviticus 15:12 יִשָּׁטֵ֖ף it will be rinsed

Any clay pot that the man with the discharge touches must be broken, and any wooden utensil must be rinsed with water.

1 Kings 22:38 וַיִּשְׁטֹ֨ף and someone washed off

And the chariot was washed at the pool of Samaria where the prostitutes bathed, and the dogs licked up Ahab’s blood, according to the word that the LORD had spoken.

Here: 'And someone rinsed off.' The verb is for water washing over or flushing something out, as when a vessel is rinsed (Lev 15:12). The subject is left unnamed, so in English it works like a passive: 'the chariot was rinsed.' What was being flushed out was the blood that had pooled in the chariot floor (v. 35).

2 Chronicles 32:4 הַשּׁוֹטֵ֥ף which flowed

Many people assembled and stopped up all the springs and the stream that flowed through the land. “Why should the kings of Assyria come and find plenty of water?” they said.

Job 14:19 תִּשְׁטֹֽף־ it washes off

as water wears away the stones and torrents wash away the soil, so You destroy a man’s hope.

Psalm 69:2 שְׁטָפָֽתְנִי׃ it has overflowed me

I have sunk into the miry depths, where there is no footing; I have drifted into deep waters, where the flood engulfs me.

Here: 'It has swept over me': water rushing over and carrying off what is in its path. The speaker, who was the subject of 'I have sunk' and 'I have come', is now only the object of the verb, the thing the water acts on.

Psalm 69:15 תִּשְׁטְפֵ֤נִי׀ it overflow me

Do not let the floods engulf me or the depths swallow me up; let not the Pit close its mouth over me.

Psalm 78:20 יִ֫שְׁטֹ֥פוּ they overflowed

When He struck the rock, water gushed out and torrents raged. But can He also give bread or supply His people with meat?”

Here: 'They overflowed' or 'they ran in flood'. It is a flash-flood word (compare Isaiah 28:2, 17). The speakers admit that the water came in overwhelming quantity.

Psalm 124:4 שְׁטָפ֑וּנוּ they had overflowed us

then the floods would have engulfed us, then the torrent would have overwhelmed us,

Song of Songs 8:7 יִשְׁטְפ֑וּהָ they will overflow it

Mighty waters cannot quench love; rivers cannot sweep it away. If a man were to give all the wealth of his house for love, his offer would be utterly scorned.

Isaiah 8:8 שָׁטַ֣ף it will overflow

It will pour into Judah, swirling and sweeping over it, reaching up to the neck; its spreading streams will cover your entire land, O Immanuel!

Here: The usual word for a flash flood that overruns everything and carries it off (compare Isaiah's 'overflowing scourge' in 28:15, 18). It stands without 'and' in front of it, which gives the line an urgent, rushing pace.

Isaiah 10:22 שׁוֹטֵ֥ף [is] about to overflow

Though your people, O Israel, be like the sand of the sea, only a remnant will return. Destruction has been decreed, overflowing with righteousness.

Here: 'Flooding, overflowing': the action is under way, like a river in spate. Isaiah used the same verb in 8:8 for Assyria pouring over Judah like the Euphrates in flood.

Isaiah 28:2 שֹׁטְפִ֛ים overflowing

Behold, the Lord has one who is strong and mighty. Like a hailstorm or destructive tempest, like a driving rain or flooding downpour, he will smash that crown to the ground.

Here: 'Sweeping, overflowing': water that washes everything before it. It is the key word of this chapter. Isaiah has already used it of the king of Assyria flooding the land (8:7-8), and it comes back as the 'overwhelming scourge' in 28:15, 18.

Isaiah 28:15 שׁוֹטֵ֤ף overflowing

For you said, “We have made a covenant with death; we have fashioned an agreement with Sheol. When the overwhelming scourge passes through it will not touch us, because we have made lies our refuge and falsehood our hiding place.”

Here: 'Flooding, sweeping'. Paired with šôṭ it makes a sound-play (šôṭ šôṭēp) and a deliberately mixed image: a whip that comes on like a flash flood. Isaiah 8:7–8 had already pictured Assyria as a river overflowing up to Judah's neck.

Isaiah 28:17 יִשְׁטֹֽפוּ׃ they will overflow

I will make justice the measuring line and righteousness the level. Hail will sweep away your refuge of lies, and water will flood your hiding place.

Here: To rush over and carry off, like a flash flood in a dry valley. It is the same root as the "overwhelming scourge" (šôṭ šôṭēp̄) the leaders claimed would pass them by (vv.15, 18).

Isaiah 28:18 שׁוֹטֵף֙ overflowing

Your covenant with death will be dissolved, and your agreement with Sheol will not stand. When the overwhelming scourge passes through, you will be trampled by it.

Here: "Flooding, sweeping." A whip that floods: the image fuses the stinging lash with a torrent. The sound-play shot shotef makes the phrase hit like a slogan. Isaiah already pictured Assyria as a river that 'sweeps' over Judah (8:7–8).

Isaiah 30:28 שׁוֹטֵף֙ overflowing

His breath is like a rushing torrent that rises to the neck. He comes to sift the nations in a sieve of destruction; He bridles the jaws of the peoples to lead them astray.

Here: A participle describing ongoing action: a flood that floods over everything and carries it off. It is a key word in Isaiah 28–30 (the 'overwhelming scourge' of 28:15, 18).

Isaiah 43:2 יִשְׁטְפ֑וּךָ they will overflow you

When you pass through the waters, I will be with you; and when you go through the rivers, they will not overwhelm you. When you walk through the fire, you will not be scorched; the flames will not set you ablaze.

Here: "They will sweep you away": the rivers are the subject. The word is used for a flash flood that carries everything off. In Isaiah it is also the word for invading armies (8:8; 28:15–18). The promise is that the current will not carry Israel off.

Isaiah 66:12 שׁוֹטֵ֛ף overflowing

For this is what the LORD says: “I will extend peace to her like a river, and the wealth of nations like a flowing stream; you will nurse and be carried on her arm, and bounced upon her knees.

Here: 'Overflowing, flooding.' Isaiah used this verb for the Assyrian invasion sweeping over Judah like a flood (8:8; 28:15–18). Here the flood is wealth and blessing.

Jeremiah 8:6 שׁוֹטֵ֖ף [which] rushes

I have listened and heard; they do not speak what is right. No one repents of his wickedness, asking, ‘What have I done?’ Everyone has pursued his own course like a horse charging into battle.

Here: A word normally used for floodwater bursting its banks. The horse 'floods' into battle, a torrent of muscle that cannot be stopped or turned.

Jeremiah 47:2 שׁוֹטֵ֔ף וְיִשְׁטְפוּ֙ overflowing, and they may overflow

This is what the LORD says: “See how the waters are rising from the north and becoming an overflowing torrent. They will overflow the land and its fullness, the cities and their inhabitants. The people will cry out, and all who dwell in the land will wail

Here: 'Sweeping, overflowing'. This is water that washes over everything and carries it off. It is the same root as the next verb, so the repeated sound hammers the image home.

Ezekiel 13:11 שׁוֹטֵ֗ף overflowing

tell those whitewashing the wall that it will fall. Rain will come in torrents, I will send hailstones plunging down, and a windstorm will burst forth.

Here: Describes the rain as a flood that sweeps and scours. It is the very action that would strip a coating off a wall and eat away at its base.

Ezekiel 13:13 שֹׁטֵף֙ overflowing

Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: In My wrath I will release a windstorm, and in My anger torrents of rain and hail will fall with destructive fury.

Ezekiel 16:9 וָאֶשְׁטֹ֥ף and I washed off

Then I bathed you with water, rinsed off your blood, and anointed you with oil.

Ezekiel 38:22 שׁוֹטֵף֩ overflowing

I will execute judgment upon him with plague and bloodshed. I will pour out torrents of rain, hailstones, fire, and sulfur on him and on his troops and on the many nations with him.

Here: A participle meaning 'sweeping away', 'flooding': rain that turns into a destructive torrent. Ezekiel uses exactly this phrase, with the same hail, for the storm that flattens the false prophets' whitewashed wall (13:11, 13).

Daniel 11:10 וְשָׁטַ֣ף and it will overflow

But his sons will stir up strife and assemble a great army, which will advance forcefully, sweeping through like a flood, and will again carry the battle as far as his fortress.

Daniel 11:22 יִשָּׁטְפ֥וּ they will be swept away

Then a flood of forces will be swept away before him and destroyed, along with a prince of the covenant.

Daniel 11:26 יִשְׁט֑וֹף it will overflow

Those who eat from his provisions will seek to destroy him; his army will be swept away, and many will fall slain.

Daniel 11:40 וְשָׁטַ֥ף and he will overflow

At the time of the end, the king of the South will engage him in battle, but the king of the North will storm out against him with chariots, horsemen, and many ships, invading many countries and sweeping through them like a flood.

Here: To flood or wash away like a river bursting its banks. This is the stock prophetic picture of an invading army (Isa 8:7–8; Dan 11:10, 22, 26).