Greek word · G2300

θεάομαι

theaomai

to look at

To look at, view or behold, often with attention or wonder: to watch a spectacle, to see something for yourself, to take it in. It is related to theatron (theatre). By the first century it was often a near synonym of 'see', but it still tends to mean deliberate, sustained looking.

Appears 20 times in 20 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·

What it means

θεάομαι, -ῶμαι

[in LXX; 2 Chronicles 22:6 (רָאָה), Tobit 2:2 13:6, 14, Judith 15:8, 2Ma.2:4 2Mac 3:36, 3Ma.5:47 * ;]

to behold, look upon, contemplate, view (in early writers with a sense of wondering), in NT apparently always in literal, physical sense of "careful and deliberate vision which interprets . . . its object": with accusative of thing(s), Matthew 11:7, Luke 7:24 23:55, John 1:14, 32 4:35 11:45, Acts 22:9, 1 John 1:1; with accusative of person(s), Matthew 22:11, Acts 21:27, Romans 15:24, 1 John 4:12; with ptcp., Mark 16:14, Luke 5:27, John 1:38, Acts 1:11; before ὅτι, John 6:5, 1 John 4:14; pass., Matthew 6:1 23:5, Mark 16:11.†

SYN.: see: θεωρέω (AS)

From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of 1 John 1:1

Range of meaning

To look at, view or behold, often with attention or wonder: to watch a spectacle, to see something for yourself, to take it in. It is related to theatron (theatre). By the first century it was often a near synonym of 'see', but it still tends to mean deliberate, sustained looking.

Against the English

KJV 'looked upon', BSB 'gazed upon' and YLT 'did behold' keep the sense of a sustained look. WEB's flat 'saw' blurs it into the previous verb and loses the step up in the list.

Used elsewhere in the period

John 1:14: 'we beheld (etheasametha) his glory'. John 1:32: the Baptist 'beheld' the Spirit descending. 1 John 4:12, 14: 'no one has ever beheld God… we have beheld and testify'. BDAG gives 'to have an intent look at something, to take something in with one's eyes'.

From the study of John 1:32

Range of meaning

To look at, behold, observe attentively; to see something with lingering attention. It is related to 'theatre', the place where one watches. In the New Testament it nearly always means real physical seeing, often of something significant.

Against the English

BSB and KJV 'I saw' turn it into a simple past event. WEB and YLT 'I have seen' keep the Greek perfect tense, which presents the seeing as finished in the past but still standing as a present credential.

Used elsewhere in the period

The same verb appears in John 1:14 ('we beheld his glory') and 1 John 1:1 and 4:14 ('we have beheld … and testify'). In that Johannine language, beholding and testifying go together as the basis of eyewitness claims. Verse 34 continues with two more perfects: 'I have seen and have testified.'

From the study of Matthew 6:1

Range of meaning

To look at closely, view, watch, behold, often something treated as a spectacle. It comes from the same root as theatron ('theatre', a place for watching) and theama ('spectacle').

Against the English

English 'to be seen' is flat. The Greek suggests being watched by an audience. The NLT's 'to be admired' catches the motive but loses the stage picture.

Used elsewhere in the period

Classical and Koine writers use it for gazing at shows and sights. In Matthew 11:7 it describes the crowds going out 'to look at' John the Baptist. In 6:5 the stronger verb φανῶσιν ('to be on display') follows, and the word 'hypocrites' (ὑποκριταί) was the normal Greek term for stage actors.

Where it appears

Matthew · 4
  1. Matthew 6:1 θεαθῆναι to be seen

    “Be careful not to perform your righteous acts before men to be seen by them. If you do, you will have no reward from your Father in heaven.

    Here: 'To be gazed at, to be watched.' The root also gives 'theatre' (theatron). The word sets up the image of a stage, and the next verses call these people 'hypocrites', which was the ordinary Greek word for stage actors.

  2. Matthew 11:7 θεάσασθαι; to see?

    As John’s disciples were leaving, Jesus began to speak to the crowds about John: “What did you go out into the wilderness to see? A reed swaying in the wind?

    Here: "To gaze at": to look with attention, as at a show (the same root gives "theatre"). It hints that the crowds went out to see something remarkable. Verses 8–9 switch to the plainer "to see."

  3. Matthew 22:11 θεάσασθαι to see

    But when the king came in to see the guests, he spotted a man who was not dressed in wedding clothes.

    Here: This is the purpose of his coming in: to look the guests over. The verb means a careful, deliberate look, the way one watches a spectacle. It is a host's review of his gathered company, not a passing glance.

  4. Matthew 23:5 θεαθῆναι to be seen

    All their deeds are done for men to see. They broaden their phylacteries and lengthen their tassels.

    Here: 'To be gazed at, to be watched as a spectacle.' It belongs to the same word family as 'theatre'. The same phrase appears in Matthew 6:1, which warns against doing righteous acts before people 'to be seen by them'.

Luke · 3
  1. Luke 5:27 ἐθεάσατο He saw

    After this, Jesus went out and saw a tax collector named Levi sitting at the tax booth. “Follow Me,” He told him,

    Here: Luke's word here is a little stronger than the plain 'saw' (eiden) of Mark 2:14. It suggests Jesus looked at Levi deliberately and took him in, not that he happened to catch sight of him.

  2. Luke 7:24 θεάσασθαι; to see?

    After John’s messengers had left, Jesus began to speak to the crowds about John: “What did you go out into the wilderness to see? A reed swaying in the wind?

  3. Luke 23:55 ἐθεάσαντο saw

    The women who had come with Jesus from Galilee followed, and they saw the tomb and how His body was placed.

    Here: 'They looked carefully at.' This is a stronger word than plain 'saw.' It suggests deliberate, attentive watching, and Luke uses it for the observation of witnesses.

John · 6
  1. John 1:14 ἐθεασάμεθα we beheld

    The Word became flesh and made His dwelling among us. We have seen His glory, the glory of the one and only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth.

    Here: To look at something attentively, to watch it as a spectator does (the word is related to 'theatre'). In John it is used for physical seeing (1:32, 38; 4:35). The witnesses claim they actually saw, as in 1 John 1:1 ('what we looked upon').

  2. John 1:32 τεθέαμαι I have beheld

    Then John testified, “I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove and resting on Him.

    Here: 'I have beheld.' The tense (Greek perfect) points to a past sight whose effect still holds. John saw it, and he stands now as someone who has seen it. The verb means attentive, deliberate looking.

  3. John 1:38 θεασάμενος having beheld

    Jesus turned and saw them following. “What do you want?” He asked. They said to Him, “Rabbi” (which means Teacher), “where are You staying?”

    Here: More than a glance. It means to look at someone attentively and take them in. John uses the same verb for seeing the Word's glory (1:14). Here Jesus looks deliberately at the two men.

  4. John 4:35 θεάσασθε do see

    Do you not say, ‘There are still four months until the harvest’? I tell you, lift up your eyes and look at the fields, for they are ripe for harvest.

    Here: 'Take a long look at.' This is a verb for looking attentively, the one John uses for 'we beheld his glory' (1:14).

  5. John 6:5 θεασάμενος having seen

    When Jesus looked up and saw a large crowd coming toward Him, He said to Philip, “Where can we buy bread for these people to eat?”

    Here: 'Having looked at, taken in'. A word for attentive, steady looking rather than a passing glance. Jesus takes in the size and need of the crowd.

  6. John 11:45 θεασάμενοι having seen

    Therefore many of the Jews who had come to Mary, and had seen what Jesus did, believed in Him.

    Here: Not a passing glance. It means watching closely, as a spectator does, and taking it in. These people were eyewitnesses who watched the dead man come out bound in grave-cloths.

Acts · 3
  1. Acts 1:11 ἐθεάσασθε you beheld

    “Men of Galilee,” they said, “why do you stand here looking into the sky? This same Jesus, who has been taken from you into heaven, will come back in the same way you have seen Him go into heaven.”

    Here: "You watched." This is deliberate, attentive seeing, the seeing of witnesses. It ties to verse 8, "you will be my witnesses", and to 1:22.

  2. Acts 21:27 θεασάμενοι having seen

    When the seven days were almost over, some Jews from the province of Asia saw Paul at the temple. They stirred up the whole crowd and seized him,

    Here: 'Having caught sight of / noticed' him. It suggests they recognized him on purpose: they knew exactly who he was.

  3. Acts 22:9 ἐθεάσαντο beheld

    My companions saw the light, but they could not understand the voice of the One speaking to me.

Romans · 1
  1. Romans 15:24 θεάσασθαι to see

    I hope to see you on my way to Spain. And after I have enjoyed your company for a while, you can equip me for my journey.

1 John · 3
  1. 1 John 1:1 ἐθεασάμεθα we have gazed upon

    That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with our own eyes, which we have gazed upon and touched with our own hands—this is the Word of life.

    Here: The tense switches to aorist, which points to definite occasions. This verb means looking intently and taking something in. It is the same word as John 1:14, 'we beheld his glory'.

  2. 1 John 4:12 τεθέαται· has seen;

    No one has ever seen God; but if we love one another, God remains in us, and His love is perfected in us.

    Here: Perfect tense: no one has seen God and now stands as one who has seen him. The verb means looking closely and attentively. It is the verb of 1 John 1:1 ('what we have looked at'), used there of the incarnate Word who was seen.

  3. 1 John 4:14 τεθεάμεθα have seen

    And we have seen and testify that the Father has sent His Son to be the Savior of the world.

    Here: Perfect tense: 'we have looked upon, and it stays with us'. This is attentive, deliberate looking. It deliberately echoes 4:12, 'No one has ever seen [the same verb] God.' No one has seen God directly, but 'we' have seen the Son whom he sent.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.