κοινός

Mark 7:2 κοιναῖς with defiled

and they saw some of His disciples eating with hands that were defiled—that is, unwashed.

Here: In ordinary Greek, 'common' or 'shared'. In Jewish Greek it means 'common' as opposed to holy: in an ordinary, ritually unfit state. It describes the hands' standing in the purity system, not dirt or moral corruption.

Mark 7:5 κοιναῖς with unsanctified

So the Pharisees and scribes questioned Jesus: “Why do Your disciples not walk according to the tradition of the elders? Instead, they eat with defiled hands.”

Acts 2:44 κοινά, in common,

All the believers were together and had everything in common.

Here: "Common", meaning shared property that belongs to all and is open to the use of all. To a Greek-speaking reader the phrase "to have all things common" was a well-known saying about ideal friendship and the ideal community. (Elsewhere κοινός can mean 'ritually unclean', as in Acts 10:14, but that sense does not apply here.)

Acts 4:32 κοινά. in common.

The multitude of believers was one in heart and soul. No one claimed that any of his possessions was his own, but they shared everything they owned.

Here: 'Held in common', available to all. It ends the sentence with the key word and echoes the Greek proverb 'friends' things are common'.

Acts 10:14 κοινὸν common

“No, Lord!” Peter answered. “I have never eaten anything impure or unclean.”

Here: Not 'ordinary'. In the Judaism of Peter's time, applied to food, it meant ritually defiled, unfit for a people set apart to God, especially through contact with what is impure. It was the word used for the food the Maccabean martyrs died rather than eat.

Acts 10:28 κοινὸν common

He said to them, “You know how unlawful it is for a Jew to associate with a foreigner or visit him. But God has shown me that I should not call any man impure or unclean.

Here: In Jewish Greek this means 'profane,' 'ritually defiled,' the opposite of holy. It does not mean 'ordinary' or 'vulgar.' It repeats Peter's own word from the vision (10:14).

Acts 11:8 κοινὸν common

‘No, Lord,’ I said, ‘for nothing impure or unclean has ever entered my mouth.’

Here: Not 'ordinary' in the modern sense. In Jewish Greek it means ritually profane: food that has lost its fitness for a holy people, often through contact with what is unclean or with Gentile handling. Placed first in the clause for emphasis.

Romans 14:14 κοινὸν κοινὸν κοινόν· unclean, unclean [it is];

I am convinced and fully persuaded in the Lord Jesus that nothing is unclean in itself. But if anyone regards something as unclean, then for him it is unclean.

Here: In Jewish usage this means "common" as the opposite of holy: profane, ritually unfit, defiling to eat. It describes religious status, not dirt or moral evil.

Titus 1:4 κοινὴν [our] common

To Titus, my true child in our common faith: Grace and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior.

Here: 'Held in common, shared' — the same root as koinōnia (partnership). The faith belongs equally to Paul the Jew and Titus the Greek; it does not mean 'ordinary.'

Hebrews 10:29 κοινὸν ordinary

How much more severely do you think one deserves to be punished who has trampled on the Son of God, profaned the blood of the covenant that sanctified him, and insulted the Spirit of grace?

Here: 'Common' in the religious sense: ordinary, not set apart for God. In Jewish usage it could also mean ritually unclean. The opposite of 'holy'.

Jude 1:3 κοινῆς shared

Beloved, although I made every effort to write to you about the salvation we share, I felt it necessary to write and urge you to contend earnestly for the faith entrusted once for all to the saints.

Here: Held in common, belonging to all of us together. It does not mean ordinary or second-rate. Jude puts himself alongside his readers as people who share one rescue.

Revelation 21:27 κοινὸν unsanctified

But nothing unclean will ever enter it, nor anyone who practices an abomination or a lie, but only those whose names are written in the Lamb’s Book of Life.

Here: In Jewish usage, what is "common" stands opposite to "holy": ordinary, unconsecrated, defiled. The whole city has the holiness of a sanctuary, so nothing "common" fits inside it.