πάσχω

Matthew 16:21 παθεῖν to suffer

From that time on Jesus began to show His disciples that He must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things at the hands of the elders, chief priests, and scribes, and that He must be killed and on the third day be raised to life.

Here: To have things done to you, usually bad things. The weight falls on undergoing mistreatment from others, not on inner feelings. Its noun relative gives the later word "Passion."

Matthew 17:12 πάσχειν to suffer

But I tell you that Elijah has already come, and they did not recognize him, but have done to him whatever they wished. In the same way, the Son of Man will suffer at their hands.”

Here: To undergo harm at others' hands, here pointing to his coming arrest and death (16:21; 17:22–23).

Matthew 17:15 πάσχει· suffers;

“Lord, have mercy on my son,” he said. “He has seizures and is suffering terribly. He often falls into the fire or into the water.

Here: “He suffers”: he is on the receiving end of something done to him. Some manuscripts have ἔχει instead (“he is in a bad way”).

Matthew 27:19 ἔπαθον I suffered

While Pilate was sitting on the judgment seat, his wife sent him this message: “Have nothing to do with that innocent man, for I have suffered terribly in a dream today because of Him.”

Here: “I suffered.” It means anguish and distress she went through, not physical injury. The phrase “suffer many things” is the one Jesus used of his own coming passion (16:21).

Mark 5:26 παθοῦσα having suffered

She had borne much agony under the care of many physicians and had spent all she had, but to no avail. Instead, her condition had only grown worse.

Mark 8:31 παθεῖν to suffer

Then He began to teach them that the Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected by the elders, chief priests, and scribes, and that He must be killed and after three days rise again.

Here: To undergo, to endure what others do to you. The verb form views the whole ordeal as a single completed event.

Mark 9:12 πάθῃ He may suffer

He replied, “Elijah does indeed come first, and he restores all things. Why then is it written that the Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected?

Here: "He should suffer." The verb means to undergo something done to you, here hostile treatment. The aorist tense views the whole ordeal as one event.

Luke 9:22 παθεῖν to suffer

“The Son of Man must suffer many things,” He said. “He must be rejected by the elders, chief priests, and scribes, and He must be killed and on the third day be raised to life.”

Here: To undergo or endure something done to you. Luke later sums up the whole Passion with this verb ('the Christ must suffer', 24:26, 46).

Luke 13:2 πεπόνθασιν; they have suffered?

To this He replied, “Do you think that these Galileans were worse sinners than all the other Galileans, because they suffered this way?

Luke 17:25 παθεῖν to suffer

But first He must suffer many things and be rejected by this generation.

Here: 'To suffer.' The aorist form views the suffering as a single completed whole. In Luke-Acts, 'the Christ must suffer' becomes a fixed way of referring to the cross (Luke 24:26, 46; Acts 3:18; 17:3).

Luke 22:15 παθεῖν· to suffe;

And He said to them, “I have eagerly desired to eat this Passover with you before My suffering.

Luke 24:26 παθεῖν to suffer

Was it not necessary for the Christ to suffer these things and then to enter His glory?”

Here: 'To suffer.' In Luke and Acts the plain verb 'to suffer' is shorthand for the whole passion, death included (Luke 22:15; Acts 1:3; 3:18; 17:3). The form looks at the suffering as one complete event.

Luke 24:46 παθεῖν Was to suffer

And He told them, “This is what is written: The Christ will suffer and rise from the dead on the third day,

Here: In Luke–Acts this word is shorthand for the whole Passion: betrayal, mistreatment and death (see Acts 1:3; 3:18; 17:3). It means more than feeling pain. It includes being killed.

Acts 1:3 παθεῖν suffering

After His suffering, He presented Himself to them with many convincing proofs that He was alive. He appeared to them over a span of forty days and spoke about the kingdom of God.

Here: "To suffer." In Luke and Acts this word sums up the whole passion: arrest, beating and crucifixion ending in death (Luke 24:26, 46; Acts 3:18; 17:3). It includes his death.

Acts 3:18 παθεῖν [the] suffering

But in this way God has fulfilled what He foretold through all the prophets, saying that His Christ would suffer.

Here: An aorist infinitive that states the content of the prophecy: 'that [he] would suffer'. In Luke-Acts this verb sums up the whole passion: rejection, abuse and death on the cross.

Acts 9:16 παθεῖν.¶ to suffer.

I will show him how much he must suffer for My name.”

Here: An aorist infinitive, a verb form that takes in all of Saul's coming suffering as one whole. In Luke-Acts this verb is closely tied to the suffering of the Messiah (Luke 24:26; Acts 3:18).

Acts 17:3 παθεῖν to have suffered

explaining and proving that the Christ had to suffer and rise from the dead. “This Jesus I am proclaiming to you is the Christ,” he declared.

Here: In Luke and Acts, used on its own of the Messiah, it means his whole passion ending in death, not hardship in general.

Acts 28:5 ἔπαθεν he suffered

But Paul shook the creature off into the fire and suffered no ill effects.

Here: An aorist describing the outcome as a whole: he came to no harm. πάσχω basically means 'to have something happen to you', so the object 'nothing bad' tells us what kind of experience is meant.

1 Corinthians 12:26 πάσχει suffers

If one part suffers, every part suffers with it; if one part is honored, every part rejoices with it.

Here: The present tense states a general fact: when a part is hurt, harmed or in pain. The word means having something happen to you, almost always something bad.

2 Corinthians 1:6 πάσχομεν, suffer,

If we are afflicted, it is for your comfort and salvation; if we are comforted, it is for your comfort, which accomplishes in you patient endurance of the same sufferings we experience.

Here: "We are suffering", ongoing and present. It closes the sentence on solidarity: same sufferings, same people bearing them.

Galatians 3:4 ἐπάθετε did you suffer

Have you suffered so much for nothing, if it really was for nothing?

Philippians 1:29 πάσχειν to suffer

For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in Him, but also to suffer for Him,

Here: Present tense: continuing to suffer. Verses 28 and 30 set the scene: hostility from opponents, the same struggle Paul had in Philippi and still has in prison.

1 Thessalonians 2:14 ἐπάθετε suffered

For you, brothers, became imitators of the churches of God in Judea that are in Christ Jesus. You suffered from your own countrymen the very things they suffered from the Jews,

Here: "You underwent" ill-treatment. The past tense looks back on the hostility that began when the church was founded (1:6; 3:3–4).

2 Thessalonians 1:5 πάσχετε· you suffer;

All this is clear evidence of God’s righteous judgment. And so you will be counted worthy of the kingdom of God, for which you are suffering.

Here: Present tense: 'you are suffering' right now. It picks up the 'persecutions and afflictions you are enduring' of verse 4.

2 Timothy 1:12 πάσχω, I suffer,

For this reason, even though I suffer as I do, I am not ashamed; for I know whom I have believed, and I am convinced that He is able to guard what I have entrusted to Him for that day.

Here: Present tense: 'I am suffering' right now. In early Christian use it often means suffering for Christ, the same verb used of Jesus' own passion.

Hebrews 2:18 πέπονθεν has suffered

Because He Himself suffered when He was tempted, He is able to help those who are being tempted.

Here: "He has suffered." The tense describes a past event whose result still stands: he went through suffering, and he remains the one who has suffered. In Hebrews this suffering reaches its peak in his death (2:9-10; 13:12).

Hebrews 5:8 ἔπαθεν He suffered

Although He was a Son, He learned obedience from what He suffered.

Here: To undergo or experience, especially something painful. In Hebrews the verb points mainly to his death (2:18; 9:26; 13:12). Its sound echoes ἔμαθεν: emathen … epathen.

Hebrews 9:26 παθεῖν to have suffered

Otherwise, Christ would have had to suffer repeatedly since the foundation of the world. But now He has appeared once for all at the end of the ages to do away with sin by the sacrifice of Himself.

Here: In Hebrews this word is used for Jesus' death (2:9–10, 13:12). Here 'suffer' means suffer death. If his offering worked like the yearly high-priestly rite, he would have had to die again and again.

Hebrews 13:12 ἔπαθεν. suffered.

And so Jesus also suffered outside the city gate, to sanctify the people by His own blood.

Here: In Hebrews 'suffer' covers his whole passion and especially his death (2:9-10, 18; 5:8; 9:26). It puts his death in the place of the sacrifice whose body was burned outside.

1 Peter 2:19 πάσχων suffering

For if anyone endures the pain of unjust suffering because he is conscious of God, this is to be commended.

Here: 'While suffering.' This is 1 Peter's key word: the letter uses it more than any other New Testament book, and from verse 21 on it is applied to Christ.

1 Peter 2:20 πάσχοντες suffering

How is it to your credit if you are beaten for doing wrong and you endure it? But if you suffer for doing good and you endure it, this is commendable before God.

Here: "Suffering", a wider word than "being struck". It covers beatings and any other mistreatment, and it is the key word of the letter. Verse 21 picks it up again: "Christ also suffered (epathen)."

1 Peter 2:21 ἔπαθεν suffered

For to this you were called, because Christ also suffered for you, leaving you an example, that you should follow in His footsteps:

Here: A key word in 1 Peter (12 times). It covers his whole passion, including insult and blows (v. 23), not only his death. That ties it to the slave's experience of being struck (v. 20).

1 Peter 2:23 πάσχων suffering

When they heaped abuse on Him, He did not retaliate; when He suffered, He made no threats, but entrusted Himself to Him who judges justly.

Here: 'While suffering': the physical side of the Passion (beating, flogging, crucifixion), after the verbal abuse of the previous clause. It picks up 'Christ suffered for you' in 2:21 and the slaves' 'suffering unjustly' in 2:19–20.

1 Peter 3:14 πάσχοιτε you would suffer

But even if you should suffer for what is right, you are blessed. “Do not fear what they fear; do not be shaken.”

Here: 'You should suffer', 'you might suffer'. This is the optative, the Greek mood of wishes and remote possibilities, which is rare in the New Testament. The tone is 'should it happen that you suffer'. Paschō is a key word in 1 Peter and is also used of Christ's own suffering (2:21, 23; 3:18).

1 Peter 3:17 πάσχειν to suffer

For it is better, if it is God’s will, to suffer for doing good than for doing evil.

Here: Present infinitive, the subject of 'is better.' Here it means suffering hostile treatment from other people (slander, abuse, loss) in a way that may go on over time. It is a keyword of the letter, and it connects to Christ's suffering in the next verse.

1 Peter 3:18 ἔπαθεν, suffered,

For Christ also suffered for sins once for all, the righteous for the unrighteous, to bring you to God. He was put to death in the body but made alive in the Spirit,

Here: Aorist tense: a single completed event, summing up his passion and death. It is 1 Peter's key word for what the readers themselves are going through.

1 Peter 4:1 παθόντος παθὼν having suffered

Therefore, since Christ suffered in His body, arm yourselves with the same resolve, because anyone who has suffered in his body is done with sin.

Here: This aorist participle (a verb form that views an action as a single completed event) means "having suffered." It points to the Passion, the whole episode of Christ's suffering ending in death. In 1 Peter, "suffering" is the letter's word for Christ's death and also for what believers endure for doing right.

1 Peter 4:15 πασχέτω should suffer

Indeed, none of you should suffer as a murderer or thief or wrongdoer, or even as a meddler.

Here: A third-person command in the present tense: 'let him be suffering'. It sets an ongoing rule, not a one-off instruction. In 1 Peter this verb is the letter's keyword for what believers undergo (and what Christ underwent), so the question is not whether they will suffer but why.

1 Peter 4:19 πάσχοντες suffering

So then, those who suffer according to God’s will should entrust their souls to their faithful Creator and continue to do good.

Here: Present tense: those who are suffering now and keep on suffering. In 1 Peter this is mainly social hostility: slander, insults, being treated as suspect 'as a Christian' (4:14–16).

1 Peter 5:10 παθόντας [of you] having suffered

And after you have suffered for a little while, the God of all grace, who has called you to His eternal glory in Christ, will Himself restore you, secure you, strengthen you, and establish you.

Here: "Having suffered". Its form agrees with an implied "you", the people God will restore. Suffering is a key word of the letter. Here it chiefly means slander, ostracism and hostility endured for bearing Christ's name.

Revelation 2:10 πάσχειν· to suffer;

Do not fear what you are about to suffer. Behold, the devil is about to throw some of you into prison to test you, and you will suffer tribulation for ten days. Be faithful even unto death, and I will give you the crown of life.

Here: To experience something done to you, here hostile treatment. It is the same verb the New Testament uses for Christ's own sufferings.