גָּרַשׁ

Genesis 3:24 וַיְגָ֖רֶשׁ and he drove out

So He drove out the man and stationed cherubim on the east side of the Garden of Eden, along with a whirling sword of flame to guard the way to the tree of life.

Here: 'And he drove out.' The verb is in an intensive form and describes forced expulsion. It is stronger than 'sent him out' in verse 23, so the narrative moves from dismissal to eviction.

Genesis 4:14 גֵּרַ֨שְׁתָּ you have driven away

Behold, this day You have driven me from the face of the earth, and from Your face I will be hidden; I will be a fugitive and a wanderer on the earth, and whoever finds me will kill me.”

Here: 'You have driven out' – a completed act, spoken as already done. It is the same verb used when God drove Adam out of the garden (3:24), so this is the family's second expulsion.

Genesis 21:10 גָּרֵ֛שׁ drive out

and she said to Abraham, “Expel the slave woman and her son, for the slave woman’s son will never share in the inheritance with my son Isaac!”

Here: A blunt command in the intensive verb form: 'drive out!' The same verb is used of God expelling Adam from Eden and of Pharaoh driving Israel out of Egypt. It means permanent removal from the household, not a short separation.

Exodus 2:17 וַיְגָרְשׁ֑וּם and they drove away them

And when some shepherds came along and drove them away, Moses rose up to help them and watered their flock.

Exodus 6:1 יְגָרְשֵׁ֖ם he will drive out them

But the LORD said to Moses, “Now you will see what I will do to Pharaoh, for because of My mighty hand he will let the people go; because of My strong hand he will drive them out of his land.”

Here: 'He will drive them out.' This is stronger than 'send off'. It is the verb used when Adam is driven from Eden, Hagar is cast out, and a wife is divorced. The king who would not let them leave will throw them out.

Exodus 10:11 וַיְגָ֣רֶשׁ and someone drove out

No, only the men may go and worship the LORD, since that is what you have been requesting.” And Moses and Aaron were driven from Pharaoh’s presence.

Exodus 11:1 גָּרֵ֛שׁ יְגָרֵ֥שׁ completely <drive out>, he will drive out

Then the LORD said to Moses, “I will bring upon Pharaoh and Egypt one more plague. After that, he will allow you to leave this place. And when he lets you go, he will drive you out completely.

Exodus 12:39 גֹרְשׁ֣וּ they had been driven out

Since their dough had no leaven, the people baked what they had brought out of Egypt into unleavened loaves. For when they had been driven out of Egypt, they could not delay and had not prepared any provisions for themselves.

Here: "They had been driven out," a passive form. It is a forceful word for expulsion: Adam from the garden, Hagar from Abraham's household. It fulfils God's words that Pharaoh would "drive them out" (6:1; 11:1).

Exodus 23:28 וְגֵרְשָׁ֗ה and it will drive out

I will send the hornet before you to drive the Hivites and Canaanites and Hittites out of your way.

Here: 'And it will drive out.' The verb is feminine to agree with the feminine noun 'hornet', so the hornet itself is the one doing the expelling. The picture is of people being chased out of their land, not of a battle.

Exodus 23:29 אֲגָרְשֶׁ֛נּוּ I will drive out it

I will not drive them out before you in a single year; otherwise the land would become desolate and wild animals would multiply against you.

Here: 'I will drive him out.' The verb is in an intensive form that means forcibly expelling someone from their place. The 'him' is singular because it treats the peoples named in v. 28 ('the Hivite, the Canaanite, the Hittite') as one group, so English rightly says 'them.' God, not Israel, is the one doing the expelling.

Exodus 23:30 אֲגָרְשֶׁ֖נּוּ I will drive out it

Little by little I will drive them out ahead of you, until you become fruitful and possess the land.

Exodus 23:31 וְגֵרַשְׁתָּ֖מוֹ and you will drive out them

And I will establish your borders from the Red Sea to the Sea of the Philistines, and from the desert to the Euphrates. For I will deliver the inhabitants into your hand, and you will drive them out before you.

Here: 'And you will drive them out': an intensive form of the verb meaning to expel or force out. The ending -mo ('them') is old and elevated in style, as in the Song of the Sea in Exodus 15. The subject is Israel ('you'), though in v. 30 God said 'I will drive them out'.

Exodus 33:2 וְגֵֽרַשְׁתִּ֗י and I will drive out

And I will send an angel before you, and I will drive out the Canaanites, Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites.

Here: "And I will drive out." This is the strong form of the verb: expel, thrust out. God still claims the military result for himself in the first person, even while holding back his presence in the camp. The promise of the land stands, but closeness with God is in doubt.

Exodus 34:11 גֹרֵ֣שׁ [am] about to drive out

Observe what I command you this day. I will drive out before you the Amorites, Canaanites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites.

Here: A participle after 'look': 'I am about to drive out.' The verb means to expel or push someone out of a place, like Adam from the garden or Hagar from Abraham's household. The action is God's, not Israel's.

Leviticus 21:7 גְּרוּשָׁ֥ה divorced

A priest must not marry a woman defiled by prostitution or divorced by her husband, for the priest is holy to his God.

Leviticus 21:14 וּגְרוּשָׁה֙ and a divorced [woman]

He is not to marry a widow, a divorced woman, or one defiled by prostitution. He is to marry a virgin from his own people,

Leviticus 22:13 וּגְרוּשָׁ֗ה and a divorced [woman]

But if a priest’s daughter with no children becomes widowed or divorced and returns to her father’s house, she may share her father’s food as in her youth. But no outsider may share it.

Numbers 22:6 וַאֲגָרְשֶׁ֖נּוּ and I will drive out it

So please come now and put a curse on this people, because they are too mighty for me. Perhaps I may be able to defeat them and drive them out of the land; for I know that those you bless are blessed, and those you curse are cursed.”

Numbers 22:11 וְגֵרַשְׁתִּֽיו׃ and I will drive out it

‘Behold, a people has come out of Egypt, and they cover the face of the land. Now come and put a curse on them for me. Perhaps I may be able to fight against them and drive them away.’”

Numbers 30:9 וּגְרוּשָׁ֑ה and a divorced [woman]

Every vow a widow or divorced woman pledges to fulfill is binding on her.

Deuteronomy 33:27 וַיְגָ֧רֶשׁ and he has driven out

The eternal God is your dwelling place, and underneath are the everlasting arms. He drives out the enemy before you, giving the command, ‘Destroy him!’

Here: 'And he drove out': forcible expulsion, the technical verb for clearing the land's inhabitants before Israel. The verb form usually narrates a past event, though in poetry it can describe an action as already certain.

Joshua 24:12 וַתְּגָ֤רֶשׁ and it drove out

I sent the hornet ahead of you, and it drove out the two Amorite kings before you, but not by your own sword or bow.

Here: The verb is feminine singular, agreeing with "the hornet". It means to drive away or expel, as one chases someone off land or out of a house. The same verb is used in the promise of Exod 23:28, so this line reads as "promise kept".

Joshua 24:18 וַיְגָ֨רֶשׁ and he drove out

And the LORD drove out before us all the nations, including the Amorites who lived in the land. We too will serve the LORD, because He is our God!”

Judges 2:3 אֲגָרֵ֥שׁ I will drive out

So now I tell you that I will not drive out these people before you; they will be thorns in your sides, and their gods will be a snare to you.”

Here: An intensive verb form meaning to forcibly expel. It is the exact verb of God's conquest promises, so saying 'I will not drive out' is a deliberate reversal of those promises.

Judges 6:9 וָאֲגָרֵ֤שׁ and I drove out

I delivered you out of the hands of Egypt and all your oppressors. I drove them out before you and gave you their land.

Judges 9:41 וַיְגָ֧רֶשׁ and he drove out

Abimelech stayed in Arumah, and Zebul drove Gaal and his brothers out of Shechem.

Judges 11:2 וַיְגָרְשׁ֣וּ and they drove out

And Gilead’s wife bore him sons who grew up, drove Jephthah out, and said to him, “You shall have no inheritance in our father’s house, because you are the son of another woman.”

Judges 11:7 וַתְּגָרְשׁ֖וּנִי and did you drive out? me

Jephthah replied to the elders of Gilead, “Did you not hate me and expel me from my father’s house? Why then have you come to me now, when you are in distress?”

1 Samuel 26:19 גֵרְשׁ֣וּנִי they have driven out me

Now please, may my lord the king hear the words of his servant: If the LORD has stirred you up against me, then may He accept an offering. But if men have done it, may they be cursed in the presence of the LORD! For today they have driven me away from sharing in the inheritance of the LORD, saying, ‘Go, serve other gods.’

Here: 'They have driven me out, expelled me'. The same verb is used for the expulsion from Eden (Gen 3:24), Cain's banishment (Gen 4:14) and the expulsion of the Canaanites. It is strong language of forced removal.

1 Kings 2:27 וַיְגָ֤רֶשׁ and he drove out

So Solomon banished Abiathar from the priesthood of the LORD and thus fulfilled the word that the LORD had spoken at Shiloh against the house of Eli.

1 Chronicles 17:21 לְגָרֵ֗שׁ by driving out

And who is like Your people Israel—the one nation on earth whom God went out to redeem as a people for Himself? You made a name for Yourself through great and awesome wonders by driving out nations from before Your people, whom You redeemed from Egypt.

2 Chronicles 20:11 לְגָ֣רְשֵׁ֔נוּ to drive out us

See how they are repaying us by coming to drive us out of the possession that You gave us as an inheritance.

Job 30:5 יְגֹרָ֑שׁוּ they are driven away

They were banished from among men, shouted at like thieves,

Psalm 78:55 וַיְגָ֤רֶשׁ and he drove out

He drove out nations before them and apportioned their inheritance; He settled the tribes of Israel in their tents.

Here: An intensive verb form: God forcibly drove the peoples out. It is the same verb used for Adam and Eve being expelled from Eden (Genesis 3:24) and for God's promise to drive out the Canaanites 'little by little' (Exodus 23:28–30). God, not Israel, is the one doing it.

Psalm 80:8 תְּגָרֵ֥שׁ you drove out

You uprooted a vine from Egypt; You drove out the nations and transplanted it.

Here: An intensive form meaning to drive out by force. It is the standard word in the conquest promises (Exod 23:28–31; 34:11): God clears the land of its earlier peoples. In the picture, this is the farmer clearing the plot before planting.

Proverbs 22:10 גָּ֣רֵֽשׁ drive out

Drive out the mocker, and conflict will depart; even quarreling and insults will cease.

Here: A forceful command (intensive stem, imperative): throw him out, expel him for good. The same form is Sarah's demand in Genesis 21:10, "Drive out this slave woman." It is not a polite request for the person to leave.

Isaiah 57:20 נִגְרָ֑שׁ וַיִּגְרְשׁ֥וּ tossed, and they have tossed up

But the wicked are like the storm-tossed sea, for it cannot be still, and its waves churn up mire and muck.

Here: A passive form of the verb usually meaning 'drive out, expel'. Here it describes a sea being driven and tossed, stirred up by forces it does not control. The sea is the one acted on.

Ezekiel 31:11 גֵּרַשְׁתִּֽהוּ׃ I drove out it

I delivered it into the hand of the ruler of the nations, for him to deal with it according to its wickedness. I have banished it.

Ezekiel 44:22 וּגְרוּשָׁ֔ה and a divorced [woman]

And they shall not marry a widow or a divorced woman, but must marry a virgin of the descendants of the house of Israel, or a widow of a priest.

Hosea 9:15 אֲגָרְשֵׁ֑ם I will drive out them

All their evil appears at Gilgal, for there I hated them. I will drive them from My house for the wickedness of their deeds. I will no longer love them; all their leaders are rebellious.

Here: 'I will drive them out'. This intensive form of the verb is used for forced expulsion: Adam from Eden (Gen 3:24), Hagar (Gen 21:10), the Canaanites from the land (Exod 23:29–31). Now Israel suffers what the Canaanites suffered. Related forms of the same root are used for a divorced woman (Lev 21:7).

Amos 8:8 וְנִגְרְשָׁ֥ה and it will be tossed

Will not the land quake for this, and all its dwellers mourn? All of it will swell like the Nile; it will surge and then subside like the Nile in Egypt.

Here: Here the passive means "be tossed, churned up," as the restless sea is in Isa 57:20 (yam nigrash). The land surges like agitated water. It is not being "cast out" in the sense of exile.

Jonah 2:4 נִגְרַ֖שְׁתִּי I have been driven away

At this, I said, ‘I have been banished from Your sight; yet I will look once more toward Your holy temple.’

Here: A passive verb: someone has driven him out, and v. 3 makes clear that it is God. The perfect form presents the banishment as already done. The verb is the one used for expelling Adam from the garden, Cain from the land, and a divorced wife from the household.

Micah 2:9 תְּגָ֣רְשׁ֔וּן you drive out !

You drive the women of My people from their pleasant homes. You take away My blessing from their children forever.

Here: 'You drive out', meaning forced eviction. The form (intensive stem plus an extra -un ending) makes the charge sound heavy, and it describes something still going on: you keep throwing them out.

Zephaniah 2:4 יְגָ֣רְשׁ֔וּהָ people will drive out it

For Gaza will be abandoned, and Ashkelon left in ruins. Ashdod will be driven out at noon, and Ekron will be uprooted.

Here: "They will drive her out." The "they" is unnamed, so in effect "she will be driven out." The verb is used for expelling peoples from land, and its passive form is the ordinary term for a divorced woman (Lev 21:7).