Hebrew word · H3972

מְא֫וּמָה

me'umah

anything

Anything, something, anything at all. It is often used with a negative ("not anything").

Appears 32 times in 32 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

anything

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of 2 Kings 5:20

Range of meaning

Anything, something, anything at all. It is often used with a negative ("not anything").

Against the English

"Something" or "somewhat" (KJV) is right. The point is the gap between this small word and what he actually takes.

Used elsewhere in the period

Genesis 39:23, 40:15; 1 Samuel 12:4, where Samuel's people agree he has taken nothing (məʾûmâ) from anyone's hand. That is the model of an honest leader and the exact opposite of Gehazi.

From the study of Judges 14:6

Range of meaning

Literally 'and anything there was not in his hand': not a single thing, no tool or weapon of any kind.

Against the English

BSB, NIV and WEB fold this into 'with his bare hands'. KJV keeps it as a separate clause ('and he had nothing in his hand'), as does ESV ('although he had nothing in his hand'). Each is accurate. Keeping it separate preserves the Hebrew's deliberate emphasis.

Used elsewhere in the period

Other Israelite lion-fighters are described differently. David strikes lions and bears (1 Samuel 17:34–36). Benaiah kills a lion in a pit (2 Samuel 23:20). Samson's feat stands out because the text stresses that he was unarmed. Later in the same story he kills men with a donkey's jawbone (15:15), a ritually unclean improvised weapon.

Where it appears

Genesis · 6
  1. Genesis 22:12 מְא֑וּמָּה anything

    “Do not lay a hand on the boy or do anything to him,” said the angel, “for now I know that you fear God, since you have not withheld your only son from me.”

    Here: "Anything at all." With the negative it becomes absolute: "nothing whatsoever."

  2. Genesis 30:31 מְא֔וּמָה anything

    “What can I give you?” Laban asked. “You do not need to give me anything,” Jacob replied. “If you do this one thing for me, I will keep on shepherding and keeping your flocks.

    Here: 'Anything at all.' Together with 'not' it means 'nothing whatsoever'. Jacob means nothing out of Laban's existing flock or purse. His wages will be animals not yet born (vv. 32–33).

  3. Genesis 39:6 מְא֔וּמָה anything

    So Potiphar left all that he owned in Joseph’s care; he did not concern himself with anything except the food he ate. Now Joseph was well-built and handsome,

  4. Genesis 39:9 מְא֔וּמָה anything

    No one in this house is greater than I am. He has withheld nothing from me except you, because you are his wife. So how could I do such a great evil and sin against God?”

    Here: 'Anything at all.' After a negative it means 'nothing whatsoever.' The point is how total the trust is.

  5. Genesis 39:23 מְא֙וּמָה֙ anything

    The warden did not concern himself with anything under Joseph’s care, because the LORD was with Joseph and gave him success in whatever he did.

    Here: 'Anything whatever'. The same word appears in v. 6, where Potiphar 'did not know anything' beyond his own food. The narrator deliberately echoes it.

  6. Genesis 40:15 מְא֔וּמָה anything

    For I was kidnapped from the land of the Hebrews, and even here I have done nothing for which they should have put me in this dungeon.”

Numbers · 1
  1. Numbers 22:38 מְא֑וּמָה anything

    “See, I have come to you,” Balaam replied, “but can I say just anything? I must speak only the word that God puts in my mouth.”

Deuteronomy · 2
  1. Deuteronomy 13:17 מְא֖וּמָה anything

    Nothing devoted to destruction shall cling to your hands, so that the LORD will turn from His fierce anger, grant you mercy, show you compassion, and multiply you as He swore to your fathers,

    Here: 'Anything at all, the least thing.' With the negative it means 'not one thing', so no exception is allowed for a small keepsake.

  2. Deuteronomy 24:10 מְא֑וּמָה anything

    When you lend anything to your neighbor, do not enter his house to collect security.

Judges · 1
  1. Judges 14:6 וּמְא֖וּמָה and [was] anything

    and the Spirit of the LORD came powerfully upon him, and he tore the lion apart with his bare hands as one would tear a young goat. But he did not tell his father or mother what he had done.

    Here: 'And anything.' Placed first for emphasis: not a single thing.

1 Samuel · 9
  1. 1 Samuel 12:4 מְאֽוּמָה׃ anything

    “You have not cheated us or oppressed us,” they replied, “nor have you taken anything from the hand of man.”

  2. 1 Samuel 12:5 מְא֑וּמָה anything

    Samuel said to them, “The LORD is a witness against you, and His anointed is a witness today, that you have not found anything in my hand.” “He is a witness,” they replied.

  3. 1 Samuel 20:26 מְא֖וּמָה anything

    Saul said nothing that day because he thought, “Something has happened to David to make him ceremonially unclean—surely he is unclean.”

  4. 1 Samuel 20:39 מְא֑וּמָה anything

    But the boy did not know anything; only Jonathan and David knew the arrangement.

  5. 1 Samuel 21:2 מְא֛וּמָה anything

    “The king has given me a mission,” David replied. “He told me no one is to know about the mission on which I am sending you. And I have directed my young men to meet me at a certain place.

  6. 1 Samuel 25:7 מְא֔וּמָה anything

    Now I hear that it is time for shearing. When your shepherds were with us, we did not harass them, and nothing of theirs was missing the whole time they were in Carmel.

  7. 1 Samuel 25:15 מְא֔וּמָה anything

    Yet these men were very good to us. When we were in the field, we were not harassed, and nothing of ours went missing the whole time we lived among them.

    Here: With the negative it means 'nothing at all,' not even one sheep. The word nearly always appears in negative statements and makes them emphatic.

  8. 1 Samuel 25:21 מְא֑וּמָה anything

    Now David had just said, “In vain I have protected all that belonged to this man in the wilderness. Nothing that belongs to him has gone missing, yet he has paid me back evil for good.

    Here: With the negative it means 'not a single thing'. David makes his record sound complete and absolute.

  9. 1 Samuel 29:3 מְא֔וּמָה anything

    Then the commanders of the Philistines asked, “What about these Hebrews?” Achish replied, “Is this not David, the servant of King Saul of Israel? He has been with me all these days, even years, and from the day he defected until today I have found no fault in him.”

2 Samuel · 2
  1. 2 Samuel 3:35 מְאֽוּמָה׃ anything

    Then all the people came and urged David to eat something while it was still day, but David took an oath, saying, “May God punish me, and ever so severely, if I taste bread or anything else before the sun sets!”

  2. 2 Samuel 13:2 מְאֽוּמָה׃ anything

    Amnon was sick with frustration over his sister Tamar, for she was a virgin, and it seemed implausible for him to do anything to her.

1 Kings · 2
  1. 1 Kings 10:21 לִמְאֽוּמָה׃ to anything

    All King Solomon’s drinking cups were gold, and all the utensils of the House of the Forest of Lebanon were pure gold. There was no silver, because it was accounted as nothing in the days of Solomon.

  2. 1 Kings 18:43 מְא֑וּמָה [is] anything

    “Go and look toward the sea,” he said to his servant. So the servant went and looked, and he said, “There is nothing there.” Seven times Elijah said, “Go back.”

2 Kings · 1
  1. 2 Kings 5:20 מְאֽוּמָה׃ anything

    Gehazi, the servant of Elisha the man of God, said, “Look, my master has spared this Aramean, Naaman, by not accepting what he brought. As surely as the LORD lives, I will run after him and get something from him.”

    Here: "Something, anything at all". It sounds modest. What he actually asks for is a talent of silver and two sets of clothing (v. 22), and he goes home with two talents (v. 23).

2 Chronicles · 1
  1. 2 Chronicles 9:20 לִמְאֽוּמָה׃ to anything

    All King Solomon’s drinking cups were gold, and all the utensils of the House of the Forest of Lebanon were pure gold. There was no silver, because it was accounted as nothing in the days of Solomon.

Ecclesiastes · 4
  1. Ecclesiastes 5:14 מְאֽוּמָה׃ anything

    or wealth lost in a failed venture, so when that man has a son there is nothing to pass on.

  2. Ecclesiastes 5:15 וּמְא֙וּמָה֙ and anything

    As a man came from his mother’s womb, so he will depart again, naked as he arrived. He takes nothing for his labor to carry in his hands.

    Here: 'And anything…' With the 'not' that follows it means 'nothing at all.' It repeats the last word of verse 14, where the son has 'nothing in his hand.' The father leaves with empty hands, just as the son was left with empty hands.

  3. Ecclesiastes 7:14 מְאֽוּמָה׃ anything

    In the day of prosperity, be joyful, but in the day of adversity, consider this: God has made one of these along with the other, so that a man cannot discover anything that will come after him.

    Here: "Anything at all." After the negative it means "nothing whatsoever," an absolute statement.

  4. Ecclesiastes 9:5 מְא֗וּמָה anything

    For the living know that they will die, but the dead know nothing. They have no further reward, because the memory of them is forgotten.

    Here: 'Anything (at all).' Together with the negative it is absolute: the dead know nothing whatever. In context (verses 6 and 10) this means nothing of the life and activity 'under the sun'.

Jeremiah · 2
  1. Jeremiah 39:10 מְא֔וּמָה anything

    But Nebuzaradan left behind in the land of Judah some of the poor people who had no property, and at that time he gave them vineyards and fields.

  2. Jeremiah 39:12 מְא֣וּמָה anything

    “Take him, look after him, and do not let any harm come to him; do for him whatever he says.”

Jonah · 1
  1. Jonah 3:7 מְא֔וּמָה anything

    Then he issued a proclamation in Nineveh: “By the decree of the king and his nobles: Let no man or beast, herd or flock, taste anything at all. They must not eat or drink.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.