Hebrew word · H7151
קִרְיָה
kiryah
town
Qiryah is a poetic word for a town or city. ʿōz means strength or might, and often specifically the strength of a place of refuge. Some lexicons (HALOT) note that the word overlaps with a root meaning "to take refuge" (compare māʿôz, "stronghold").
Appears 29 times in 29 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) city, town
1a) in general
1b) in specific
1c) collective
1d) indefinite
Aramaic equivalent: qir.yah (קִרְיָה "town" H7149)
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Proverbs 10:15
- Range of meaning
Qiryah is a poetic word for a town or city. ʿōz means strength or might, and often specifically the strength of a place of refuge. Some lexicons (HALOT) note that the word overlaps with a root meaning "to take refuge" (compare māʿôz, "stronghold"). Together the phrase means "his fortified city" or "his stronghold."
- Against the English
KJV, WEB and YLT have "strong city," which a modern reader may hear as a big or powerful city. The image is defensive: walls you shelter behind. BSB/NIV "fortified city" and NASB/NLT "fortress" make that clearer.
- How it drifted
"Strong city" was a natural phrase in 1611, when a strong town meant a fortified one. Today "strong" more readily suggests economic or civic power.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Prov 18:10–11 sets the two side by side: "The name of the LORD is a strong tower (migdal ʿōz); the righteous run into it and are safe. The wealth of the rich is his strong city, and like a high wall in his imagination." Prov 21:22 has a wise man scaling "the city of the mighty" and bringing down "the stronghold (ʿōz) in which they trust." Ps 46:1 calls God "our refuge and strength (ʿōz)."
From the study of Deuteronomy 2:36
- Range of meaning
Town or city. It is a more poetic or literary word than the common 'ir, and it often refers to a walled or fortified place (Isa 1:21, 26; 25:2; Prov 10:15, 'the rich man's wealth is his strong city').
- Against the English
English versions translate both 'ir and qiryah as 'city' or 'town', so the reader cannot see the change of word.
- Used elsewhere in the period
The word is related to Aramaic qarta and Phoenician qrt, as in Qart-hadasht, 'New City', which is Carthage. It also appears in place names such as Kiriath-jearim and Kiriathaim, a town in this same region (Num 32:37).
Where it appears
Numbers · 1
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Numbers 21:28 מִקִּרְיַ֣ת from [the] town of
For a fire went out from Heshbon, a blaze from the city of Sihon. It consumed Ar of Moab, the rulers of Arnon’s heights.
Deuteronomy · 2
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Deuteronomy 2:36 קִרְיָ֔ה a town
From Aroer on the rim of the Arnon Valley, along with the city in the valley, even as far as Gilead, not one city had walls too high for us. The LORD our God gave us all of them.
Here: A less common, more literary word for a town, often a walled one. The change from 'ir to qiryah adds variety and a slightly elevated tone.
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Deuteronomy 3:4 קִרְיָ֔ה a town
At that time we captured all sixty of his cities. There was not a single city we failed to take—the entire region of Argob, the kingdom of Og in Bashan.
1 Kings · 2
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1 Kings 1:41 הַקִּרְיָ֖ה the town
Now Adonijah and all his guests were finishing their feast when they heard the sound of the ram’s horn. “Why is the city in such a loud uproar?” asked Joab.
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1 Kings 1:45 הַקִּרְיָ֑ה the town
Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet have anointed him king at Gihon, and they have gone up from there with rejoicing that rings out in the city. That is the noise you hear.
Job · 1
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Job 39:7 קִרְיָ֑ה a town
He scorns the tumult of the city and never hears the shouts of a driver.
Psalms · 1
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Psalm 48:2 קִ֝רְיַ֗ת [the] town of
Beautiful in loftiness, the joy of all the earth, like the peaks of Zaphon is Mount Zion, the city of the great King.
Here: A poetic word for city (familiar from place names like Kiriath-jearim). It parallels 'the city of our God' in verse 1.
Proverbs · 5
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Proverbs 10:15 קִרְיַ֣ת [is] a town of
The wealth of the rich man is his fortified city, but poverty is the ruin of the poor.
Here: A poetic word for a town, and in this world that means a walled settlement. Here it is the first half of the phrase "city of his strength."
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Proverbs 11:10 קִרְיָ֑ה a town
When the righteous thrive, the city rejoices, and when the wicked perish, there are shouts of joy.
Here: A poetic word for a settlement, standing for the whole community that lives in it. There is no article: 'a town', any town. The saying is a general rule.
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Proverbs 18:11 קִרְיַ֣ת [is] [the] town of
A rich man’s wealth is his fortified city; it is like a high wall in his imagination.
Here: A poetic word for a city, especially a walled one. Here it means a place you live inside and are protected by. It is linked to the next word: 'city of …'.
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Proverbs 18:19 מִקִּרְיַת־ [is] more than a town of
An offended brother is harder to win than a fortified city, and disputes are like the bars of a castle.
Here: The prefix mi- here means 'more than', but the Hebrew never says more what. The reader has to supply it: harder to get into, harder to win over, more unyielding. 'Qiryah' is a poetic word for a city, especially a walled one.
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Proverbs 29:8 קִרְיָ֑ה a town
Mockers inflame a city, but the wise turn away anger.
Here: A poetic word for a town. It means the whole community, its people and its common life, not just its buildings. What catches fire is the social body.
Isaiah · 10
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Isaiah 1:21 קִרְיָ֖ה a town
See how the faithful city has become a harlot! She once was full of justice; righteousness resided within her, but now only murderers!
Here: A poetic word for a city, used here for Jerusalem (named as Zion in v. 27). Cities were spoken of as women, which makes the marriage and prostitution image possible.
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Isaiah 1:26 קִרְיָ֖ה a town
I will restore your judges as at first, and your counselors as at the beginning. After that you will be called the City of Righteousness, the Faithful City.”
Here: A poetic synonym for 'city,' used for parallelism. It repeats verse 21's exact phrase qiryah ne'emanah, closing the frame.
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Isaiah 22:2 קִרְיָ֖ה O town
O city of commotion, O town of revelry? Your slain did not die by the sword, nor were they killed in battle.
Here: A poetic word for 'city', used to echo 'ir in the parallel line. The repetition ('city… town…') builds a mock hymn about the city.
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Isaiah 24:10 קִרְיַת־ [the] town of
The city of chaos is shattered; every house is closed to entry.
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Isaiah 25:2 קִרְיָ֥ה a town
Indeed, You have made the city a heap of rubble, the fortified town a ruin. The fortress of strangers is a city no more; it will never be rebuilt.
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Isaiah 25:3 קִרְיַ֛ת a town of
Therefore, a strong people will honor You. The cities of ruthless nations will revere You.
Here: A poetic word for a town, the same one used for the 'fortified town' destroyed in verse 2. It is singular ('a town of'), which sets this town against the one just ruined. BSB, NIV and ESV make it plural.
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Isaiah 26:5 קִרְיָ֖ה a town
For He has humbled those who dwell on high; He lays the lofty city low. He brings it down to the ground; He casts it into the dust.
Here: A poetic word for 'city,' used repeatedly in Isaiah 24–27 for an unnamed hostile city (24:10; 25:2). The verse never says which one.
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Isaiah 29:1 קִרְיַ֖ת [the] town
Woe to you, O Ariel, the city of Ariel where David camped! Year upon year let your festivals recur.
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Isaiah 32:13 קִרְיָ֖ה a town
and for the land of my people, overgrown with thorns and briers—even for every house of merriment in this city of revelry.
Here: A poetic word for a city, with no 'the' or 'this' in the Hebrew. In context it clearly means Jerusalem, as in the close parallel at Isaiah 22:2.
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Isaiah 33:20 קִרְיַ֖ת [the] town of
Look upon Zion, the city of our appointed feasts. Your eyes will see Jerusalem, a peaceful pasture, a tent that does not wander; its tent pegs will not be pulled up, nor will any of its cords be broken.
Here: A poetic word for 'city' (compare Isa 1:21, 26, 'the faithful city'), here bound to the next word: 'the city of…'.
Jeremiah · 1
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Jeremiah 49:25 קִרְיַ֖ת [the] town of
How is the city of praise not forsaken, the town that brings Me joy?
Lamentations · 1
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Lamentations 2:11 קִרְיָֽה׃ ס a town
My eyes fail from weeping; I am churning within. My heart is poured out in grief over the destruction of the daughter of my people, because children and infants faint in the streets of the city.
Here: "Of a town": a poetic word for city, here meaning Jerusalem. The paragraph marker (ס) follows, closing the kaf stanza.
Hosea · 1
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Hosea 6:8 קִרְיַ֖ת [is] a town of
Gilead is a city of evildoers, tracked with footprints of blood.
Micah · 1
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Micah 4:10 מִקִּרְיָ֜ה from [the] town
Writhe in agony, O Daughter of Zion, like a woman in labor. For now you will leave the city and camp in the open fields. You will go to Babylon; there you will be rescued; there the LORD will redeem you from the hand of your enemies!
Here: 'From (the) city', a poetic word for a fortified town. It means Jerusalem with its walls, the place that was supposed to keep her safe.
Habakkuk · 3
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Habakkuk 2:8 קִרְיָ֖ה [the] town
Because you have plundered many nations, the remnant of the people will plunder you—because of your bloodshed against man and your violence against the land, the city, and all their dwellers.
Here: 'Town'. A poetic word for a city. It narrows from the countryside to the walled settlement, the place where sieges were laid and slaughter happened.
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Habakkuk 2:12 קִרְיָ֖ה a town
Woe to him who builds a city with bloodshed and establishes a town by iniquity!
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Habakkuk 2:17 קִרְיָ֖ה [the] town
For your violence against Lebanon will overwhelm you, and the destruction of animals will terrify you, because of your bloodshed against men and your violence against the land, the city, and all their dwellers.
Here: "Town," again with no "the." It is the same word used in v. 12 of the town founded on injustice, and it pictures one community standing for all the conquered ones.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.