Greek word · G1821

ἐξαποστέλλω

exapostellō

to send out/away

To send out or send off. Used for dispatching messengers or envoys on a task, sending people away, or dismissing them (Luke 1:53 'sent away empty'; Acts 9:30; 11:22). The prefix ex- ('out from') strengthens the ordinary apostellō, 'send'.

Appears 12 times in 12 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·

What it means

ἐξ-απο-στέλλω

[in LXX freq., chiefly for שָׁלַח pi. ;]

1. to send forth: with accusative of person(s), Acts 7:12 12:11, Galatians 4:4; τ. ἐπαγγελίαν, Luke 24:49; τ. πνεῦμα, Galatians 4:6; [τ. κήρυγμα, Mark 16:1-20, "shorter conclusion," WH ;] before εἰς, Acts 22:21; pass., ὁ λόγος, Acts 13:26.

2. to send away: with accusative of person(s), before εἰς, Acts 9:30; before ἕως, Acts 11:22; with inf., Acts 17:14; κενόν, Luke 1:53 20:10-11.†

(AS)

From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Galatians 4:4

Range of meaning

To send out or send off. Used for dispatching messengers or envoys on a task, sending people away, or dismissing them (Luke 1:53 'sent away empty'; Acts 9:30; 11:22). The prefix ex- ('out from') strengthens the ordinary apostellō, 'send'.

Against the English

KJV, ESV and YLT have 'sent forth' and WEB has 'sent out', which keeps the 'out from' idea. BSB, NIV and NLT have plain 'sent'. That is accurate, but the echo of 'sent out from' God disappears.

Used elsewhere in the period

Very common in the LXX. In Wisdom of Solomon 9:10 the speaker prays, 'send her [Wisdom] forth (exaposteilon) from the holy heavens', and in 9:17, 'you sent your holy spirit from on high'. Psalm 107:20 (LXX 106:20) says God 'sent his word and healed them'. In Jesus' parable of the tenants, the owner finally sends 'his beloved son' (Mark 12:6, apostellō).

From the study of Acts 22:21

Range of meaning

'Send out, send away, send off,' often for a mission or task. It can also mean dismissing someone ('send away empty,' Luke 1:53; 20:10–11). The double prefix (ex- 'out' + apo- 'away') stresses sending from one place out to another (BDAG s.v. ἐξαποστέλλω).

Against the English

English 'send' is accurate but bare. It does not show that this verb belongs to the family of apostolos, 'one sent,' or that it echoes how God sends prophets in the Greek Old Testament.

Used elsewhere in the period

LXX Ezek 2:3: 'Son of man, exapostellō egō se, I am sending you to the house of Israel.' The wording is strikingly close to Acts 22:21 (egō … exapostelō se), but the destination is reversed. LXX Isa 66:19: 'I will send out (exapostelō) survivors to the nations … to the far-off coastlands.' In Acts it is used in Acts 9:30, where the believers 'sent Paul off' to Tarsus (exapesteilan), Acts 13:26 ('the word of this salvation has been sent out'), and Acts 17:14.

From the study of Galatians 4:6

Range of meaning

To send out or send away; to dispatch an envoy or agent from the sender's presence on a commission; also to send someone off empty-handed (Luke 1:53).

Against the English

KJV and NASB "sent forth" and WEB "sent out" keep the sense of being dispatched on a mission. BSB, ESV and NIV "sent" is accurate but plainer, and can hide the exact echo of v.4.

Used elsewhere in the period

Common in the LXX for God sending messengers or agents (e.g., Ps 104:30 LXX 103:30, "you will send out your spirit, and they will be created"). Wisdom 9:10 prays that God would "send her [Wisdom] out" from the holy heavens, and 9:17 speaks of God sending his holy spirit from on high. These are Jewish precedents for a divine sending of Wisdom and Spirit side by side.

Where it appears

Luke · 3
  1. Luke 1:53 ἐξαπέστειλεν He has sent away

    He has filled the hungry with good things, but has sent the rich away empty.

    Here: "He sent away": dismissing someone from your presence. The picture is a patron's door, where some callers are fed and others are sent off without receiving anything.

  2. Luke 20:10 ἐξαπέστειλαν sent away

    At harvest time, he sent a servant to the tenants to collect his share of the fruit of the vineyard. But the tenants beat the servant and sent him away empty-handed.

    Here: 'They sent [him] away.' It is a bitter echo of the owner's 'he sent' (apesteilen) earlier in the verse. The owner sent the slave to them with a commission, and they sent him off again with nothing, throwing the owner's authority back in his face.

  3. Luke 20:11 ἐξαπέστειλαν they sent away

    So he sent another servant, but they beat him and treated him shamefully, sending him away empty-handed.

Acts · 7
  1. Acts 7:12 ἐξαπέστειλεν he sent forth

    When Jacob heard that there was grain in Egypt, he sent our fathers on their first visit.

    Here: 'He sent off.' A double-compound verb (out + away + send) for sending someone off on a task, here a journey to buy food. It is a word Luke likes.

  2. Acts 9:30 ἐξαπέστειλαν sent away

    When the brothers learned of this, they took him down to Caesarea and sent him off to Tarsus.

  3. Acts 11:22 ἐξαπέστειλαν they sent forth

    When news of this reached the ears of the church in Jerusalem, they sent Barnabas to Antioch.

  4. Acts 12:11 ἐξαπέστειλεν has sent forth

    Then Peter came to himself and said, “Now I know for sure that the Lord has sent His angel and rescued me from Herod’s grasp and from everything the Jewish people were anticipating.”

    Here: 'Sent out', with a doubled prefix (ex- 'out' plus apo- 'away'). It stresses that the angel was sent on a mission. In the Greek Old Testament (the Septuagint) this verb is used for God sending agents and for Pharaoh 'sending out' Israel.

  5. Acts 13:26 ἐξαπεστάλη. was sent out.

    Brothers, children of Abraham, and you Gentiles who fear God, it is to us that this message of salvation has been sent.

    Here: Aorist passive, "was sent out." The sender goes unnamed but is clearly God. The verb treats the message like an envoy sent out on a mission.

  6. Acts 17:14 ἐξαπέστειλαν sent away

    The brothers immediately sent Paul to the coast, but Silas and Timothy remained in Berea.

  7. Acts 22:21 ἐξαποστελῶ will send

    Then He said to me, ‘Go! I will send you far away to the Gentiles.’”

    Here: Future tense: 'I will send out.' The verb is built on 'send' (stellō) with two prefixes meaning 'out' and 'away,' and it belongs to the same family as 'apostle' (apostolos, 'one sent'). In the Greek Old Testament it is a verb God uses when he commissions people. Here it amounts to Jesus commissioning Paul himself.

Galatians · 2
  1. Galatians 4:4 ἐξαπέστειλεν sent forth

    But when the time had fully come, God sent His Son, born of a woman, born under the law,

    Here: 'Sent out from', a stronger form of the ordinary verb for sending a messenger or envoy. God dispatched his Son on a mission. Paul uses the same verb in verse 6 for God sending 'the Spirit of his Son'.

  2. Galatians 4:6 ἐξαπέστειλεν sent forth

    And because you are sons, God sent the Spirit of His Son into our hearts, crying out, “Abba, Father!”

    Here: "Sent out" on a mission from the sender's presence. It is the same verb, in the same form, as v.4's "God sent forth his Son", so the verse pairs two sendings: first the Son, then the Spirit of the Son.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.