ἔσχατος

Matthew 5:26 ἔσχατον last

Truly I tell you, you will not get out until you have paid the last penny.

Here: 'The last' coin in the reckoning. Nothing is written off. The account is settled down to the final coin.

Matthew 12:45 ἔσχατα last

Then it goes and brings with it seven other spirits more wicked than itself, and they go in and dwell there. And the final plight of that man is worse than the first. So will it be with this wicked generation.”

Here: Literally 'the last things', meaning his later condition, how things finally turn out for him. It is a set phrase, not a reference to the end times.

Matthew 19:30 ἔσχατοι, ἔσχατοι last,, last

But many who are first will be last, and the last will be first.

Here: What these "first" will become: last in rank, at the bottom of the order of honor in the coming kingdom.

Matthew 20:8 ἐσχάτων last

When evening came, the owner of the vineyard said to his foreman, ‘Call the workers and pay them their wages, starting with the last ones hired and moving on to the first.’

Matthew 20:12 ἔσχατοι last

‘These men who were hired last worked only one hour,’ they said, ‘and you have made them equal to us who have borne the burden and the scorching heat of the day.’

Matthew 20:14 ἐσχάτῳ last

Take your pay and go. I want to give this last man the same as I gave you.

Here: "Last" here means the one hired at the eleventh hour (v.6–9). It repeats the line that frames the parable: "the last will be first, and the first last" (19:30; 20:16). The word can also mean lowest in rank.

Matthew 20:16 ἔσχατοι ἔσχατοι last

So the last will be first, and the first will be last.”

Here: Means both last in time (hired last, at about 5 p.m.) and lowest in standing, the people with no claim. The parable uses both senses.

Matthew 27:64 ἐσχάτη last

So give the order that the tomb be secured until the third day. Otherwise, His disciples may come and steal Him away and tell the people He has risen from the dead. And this last deception would be worse than the first.”

Mark 9:35 ἔσχατος last

Sitting down, Jesus called the Twelve and said, “If anyone wants to be first, he must be the last of all and the servant of all.”

Here: Last in rank, the bottom of the order. It is the exact opposite of prōtos.

Mark 10:31 ἔσχατοι ἔσχατοι last

But many who are first will be last, and the last will be first.”

Here: Predicate: what the 'first' will become. It means the lowest place in the order of honour, like the bottom seat at a banquet.

Mark 12:6 ἔσχατον last

Finally, having one beloved son, he sent him to them. ‘They will respect my son,’ he said.

Here: 'Last': he is the final envoy, and there is no one left after him. It implies that this is the owner's final attempt before he acts himself (v. 9).

Mark 12:22 ἔσχατον Last

In this way, none of the seven left any children. And last of all, the woman died.

Luke 11:26 ἔσχατα last

Then it goes and brings seven other spirits more wicked than itself, and they go in and dwell there. And the final plight of that man is worse than the first.”

Luke 12:59 ἔσχατον last

I tell you, you will not get out until you have paid the very last penny.”

Luke 13:30 ἔσχατοι ἔσχατοι.¶ last, last.

And indeed, some who are last will be first, and some who are first will be last.”

Here: People at the bottom of the order of honour or privilege, the ones nobody would expect at the head table. In context these include the people streaming in 'from east and west' (v. 29).

Luke 14:9 ἔσχατον last

Then the host who invited both of you will come and tell you, ‘Give this man your seat.’ And in humiliation, you will have to take the last place.

Luke 14:10 ἔσχατον last

But when you are invited, go and sit in the last place, so that your host will come and tell you, ‘Friend, move up to a better place.’ Then you will be honored in front of everyone at the table with you.

John 6:39 ἐσχάτῃ last

And this is the will of Him who sent Me, that I shall lose none of those He has given Me, but raise them up at the last day.

Here: The final day of this age, when the dead rise and judgment comes.

John 6:40 ἐσχάτῃ last

For it is My Father’s will that everyone who looks to the Son and believes in Him shall have eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day.”

Here: The final day of this age, when God raises the dead and judges.

John 6:44 ἐσχάτῃ last

“No one can come to Me unless the Father who sent Me draws him, and I will raise him up at the last day.

Here: 'Last' in the sense of the closing day of this age, the day of resurrection and judgment that Jews of the time were waiting for.

John 6:54 ἐσχάτῃ last

Whoever eats My flesh and drinks My blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day.

Here: 'Last' in the sense of the final day of history as it now runs.

John 7:37 ἐσχάτῃ last

On the last and greatest day of the feast, Jesus stood up and called out in a loud voice, “If anyone is thirsty, let him come to Me and drink.

Here: Simply the final day of the festival week. It is the same root as "eschatology", but here it is about the calendar, not the end of the world. (John does use the word for the end-time elsewhere, e.g. "the last day" of resurrection in 6:39–54, and the overlap may be felt, but the plain sense is the festival's closing day.)

John 11:24 ἐσχάτῃ last

Martha replied, “I know that he will rise again in the resurrection at the last day.”

Here: The final day of the present age, when God brings history to its close in judgment and new life.

John 12:48 ἐσχάτῃ last

There is a judge for the one who rejects Me and does not receive My words: The word that I have spoken will judge him on the last day.

Here: 'Last' in time: the final day of this age. Elsewhere in John it is the day of the resurrection (6:39, 40, 44, 54; 11:24).

Acts 1:8 ἐσχάτου [the] uttermost part

But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes upon you, and you will be My witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth.”

Here: 'The last [part].' Singular, meaning the farthest edge. The exact phrase comes from Isaiah 49:6 (Greek), where God's servant is a 'light to the nations … to the end of the earth.'

Acts 2:17 ἐσχάταις last

‘In the last days, God says, I will pour out My Spirit on all people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your young men will see visions, your old men will dream dreams.

Here: "Last" in the sense of final and decisive: the closing age of God's purposes that the prophets looked toward. Luke has this in place of Joel's plainer "afterward."

Acts 13:47 ἐσχάτου [the] uttermost part

For this is what the Lord has commanded us: ‘I have made you a light for the Gentiles, to bring salvation to the ends of the earth.’”

Here: 'The farthest [point]', singular. This is the same phrase as Jesus' commission in Acts 1:8, so readers of Acts hear the two together.

1 Corinthians 4:9 ἐσχάτους last

For it seems to me that God has displayed us apostles at the end of the procession, like prisoners appointed for death. We have become a spectacle to the whole world, to angels as well as to men.

Here: "As last." This describes how they are displayed: they are the final act in the show, the ones brought out at the end. The word also suggests the lowest in rank, the exact opposite of the "kings" of verse 8.

1 Corinthians 15:8 ἔσχατον Last

And last of all He appeared to me also, as to one of untimely birth.

Here: Used as an adverb: 'last', the final item in the list of resurrection appearances that began in v. 5. Paul stands it first for emphasis: the list ends with him. The same word can also mean 'lowest in rank', which sets up 'least of the apostles' in v. 9.

1 Corinthians 15:26 ἔσχατος [The] last

The last enemy to be destroyed is death.

Here: Last in a sequence. It comes first in the Greek for emphasis: after every other hostile power has been dealt with (v. 24), one is left. It does not mean 'worst' or 'least important'.

1 Corinthians 15:45 ἔσχατος last

So it is written: “The first man Adam became a living being”; the last Adam a life-giving spirit.

Here: 'Last' as in final, not just 'later'. No third Adam comes after him. The word also suggests the age to come (end-time things were 'the last things').

1 Corinthians 15:52 ἐσχάτῃ last

in an instant, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, the dead will be raised imperishable, and we will be changed.

Here: 'Last': the closing trumpet of the age. The same chapter uses the word for the 'last enemy', death (v.26), and the 'last Adam', Christ (v.45). It marks the end of the story, not necessarily the end of a numbered list.

2 Timothy 3:1 ἐσχάταις [the] last

But understand this: In the last days terrible times will come.

Here: "Last" in the biblical sense: the closing era of history, when God's promises come to fulfillment. For the NT writers that era had already begun with Jesus and the gift of the Spirit.

Hebrews 1:2 ἐσχάτου [this] last

But in these last days He has spoken to us by His Son, whom He appointed heir of all things, and through whom He made the universe.

Here: Used as a noun, 'the last part, the end' of these days. It answers v.1's 'long ago' (palai). The final stage of history is where the author places his own time.

James 5:3 ἐσχάταις [the] last

Your gold and silver are corroded. Their corrosion will testify against you and consume your flesh like fire. You have hoarded treasure in the last days.

Here: 'Last'. With 'days' it is the prophets' phrase for the final era. The early church believed that era had begun with Jesus.

1 Peter 1:5 ἐσχάτῳ· last;

who through faith are shielded by God’s power for the salvation that is ready to be revealed in the last time.

Here: The final moment of the present age. In 1:20 Peter says Christ already appeared 'at the end of the times,' so the last age has begun, and its last moment is still ahead.

1 Peter 1:20 ἐσχάτου [this] last

He was known before the foundation of the world, but was revealed in the last times for your sake.

Here: This is singular and used as a noun: 'the last [part]' of the times, meaning the final stretch of history. It echoes the prophets' phrase 'in the latter days'.

2 Peter 2:20 ἔσχατα last [state]

If indeed they have escaped the corruption of the world through the knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, only to be entangled and overcome by it again, their final condition is worse than it was at first.

Here: Neuter plural "the last things," meaning their later condition or how they end up. In this phrase it is not the technical "end times" sense.

2 Peter 3:3 ἐσχάτων [these] last

Most importantly, you must understand that in the last days scoffers will come, scoffing and following their own evil desires.

Here: 'Last.' Together with 'of the days' it names the final age of history, the time when God brings his purposes to completion. In early Christian thought that age had already begun with Jesus.

1 John 2:18 ἐσχάτη ἐσχάτη [the] last

Children, it is the last hour; and just as you have heard that the antichrist is coming, so now many antichrists have appeared. This is how we know it is the last hour.

Here: 'Last' in the sense of final in a sequence: the closing stretch of the present age. Placed first in its clause for emphasis: 'LAST hour it is.'

Jude 1:18 ἐσχάτου [this] last

when they said to you, “In the last times there will be scoffers who will follow after their own ungodly desires.”

Here: "Last." In early Christian speech this is the final stage of history, which they believed had already begun with Jesus. It is not a remote future era.

Revelation 1:17 ἔσχατος Last

When I saw Him, I fell at His feet like a dead man. But He placed His right hand on me and said, “Do not be afraid. I am the First and the Last,

Here: Last in the sense of final: the one still there at the end, who has the final word on history. In this context it is not 'least'.

Revelation 2:8 ἔσχατος, Last,

To the angel of the church in Smyrna write: These are the words of the First and the Last, who died and returned to life.

Here: The final one, the one who stands at the end of all things. Together with 'First' it names the one who spans all of history.

Revelation 2:19 ἔσχατα latter

I know your deeds—your love, your faith, your service, your perseverance—and your latest deeds are greater than your first.

Here: Here it means time: the most recent works, the church's present conduct. It has nothing to do with the end times.

Revelation 15:1 ἐσχάτας, last,

Then I saw another great and marvelous sign in heaven: seven angels with the seven final plagues, with which the wrath of God is completed.

Here: Last in the series. After the seals and the trumpets, this third set of seven closes the sequence. The next clause says why they are last.

Revelation 21:9 ἐσχάτων last

Then one of the seven angels with the seven bowls full of the seven final plagues came and said to me, “Come, I will show you the bride, the wife of the Lamb.”

Here: Last in the sequence, because with them 'the wrath of God is completed' (15:1). Nothing comes after them in the judgment series.

Revelation 22:13 ἔσχατος, Last,

I am the Alpha and the Omega, the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End.”

Here: Last in the sense of ultimate and final. Nothing outlasts him. In Revelation, Jesus already uses "the First and the Last" of himself (1:17; 2:8), where it is linked to his dying and coming back to life.