μάρτυς

Matthew 18:16 μαρτύρων witnesses

But if he will not listen, take one or two others along, so that ‘every matter may be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.’

Here: A legal witness: someone whose testimony can confirm or disprove a claim before a community or court. It has nothing yet of the later sense 'martyr'.

Matthew 26:65 μαρτύρων; of witnesses?

At this, the high priest tore his clothes and declared, “He has blasphemed! Why do we need any more witnesses? Look, now you have heard the blasphemy.

Here: These are courtroom witnesses, the kind the Law of Moses required: two or three to agree before a death sentence (Deuteronomy 17:6; 19:15). Earlier in the night the court "sought false testimony" and had trouble getting it.

Mark 14:63 μαρτύρων; of witnesses?

At this, the high priest tore his clothes and declared, “Why do we need any more witnesses?

Here: Legal witnesses: people who testify in court to what they saw or heard. The point is that the judges themselves have now heard Jesus speak, so they have become the witnesses (v. 64: 'You have heard').

Luke 11:48 μάρτυρές witnesses

So you are witnesses consenting to the deeds of your fathers: They killed the prophets, and you build their tombs.

Luke 24:48 μάρτυρες witnesses

You are witnesses of these things.

Here: People who saw or heard something firsthand and can attest it as true, as a witness does in court. Their status rests on what they saw, not on how well they speak. It does not yet mean 'martyrs' in the sense of people who die for their faith.

Acts 1:8 μάρτυρες witnesses

But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes upon you, and you will be My witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth.”

Here: People who testify to what they know first-hand, as in a courtroom. Above all this means Jesus' ministry, death and resurrection (1:21–22). It echoes Isaiah 43:10: 'You are my witnesses.'

Acts 1:22 μάρτυρα a witness

beginning from John’s baptism until the day Jesus was taken up from us. For one of these must become a witness with us of His resurrection.”

Here: An eyewitness who can testify, someone able to say "I was there and I saw". This is the job being filled. It is not yet the later sense "martyr".

Acts 2:32 μάρτυρες. witnesses.

God has raised this Jesus to life, to which we are all witnesses.

Here: People who saw something firsthand and testify to it publicly, as in a court. Peter offers the apostles as evidence alongside the Scripture argument from Psalm 16.

Acts 3:15 μάρτυρές witnesses

You killed the Author of life, but God raised Him from the dead, and we are witnesses of this fact.

Here: Witnesses in the legal sense: people who saw something firsthand and give evidence about it. Not yet "martyrs".

Acts 5:32 μάρτυρες witnesses

We are witnesses of these things, and so is the Holy Spirit, whom God has given to those who obey Him.”

Here: Legal word for people who give testimony to what they saw and heard. Before the Sanhedrin it is literal courtroom language: the defendants claim the standing of eyewitnesses.

Acts 6:13 μάρτυρας witnesses

where they presented false witnesses who said, “This man never stops speaking against this holy place and against the law.

Here: Witnesses in a court, people who testify to what they have seen or heard. Under the Law of Moses their testimony could decide a capital case.

Acts 7:58 μάρτυρες witnesses

They dragged him out of the city and began to stone him. Meanwhile the witnesses laid their garments at the feet of a young man named Saul.

Here: The people who had testified against Stephen. Under Deut 17:7 the witnesses had to throw the first stones, so these men are the accusers who now lead the execution. They are not bystanders, and they are not 'martyrs'.

Acts 10:39 μάρτυρες witnesses

We are witnesses of all that He did, both in the land of the Jews and in Jerusalem. And although they put Him to death by hanging Him on a tree,

Here: Eyewitnesses who can give testimony that would stand up in court. This is a credential: what Peter is about to say comes from people who saw it.

Acts 10:41 μάρτυσιν to [the] witnesses

not by all the people, but by the witnesses God had chosen beforehand, by us who ate and drank with Him after He rose from the dead.

Here: People who personally saw something and are competent to testify to it, as in a court. They are qualified eyewitnesses, not people sharing their spiritual experience.

Acts 13:31 μάρτυρες witnesses

and for many days He was seen by those who had accompanied Him from Galilee to Jerusalem. They are now His witnesses to our people.

Here: People who saw something for themselves and testify to it, as in a court. This is eyewitness testimony to a fact, not a description of their inner experience. It is not yet the later sense of "martyr".

Acts 22:15 μάρτυς a witness

You will be His witness to everyone of what you have seen and heard.

Here: A witness in the courtroom sense: someone who personally saw or heard something and testifies to it. The word carries no idea of dying for the faith yet. It names Paul as a qualified eyewitness.

Acts 22:20 μάρτυρός witness

And when the blood of Your witness Stephen was shed, I stood there giving my approval and watching over the garments of those who killed him.’

Acts 26:16 μάρτυρα a witness

‘But get up and stand on your feet. For I have appeared to you to appoint you as a servant and as a witness of what you have seen from Me and what I will show you.

Here: One who testifies to what he has personally seen or heard, often in a legal setting. Here Paul says it while standing on trial.

Romans 1:9 μάρτυς Witness

God, whom I serve with my spirit in preaching the gospel of His Son, is my witness how constantly I remember you

Here: Someone who can testify to a fact, especially in a legal setting. Placed first for emphasis, it opens a solemn oath: Paul calls God into the witness box.

2 Corinthians 1:23 μάρτυρα as witness

I call God as my witness that it was in order to spare you that I did not return to Corinth.

Here: Placed first after the subject for emphasis: God is summoned 'as witness', in the legal sense of someone who can confirm or condemn a statement. Nothing to do with the later sense 'martyr'.

2 Corinthians 13:1 μαρτύρων witnesses

This is the third time I am coming to you. “Every matter must be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.”

Here: Witnesses in the courtroom sense: people who saw or know the facts and testify to them. Here it has nothing to do with martyrdom.

Philippians 1:8 Μάρτυς Witness

God is my witness how I long for all of you with the affection of Christ Jesus.

Here: Someone who can testify to a fact, especially in court. It comes first in the sentence for emphasis. Paul calls God into the witness box, which is the standard wording of an oath.

1 Thessalonians 2:5 μάρτυς, witness —

As you know, we never used words of flattery or any pretext for greed. God is our witness!

Here: A witness in the legal sense: someone who can testify to the facts. Calling God as witness is a solemn oath, the strongest guarantee Paul can give about something no human can check.

1 Thessalonians 2:10 μάρτυρες witnesses

You are witnesses, and so is God, of how holy, righteous, and blameless our conduct was among you who believed.

Here: Eyewitnesses who can testify, a word at home in the law court. No verb is written; Greek leaves 'are' to be understood: 'You are witnesses.'

1 Timothy 5:19 μαρτύρων. witnesses.

Do not entertain an accusation against an elder, except on the testimony of two or three witnesses.

Here: People who give testimony in a legal sense. More than one independent person has to back up the charge. The word had not yet taken on its later meaning of "martyr".

1 Timothy 6:12 μαρτύρων.¶ witnesses.

Fight the good fight of the faith. Take hold of the eternal life to which you were called when you made the good confession before many witnesses.

Here: People who saw it and could testify to it, as witnesses do in a legal or public setting. The later sense 'martyr' had not yet developed, though v13's link to Jesus before Pilate points toward costly testimony.

2 Timothy 2:2 μαρτύρων, witnesses,

And the things that you have heard me say among many witnesses, entrust these to faithful men who will be qualified to teach others as well.

Here: People who can confirm what was said. This is the language of a law court, where witnesses establish facts. It does not mean "martyrs" here, and it is not about evangelistic "witnessing."

Hebrews 10:28 μάρτυσιν witnesses

Anyone who rejected the law of Moses died without mercy on the testimony of two or three witnesses.

Here: Courtroom witnesses who saw the offence. Under Deuteronomy 17:7 they also carried the duty of casting the first stone. It does not yet carry the later meaning 'martyr'.

Hebrews 12:1 μαρτύρων, of witnesses,

Therefore, since we are surrounded by such a great cloud of witnesses, let us throw off every encumbrance and the sin that so easily entangles, and let us run with endurance the race set out for us.

Here: 'Of witnesses': the faithful people of chapter 11, to whom God 'bore witness' (11:2, 4, 5, 39) and whose lives now testify that faith holds. The setting of a race also suggests people watching.

1 Peter 5:1 μάρτυς witness

As a fellow elder, a witness of Christ’s sufferings, and a partaker of the glory to be revealed, I appeal to the elders among you:

Here: One who has seen and/or testifies to something. Here: one who saw, and now bears testimony to, the Messiah's sufferings. Not yet the later technical sense 'martyr'.

Revelation 1:5 μάρτυς witness

and from Jesus Christ, the faithful witness, the firstborn from the dead, and the ruler of the kings of the earth. To Him who loves us and has released us from our sins by His blood,

Here: One who gives testimony, as in a court. Jesus is the one who testified to God's truth: before Pilate, by his death, and now in this revelation (1:2).

Revelation 2:13 μάρτυς witness

I know where you live, where the throne of Satan sits, yet you hold fast to My name. You did not deny your faith in Me, even in the days of My faithful witness Antipas, who was killed among you where Satan dwells.

Here: Someone who testifies, especially in a legal setting. Antipas is given the very title Christ has in 1:5 and 3:14, 'the faithful witness'. His testimony ended in his death, which is why this word later came to mean 'martyr'.

Revelation 3:14 μάρτυς Witness

To the angel of the church in Laodicea write: These are the words of the Amen, the faithful and true Witness, the Originator of God’s creation.

Here: Someone who testifies to what he has seen, often in a court. It picks up Revelation 1:5, where Jesus is 'the faithful witness'. He testifies truly about God, and in v. 15 truly about Laodicea.

Revelation 11:3 μάρτυσίν witnesses

And I will empower my two witnesses, and they will prophesy for 1,260 days, clothed in sackcloth.”

Here: People who give testimony, as in a court. In Revelation a witness is someone who speaks for God in public and stands by it even to death. These two are killed in 11:7, but the word still means 'witness,' not yet 'martyr.'

Revelation 17:6 μαρτύρων witnesses

I could see that the woman was drunk with the blood of the saints and witnesses for Jesus. And I was utterly amazed at the sight of her.

Here: People who testify: in court, publicly, about what they know. Here they are those who held to their testimony about Jesus and were killed for it. The word is on its way to becoming 'martyr', but its root image is still a witness giving testimony.