Greek word · G3543

νομίζω

nomizō

to think

To hold an opinion, think, suppose, assume, or consider something customary. It is related to nomos, 'custom, law'. The core idea is a belief based on what is usual or expected, not on proof.

Appears 15 times in 15 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·

What it means

νομίζω

(νόμος), [in LXX: Wisdom of Solomon 13:2 17:3, Sirach 29:4, 1-28; 2Ma.4:1-50, 4Ma.8:1-29 * ;]

1. to practise, hold by custom: Acts 16:13 (Rec., but see infr.).

2. to deem, consider, suppose: Matthew 5:17 10:34 20:10, Luke 2:44 3:23, Acts 7:25 8:20 14:19 16:13, 27 17:29 21:29, 1 Corinthians 7:26 7:36, 1 Timothy 6:5.†

SYN.: ἡγέομαι, q.v (AS)

From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Matthew 20:10

Range of meaning

To hold an opinion, think, suppose, assume, or consider something customary. It is related to nomos, 'custom, law'. The core idea is a belief based on what is usual or expected, not on proof.

Against the English

'Thought' (ESV, NASB), 'assumed' (BSB, NLT), 'expected' (NIV) and 'supposed' (KJV, WEB, YLT) all fit. 'Expected' and 'assumed' best bring out the sense of a forward-looking calculation.

Used elsewhere in the period

Common in classical and Koine Greek for holding an opinion. In Matthew: 5:17 and 10:34 ('do not suppose that I came…'), both correcting a wrong assumption. Luke 2:44 has Jesus' parents 'supposing' he was in the caravan, and he was not. Acts 7:25 has Moses 'supposing' his kin would understand, and they did not.

From the study of Acts 14:19

Range of meaning

To think, suppose, assume, consider. Used for a belief or expectation held by the subject, often with no guarantee that it is right.

Against the English

'Supposing' (KJV, WEB, ESV), 'thinking' and 'presuming' (BSB) all rightly present it as the attackers' belief. 'Presuming' slightly highlights the possibility that they were mistaken.

Used elsewhere in the period

Luke has a marked habit of using νομίζω for assumptions that turn out wrong. Luke 2:44: Jesus' parents 'supposing him to be in the group'. Luke 3:23: Jesus son of Joseph 'as was supposed'. Acts 7:25: Moses 'supposed' his brothers would understand. Acts 8:20: Simon 'thought' God's gift could be bought. Acts 16:27: the jailer 'supposing' the prisoners had fled. Acts 21:29: they 'supposed' Paul had brought Trophimus into the temple.

From the study of Acts 17:29

Range of meaning

Related to nomos ('custom, law'). Meanings: to hold or practise something as customary; to acknowledge (especially gods) by established usage; to think, suppose, consider.

Against the English

All English versions have 'think', which is accurate but loses the overtone of customary religious acknowledgement that the word would have had in Athens.

Used elsewhere in the period

The formal charge against Socrates (Plato, Apology 24b–c; Xenophon, Memorabilia 1.1.1) was that he did 'not acknowledge (nomizein) the gods the city acknowledges' and brought in 'new divinities'. Acts 17:18 echoes that charge: Paul 'seems to be a proclaimer of foreign divinities'. Elsewhere in the New Testament the word simply means 'suppose' (Matthew 5:17; Acts 16:13).

Where it appears

Matthew · 3
  1. Matthew 5:17 νομίσητε may think

    Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets. I have not come to abolish them, but to fulfill them.

    Here: To assume or reckon something is so. The form means 'don't start thinking', which suggests the idea was already around: some might draw it from Jesus' teaching, or his critics might say it. Matthew uses the same formula in 10:34 ('Do not think that I came to bring peace').

  2. Matthew 10:34 νομίσητε may you think

    Do not assume that I have come to bring peace to the earth; I have not come to bring peace, but a sword.

    Here: To hold an opinion or take something for granted. In the plural, it addresses the Twelve (and, through them, Matthew's readers), heading off an expectation they already had: that the Messiah's arrival means peace.

  3. Matthew 20:10 ἐνόμισαν they thought

    So when the original workers came, they assumed they would receive more. But each of them also received a denarius.

    Here: They formed an expectation. In Matthew this verb usually marks an assumption that turns out wrong ('Do not suppose that I came…', 5:17; 10:34). Here it sets up the letdown.

Luke · 2
  1. Luke 2:44 νομίσαντες Having supposed

    Assuming He was in their company, they traveled on for a day before they began to look for Him among their relatives and friends.

  2. Luke 3:23 ἐνομίζετο, was supposed

    Jesus Himself was about thirty years old when He began His ministry. He was regarded as the son of Joseph, the son of Heli,

    Here: Imperfect passive: 'as people were thinking'. Luke often uses this verb for assumptions that turn out wrong. Here it signals that Joseph's fatherhood was what people took for granted, while the reader knows from 1:34-35 that this is not the whole story.

Acts · 7
  1. Acts 7:25 ἐνόμιζεν He was supposing

    He assumed his brothers would understand that God was using him to deliver them, but they did not.

  2. Acts 8:20 ἐνόμισας you thought

    But Peter replied, “May your silver perish with you, because you thought you could buy the gift of God with money!

    Here: 'You supposed.' In Acts this verb often marks a mistaken assumption (7:25; 14:19; 16:27). Peter's charge is about what Simon thought, as well as what he did.

  3. Acts 14:19 νομίζοντες supposing

    Then some Jews arrived from Antioch and Iconium and won over the crowds. They stoned Paul and dragged him outside the city, presuming he was dead.

    Here: 'Supposing'. This is what the attackers believed. Luke uses this verb again and again for assumptions that turn out to be wrong, and the next verse shows Paul getting up.

  4. Acts 16:13 ἐνομίζομεν we were accustomed

    On the Sabbath we went outside the city gate along the river, where it was customary to find a place of prayer. After sitting down, we spoke to the women who had gathered there.

  5. Acts 16:27 νομίζων supposing

    When the jailer woke up and saw the prison doors open, he drew his sword and was about to kill himself, presuming that the prisoners had escaped.

  6. Acts 17:29 νομίζειν to consider

    Therefore, being offspring of God, we should not think that the Divine Being is like gold or silver or stone, an image formed by man’s skill and imagination.

    Here: 'To suppose' or 'to hold'. In Athens the word also meant the customary acknowledging of the gods, which was the charge against Socrates. So Paul is questioning the city's established religious assumptions, not just a passing opinion.

  7. Acts 21:29 ἐνόμιζον they were supposing

    For they had previously seen Trophimus the Ephesian with him in the city, and they assumed that Paul had brought him into the temple.

1 Corinthians · 2
  1. 1 Corinthians 7:26 νομίζω I think

    Because of the present crisis, I think it is good for a man to remain as he is.

    Here: "I consider / I hold." Paul marks this as his considered view, which fits v. 25, where he says he has no command from the Lord, only his own judgment (gnōmē). It is not hesitant guessing (KJV's "suppose" can sound too tentative), but it is not a command either.

  2. 1 Corinthians 7:36 νομίζει, supposes,

    However, if someone thinks he is acting inappropriately toward his betrothed, and if she is beyond her youth and they ought to marry, let him do as he wishes; he is not sinning; they should get married.

1 Timothy · 1
  1. 1 Timothy 6:5 νομιζόντων holding

    and constant friction between men of depraved mind who are devoid of the truth. These men regard godliness as a means of gain.

    Here: "Supposing". It is in the present tense, so this is their ongoing working assumption. The word often carries a sense of mistaken assumption, as in "they imagine."

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.