πλανάω

Matthew 18:12 πλανηθῇ πλανώμενον; shall have gone astray, going astray?

What do you think? If a man has a hundred sheep and one of them goes astray, will he not leave the ninety-nine on the hills and go out to search for the one that is lost?

Here: 'Should go astray.' The sheep belongs to the flock and drifts away from it. The passive form can also suggest 'is led astray', which echoes the warnings about causing little ones to stumble in 18:6–7.

Matthew 18:13 πεπλανημένοις. gone astray.

And if he finds it, truly I tell you, he rejoices more over that one sheep than over the ninety-nine that did not go astray.

Matthew 22:29 πλανᾶσθε You err

Jesus answered, “You are mistaken because you do not know the Scriptures or the power of God.

Here: "You are wandering off the path." The present tense shows a state they are in now, not one slip. The word pictures someone who has lost the road, like a stray sheep (Matt 18:12). It is stronger than "you made an error."

Matthew 24:4 πλανήσῃ. may mislead.

Jesus answered, “See to it that no one deceives you.

Here: 'Should lead astray.' The picture is of making someone wander off the road, like a sheep pulled away from the flock. The form looks at the act as a single event: the moment someone is drawn off course. The same verb returns in vv. 5, 11 and 24 and runs through the whole warning section.

Matthew 24:5 πλανήσουσιν. they will mislead.

For many will come in My name, claiming, ‘I am the Christ,’ and will deceive many.

Here: Literally 'cause to wander': leading people off the right road. It picks up the same verb from verse 4 ('that no one lead you astray') and pictures followers drawn after a false leader.

Matthew 24:11 πλανήσουσιν they will mislead

and many false prophets will arise and deceive many.

Here: 'They will lead astray.' The picture is of making someone wander off the road, like a lost sheep (the same verb in Matt 18:12–13). It covers being fooled in what you believe and also being drawn off the way of life you were on.

Matthew 24:24 πλανῆσαι to mislead

For false Christs and false prophets will appear and perform great signs and wonders to deceive even the elect, if that were possible.

Here: To make someone wander off the right path, like a sheep going astray (Matthew uses the same verb in 18:12–13). It is the keyword of the whole speech: 'See that no one leads you astray' (24:4, 5, 11). It means being led away, not just being fooled in your head; v. 26 pictures people literally heading out 'into the wilderness.'

Mark 12:24 πλανᾶσθε do you err

Jesus said to them, “Aren’t you mistaken, because you do not know the Scriptures or the power of God?

Here: Present tense: an ongoing state, 'you are wandering off the road'. The same verb comes back as Jesus' last word in v. 27, 'you are badly astray', so the whole reply begins and ends with it.

Mark 12:27 πλανᾶσθε.¶ you err.

He is not the God of the dead, but of the living. You are badly mistaken!”

Mark 13:5 πλανήσῃ. may mislead.

Jesus began by telling them, “See to it that no one deceives you.

Mark 13:6 πλανήσουσιν. they will mislead.

Many will come in My name, claiming, ‘I am He,’ and will deceive many.

Luke 21:8 πλανηθῆτε· you may be led astray;

Jesus answered, “See to it that you are not deceived. For many will come in My name, claiming, ‘I am He,’ and, ‘The time is near.’ Do not follow them.

Here: Passive: "be led astray". The picture is of being drawn off the right road by someone else. It is the start of a travel image that ends with "do not go after them".

John 7:12 πλανᾷ He deceives

Many in the crowds were whispering about Him. Some said, “He is a good man.” But others replied, “No, He deceives the people.”

Here: "He leads people astray." Literally, he makes them wander off the road. In Jewish usage this was the charge against a false prophet or false teacher who draws Israel away from God (Deut 13), and it carried a death penalty.

John 7:47 πεπλάνησθε; have been deceived?

“Have you also been deceived?” replied the Pharisees.

Here: Perfect tense, passive voice: 'you have been led off the road and are now in that strayed condition.' The word is the one used for a false teacher who leads God's people away from the true way, the same charge raised against Jesus in 7:12.

1 Corinthians 6:9 πλανᾶσθε· do be deceived:

Do you not know that the wicked will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived: Neither the sexually immoral, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor men who submit to or perform homosexual acts,

Here: A present-tense command: 'stop letting yourselves be led astray' or 'don't fool yourselves'. The image is wandering off the road. Paul suspects some Corinthians think their new spiritual status makes conduct irrelevant (compare their slogan 'all things are lawful for me', v. 12).

1 Corinthians 15:33 πλανᾶσθε· do be misled:

Do not be deceived: “Bad company corrupts good character.”

Here: "Be led astray" or "let yourselves wander off course." The picture is someone straying from the road, as with the word "planet," a "wandering" star. Paul uses the same warning in 6:9 and Galatians 6:7, each time just before a blunt moral truth.

Galatians 6:7 πλανᾶσθε, do be misled,

Do not be deceived: God is not to be mocked. Whatever a man sows, he will reap in return.

Here: "Be led astray" or "let yourselves be led off course". The picture is wandering off the road. It is a warning formula Paul uses elsewhere (1 Cor 6:9; 15:33), and it echoes 6:3, where a person "deceives himself". The danger is fooling yourself.

2 Timothy 3:13 πλανῶντες πλανώμενοι. deceiving, being deceived.

while evil men and imposters go from bad to worse, deceiving and being deceived.

Here: Active and ongoing: they keep making others wander off the right road. In early Jewish and Christian writing this was the typical activity of false prophets in the last days.

Titus 3:3 πλανώμενοι, being deceived,

For at one time we too were foolish, disobedient, misled, and enslaved to all sorts of desires and pleasures—living in malice and envy, being hated and hating one another.

Here: 'Being led astray' or 'wandering off course'. The present participle pictures an ongoing drift, like a sheep or a traveller off the road. The form can mean that others misled us or that we wandered ourselves.

Hebrews 3:10 πλανῶνται they go astray

Therefore I was angry with that generation, and I said, ‘Their hearts are always going astray, and they have not known My ways.’

Here: Present tense: they keep wandering. The picture is of straying off the path, like lost sheep. It is bitterly fitting for a people who literally wandered in the desert: their inner wandering matched their outer one.

Hebrews 5:2 πλανωμένοις, with those going astray,

He is able to deal gently with those who are ignorant and misguided, since he himself is subject to weakness.

Here: The picture is a stray sheep or a traveller who has lost the road. The present tense describes people who are drifting now, not people who have made a settled choice to rebel. The form can mean either 'wandering' or 'being led astray'.

Hebrews 11:38 πλανώμενοι wandering

The world was not worthy of them. They wandered in deserts and mountains, and hid in caves and holes in the ground.

Here: "Wandering about" with no settled home. It is a present participle, which describes continuous action, and it carries on verse 37's string of participles (destitute, oppressed, mistreated). In the active the verb means "to lead astray". Here the form means to roam, and the point is homelessness, not moral error.

James 1:16 πλανᾶσθε, do be misled,

Do not be deceived, my beloved brothers.

Here: A present-tense command whose form can be read as passive ('be led astray') or as middle, meaning done to oneself ('lead yourselves astray', 'wander off'). The root picture is losing the road. Here it warns against drifting into a false idea about God: that he is behind temptation (vv. 13–15). Truth about him is given in vv. 17–18.

James 5:19 πλανηθῇ shall wander

My brothers, if one of you should wander from the truth and someone should bring him back,

Here: The picture is of straying off a path, like a sheep that wanders from the flock. The passive form can mean "wanders" or "is led astray", so it carries both drifting and being deceived. The aorist form presents the straying as a single whole event, without fixing how long it lasts.

1 Peter 2:25 πλανώμενοι going astray

For “you were like sheep going astray,” but now you have returned to the Shepherd and Overseer of your souls.

Here: Present-tense participle: a continuous drifting, not one wrong turn. The word also carries the sense of moral and religious error, being misled, especially into idol worship. Its masculine form agrees with "you", not with the neuter "sheep", so the stress falls on the readers themselves.

2 Peter 2:15 ἐπλανήθησαν, they have gone astray,

They have left the straight way and wandered off to follow the way of Balaam son of Beor, who loved the wages of wickedness.

Here: The passive form means 'they wandered off' or 'were led astray'. It pictures a traveller who has lost the road, with a hint of being deceived. The word family gives English 'planet', a 'wandering' star.

1 John 1:8 πλανῶμεν we deceive

If we say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us.

Here: Active voice: we actively lead ourselves off the path. Elsewhere in John's letters this is the word for what the end-time deceivers and false teachers do (2:26; 3:7; 2 John 7).

1 John 2:26 πλανώντων leading astray

I have written these things to you about those who are trying to deceive you.

Here: Present participle: an activity still going on. The picture is of someone steering others off the right road. The context (2:27) suggests they are attempting it and have not succeeded, so 'trying to lead you astray' fits well.

1 John 3:7 πλανάτω should lead astray

Little children, let no one deceive you: The one who practices righteousness is righteous, just as Christ is righteous.

Here: A third-person command, "let [no one] lead astray". The verb pictures someone being steered off the road. Its present tense suggests the pressure was ongoing and that the readers must keep resisting it.

Revelation 2:20 πλανᾷ she misleads

But I have this against you: You tolerate that woman Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess. By her teaching she misleads My servants to be sexually immoral and to eat food sacrificed to idols.

Here: To make someone wander off the road. Revelation uses this verb for Satan, the beast's prophet and Babylon, which places her on the deceivers' side.

Revelation 12:9 πλανῶν is deceiving

And the great dragon was hurled down—that ancient serpent called the devil and Satan, the deceiver of the whole world. He was hurled to the earth, and his angels with him.

Here: A present participle: he is the one who keeps leading people off course. The picture is of making people wander from the right road, which in Revelation mostly means drawing them into idolatry and false worship.

Revelation 13:14 πλανᾷ it deceives

Because of the signs it was given to perform on behalf of the first beast, it deceived those who dwell on the earth, telling them to make an image to the beast that had been wounded by the sword and yet had lived.

Here: Present tense: "it leads astray". This is the main verb of the verse. The second beast does more than tell lies. It makes people wander off the true path into false worship, which is the dragon's own work (12:9).

Revelation 18:23 ἐπλανήθησαν were deceived

The light of a lamp will never shine in you again, and the voices of a bride and bridegroom will never call out in you again. For your merchants were the great ones of the earth, because all the nations were deceived by your sorcery.”

Here: 'Were led astray', a passive verb. The nations were made to wander off the true path. Revelation uses the same verb for what Satan and the beast do (12:9; 13:14; 20:3).

Revelation 19:20 ἐπλάνησεν he deceived

But the beast was captured along with the false prophet, who on its behalf had performed signs deceiving those who had the mark of the beast and worshiped its image. Both the beast and the false prophet were thrown alive into the fiery lake of burning sulfur.

Here: 'He led astray.' The picture is of making people wander off the right road, a key word in Revelation for how evil works (12:9; 13:14; 20:3, 8, 10).

Revelation 20:3 πλανήσῃ he may deceive

And he threw him into the Abyss, shut it, and sealed it over him, so that he could not deceive the nations until the thousand years were complete. After that, he must be released for a brief period of time.

Here: To make someone wander off the true path. In Revelation this is Satan's signature activity (12:9; 13:14; 20:8, 10), carried out especially through false worship.

Revelation 20:8 πλανῆσαι to deceive

and will go out to deceive the nations in the four corners of the earth—Gog and Magog—to assemble them for battle. Their number is like the sand of the seashore.

Here: An infinitive of purpose: he goes out *in order to* lead the nations astray. It picks up 20:3, where he was locked up 'so that he would no longer lead the nations astray'. The thing he was stopped from doing is exactly what he does again.

Revelation 20:10 πλανῶν is deceiving

And the devil who had deceived them was thrown into the lake of fire and sulfur, into which the beast and the false prophet had already been thrown. There they will be tormented day and night forever and ever.

Here: A present participle (a verb form working like an adjective) used as a standing description: “the deceiver of them.” Deceiving is what defines him (compare 12:9, “the one deceiving the whole world”). It is not simply a remark about one past act.