Greek word · G5343

φεύγω

pheugō

to flee

φεύγω means to flee, run away, escape, avoid. διώκω means to chase, pursue, hunt, and also to persecute (the same verb in Matt 5:44; Acts 9:4, 'why are you persecuting me?'). Both are verbs of running. Greek moral writers often paired them for avoiding vice and seeking virtue.

Appears 29 times in 29 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·

What it means

φεύγω

[in LXX chiefly for נוּס, also for בָּרַח, etc. ;]

to flee from or away, take flight: absol., Matthew 8:33 26:56, Mark 5:14 14:50, Luke 8:34, John 10:12, Acts 7:29; before εἰς, Matthew 2:13 10:23 24:16 (WH, txt.), Mark 13:14, Luke 21:21, Revelation 12:6; ἐπί, with accusative loc., Matthew 24:16 (WH, mg.); ἐκ, Acts 27:30; ἀπό, with genitive loc. (cl.), Mark 16:8; id. with genitive of person(s) (as in Heb.), John 10:5, James 4:7. Metaphorical: absol., Revelation 16:20; with accusative of thing(s), 1 Corinthians 6:18, Hebrews 11:34 (see M, Fr., 116); opposite to διώκειν, 1 Timothy 6:11, 2 Timothy 2:22; before άπό, with genitive of person(s), Revelation 9:6; άπὸ τ. προσώπου, Revelation 20:11; with genitive of thing(s), Matthew 3:7 (M, Pr., l.with) Matthew 23:33, Luke 3:7, 1 Corinthians 10:14 (cf. ἀπο-, δια-, ἐκ-, κατα-φεύγω).†

(AS)

From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of 1 Timothy 6:11

Range of meaning

φεύγω means to flee, run away, escape, avoid. διώκω means to chase, pursue, hunt, and also to persecute (the same verb in Matt 5:44; Acts 9:4, 'why are you persecuting me?'). Both are verbs of running. Greek moral writers often paired them for avoiding vice and seeking virtue.

Against the English

BSB, YLT and ESV keep the running picture with 'flee… pursue'. KJV and WEB 'follow after' sound gentler in modern English. 'Follow' now suggests trailing behind or tagging along, not chasing hard.

How it drifted

In 1611 'follow after' could mean to seek eagerly, but in current English 'follow' has gone soft.

Used elsewhere in the period

The same pair appears in 2 Tim 2:22 ('flee youthful passions, pursue righteousness, faith, love, peace'). διώκω for pursuing virtue: Rom 9:30–31; 12:13; 14:19; 1 Cor 14:1; Heb 12:14; LXX Prov 15:9; Isa 51:1 ('you who pursue righteousness').

From the study of 2 Timothy 2:22

Range of meaning

Pheugō: to flee, escape, avoid. Diōkō: to pursue, chase, hunt, strive after, and also to persecute. Together they make a familiar pair, the runner and the one chasing.

Against the English

KJV 'follow' is weaker than the Greek. It can sound like walking behind someone, when the word means chasing hard. Modern versions have 'pursue'.

How it drifted

'Follow' in 1611 could carry a sense of pursuing. Today it sounds passive.

Used elsewhere in the period

Paul gives Timothy the same pair of commands at 1 Timothy 6:11: 'flee these things; pursue righteousness, godliness, faith, love, endurance, gentleness'. Compare 1 Corinthians 6:18 and 10:14 ('flee sexual immorality', 'flee idolatry') and Romans 14:19 ('pursue the things that make for peace'). Greek moral teachers commonly described virtue as running from one thing and toward another.

From the study of James 4:7

Range of meaning

To flee, run away, escape; to shun or avoid (1 Cor 6:18; 10:14). Common for soldiers breaking and running, or people escaping danger.

Against the English

'Will flee' is exact. The point to notice is the grammar: a future indicative ('he will'), not a wish ('may he') or a possibility ('he might').

Used elsewhere in the period

The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs has a very close saying. T. Naphtali 8:4: 'if you do what is good… the devil will flee from you'. T. Issachar 7:7: 'every spirit of Beliar will flee from you'. T. Simeon 3:5: 'the evil spirit runs away from him'. T. Dan 5:1: 'that Beliar may flee from you'. The dating of the Testaments and the extent of Christian editing are debated, but they show this was a familiar Jewish moral saying. Hermas, Mandate 12.5.2 repeats it.

Where it appears

Matthew · 7
  1. Matthew 2:13 φεῦγε do flee

    When the Magi had gone, an angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream. “Get up!” he said. “Take the Child and His mother and flee to Egypt. Stay there until I tell you, for Herod is going to search for the Child to kill Him.”

    Here: “Flee,” to run from danger. It is a present-tense command, which pictures the flight as a journey to be carried through.

  2. Matthew 3:7 φυγεῖν to flee

    But when John saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to his place of baptism, he said to them, “You brood of vipers, who warned you to flee from the coming wrath?

    Here: 'To flee, to escape'. It pictures snakes slipping away from a spreading fire, and asks whether coming to the river is a real change or only a way to avoid getting burned.

  3. Matthew 8:33 ἔφυγον, fled,

    Those tending the pigs ran off into the town and reported all this, including the account of the demon-possessed men.

    Here: They fled. The verb suggests alarm, not a calm walk off to deliver news. They had just watched a whole herd die in front of them.

  4. Matthew 10:23 φεύγετε do flee

    When they persecute you in one town, flee to the next. Truly I tell you, you will not reach all the towns of Israel before the Son of Man comes.

    Here: A present-tense command: make it your practice to leave. This is a command, not just permission, and it treats flight as part of the mission rather than a failure of nerve.

  5. Matthew 23:33 φύγητε shall you escape

    You snakes! You brood of vipers! How will you escape the sentence of hell?

    Here: A subjunctive used for deliberation: 'how are you to escape?' The picture is of running away from something closing in. It echoes John the Baptist's 'who warned you to flee from the coming wrath?' (Matt 3:7).

  6. Matthew 24:16 φευγέτωσαν they should flee

    then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains.

  7. Matthew 26:56 ἔφυγον. fled.

    But this has all happened so that the writings of the prophets would be fulfilled.” Then all the disciples deserted Him and fled.

    Here: 'They fled.' A single, sudden act (aorist): they ran from danger. This is the sheep scattering once the shepherd is struck (26:31; Zechariah 13:7).

Mark · 5
  1. Mark 5:14 ἔφυγον fled

    Those tending the pigs ran off and reported this in the town and countryside, and the people went out to see what had happened.

  2. Mark 13:14 φευγέτωσαν they should flee

    So when you see the abomination of desolation standing where it should not be (let the reader understand), then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains.

    Here: A present command, "let them flee": get out and keep running. It is a practical order to escape, not a call to resist or to stand and fight.

  3. Mark 14:50 ἔφυγον fled

    Then everyone deserted Him and fled.

    Here: "They fled." This is the main verb, and it means running from danger, the word used of people escaping a threat or of soldiers in a rout. It reports the event as one completed whole, and it gives no reason, though the danger is obvious from the scene.

  4. Mark 14:52 ἔφυγεν he fled

    but he pulled free of the linen cloth and ran away naked.

  5. Mark 16:8 ἔφυγον they fled

    So the women left the tomb and ran away, trembling and bewildered. And in their fear they did not say a word to anyone.

Luke · 3
  1. Luke 3:7 φυγεῖν to flee

    Then John said to the crowds coming out to be baptized by him, “You brood of vipers, who warned you to flee from the coming wrath?

    Here: To run for your life. It continues the snake picture: creatures bolting from an oncoming fire.

  2. Luke 8:34 ἔφυγον they fled

    When those tending the pigs saw what had happened, they ran off and reported this in the town and countryside.

  3. Luke 21:21 φευγέτωσαν they should flee

    Then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains, let those in the city get out, and let those in the country stay out of the city.

    Here: A third-person command, 'they must flee', not a permission. It means running for one's life from danger, the ordinary word for refugees escaping war.

John · 2
  1. John 10:5 φεύξονται will flee

    But they will never follow a stranger; in fact, they will flee from him because they do not recognize his voice.”

    Here: Future, 'they will flee.' This is active escape, the startled bolt of animals that hear an unfamiliar voice, not polite indifference.

  2. John 10:12 φεύγει, flees —

    The hired hand is not the shepherd, and the sheep are not his own. When he sees the wolf coming, he abandons the sheep and runs away. Then the wolf pounces on them and scatters the flock.

    Here: He runs to save himself. This is the exact opposite of 10:11, where the good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep.

Acts · 2
  1. Acts 7:29 ἔφυγεν Fled

    At this remark, Moses fled to the land of Midian, where he lived as a foreigner and had two sons.

  2. Acts 27:30 φυγεῖν to flee

    Meanwhile, the sailors attempted to escape from the ship. Pretending to lower anchors from the bow, they let the lifeboat down into the sea.

1 Corinthians · 2
  1. 1 Corinthians 6:18 Φεύγετε do flee

    Flee from sexual immorality. Every other sin a man can commit is outside his body, but he who sins sexually sins against his own body.

    Here: A present-tense command to the whole church: 'keep running away', a standing habit, not a one-off escape. It is the verb used of Joseph running from Potiphar's wife (Genesis 39:12 in the Greek Old Testament). You don't argue with this danger or manage it. You leave.

  2. 1 Corinthians 10:14 φεύγετε do flee

    Therefore, my beloved, flee from idolatry.

    Here: A present-tense command addressed to all of them: 'keep running away.' It is an ongoing habit of getting out, not a single act. It also answers the 'way out' (ekbasis) promised in 10:13: when idolatry presents itself, the God-given exit is to leave.

1 Timothy · 1
  1. 1 Timothy 6:11 φεῦγε, do flee,

    But you, O man of God, flee from these things and pursue righteousness, godliness, faith, love, perseverance, and gentleness.

    Here: A present-tense command, meaning keep on running away, as a habit and not a single escape. The picture is someone running from danger, not calmly declining it.

2 Timothy · 1
  1. 2 Timothy 2:22 φεῦγε, do flee,

    Flee from youthful passions and pursue righteousness, faith, love, and peace, together with those who call on the Lord out of a pure heart.

    Here: A present-tense command: 'keep fleeing', as a habit and not a single escape. You do not negotiate with these desires or try to manage them. You get away from them.

Hebrews · 1
  1. Hebrews 11:34 ἔφυγον escaped

    quenched the raging fire, and escaped the edge of the sword; who gained strength from weakness, became mighty in battle, and put foreign armies to flight.

    Here: "They fled / escaped." The basic sense is physically running away, which fits David running from Saul, Elijah from Jezebel, and Jeremiah being hidden from the king. The aorist marks it as a completed escape.

James · 1
  1. James 4:7 φεύξεται he will flee

    Submit yourselves, then, to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you.

    Here: Future indicative ('he will flee'), a flat promise rather than a hope. The verb is the ordinary word for running from danger or a lost battle. The enemy is pictured as routed.

Revelation · 4
  1. Revelation 9:6 φεύγει he flees

    In those days men will seek death and will not find it; they will long to die, but death will escape them.

    Here: Present tense, "flees" or "keeps fleeing." It breaks the run of future verbs and makes the scene vivid, as if John watches death running off while they chase it.

  2. Revelation 12:6 ἔφυγεν fled

    And the woman fled into the wilderness, where God had prepared a place for her to be nourished for 1,260 days.

    Here: 'Fled', a single completed act. She does not fight the dragon. She escapes, the way persecuted people in Israel's stories escape (Jacob, Moses, David, Elijah), and the way Jesus told his followers to flee in a crisis (Matt 24:16).

  3. Revelation 16:20 ἔφυγεν, fled,

    Then every island fled, and no mountain could be found.

  4. Revelation 20:11 ἔφυγεν fled

    Then I saw a great white throne and the One seated on it. Earth and heaven fled from His presence, and no place was found for them.

    Here: 'Fled, ran away, escaped.' The tense presents it as a single, sudden event. The verb is singular although it has two subjects, which is normal Greek when a verb comes before its subjects. It echoes Psalm 114:3, 'The sea saw it and fled.'

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.