Hebrew word · H4975

מׇתְנַ֫יִם

matenayim

loin

Both mean the hips, loins or lower back, and both have the dual form used for paired body parts. This area was seen as the seat of physical strength and also of the power to have children ('come out of your loins,' Gen 35:11).

Appears 47 times in 45 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

1) loins, hips

1a) used with zar.zir (זַרְזִיר "greyhound" H2223) in Pr 30:31; perhaps an extinct animal, exact meaning unknown

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Isaiah 11:5

Range of meaning

Both mean the hips, loins or lower back, and both have the dual form used for paired body parts. This area was seen as the seat of physical strength and also of the power to have children ('come out of your loins,' Gen 35:11). 'Gird your loins' (motnayim) is the stock phrase for getting ready for action (Exod 12:11; 1 Kgs 18:46; Jer 1:17). ḥălāṣayim belongs to the same word family as ḥālûṣ, 'armed, equipped for war.'

Against the English

The KJV's 'reins' (from Latin renes, 'kidneys,' borrowed from the Vulgate) misleads twice. It was never the meaning of ḥălāṣayim, and modern readers think of horse reins. The WEB's 'waist… waist' is accurate but drops the variation between the two words.

How it drifted

'Reins' came into the KJV from Jerome's Latin renes. In English it has since lost its old meaning of 'kidneys,' so today's readers picture leather straps for steering a horse.

Used elsewhere in the period

Nah 2:1 (2:2 in Hebrew) says 'strengthen your loins' before a siege. Job 38:3 and 40:7 have God telling Job to 'gird up your loins like a man' (with ḥălāṣayim in 40:7 and motnayim elsewhere in Job). Isa 5:29 and the reference to the Assyrians' belts in 5:27 show the same imagery of readiness earlier in the book.

From the study of Isaiah 45:1

Range of meaning

Motnayim means "loins": the hips and waist, where the belt was tied ("gird up your loins" = get ready for action, 1 Kgs 18:46). Patach in its intensive form means to loosen or ungird. To loosen a man's belt is to disarm him: his sword hangs from it and his robe is no longer tucked up for running or fighting.

Against the English

KJV and YLT keep "loose the loins", which is literal but now confusing or suggestive to modern ears. Some versions speak of loosening kings' "belts". BSB "disarm" and WEB "strip kings of their armor" give the sense. Some paraphrases render it as kings being paralysed with fear, which picks up a secondary nuance.

How it drifted

In modern English "loins" mainly suggests the genitals or sex. In biblical idiom it is the seat of strength and readiness.

Used elsewhere in the period

1 Kgs 20:11: "Let not him who girds on his armour boast like him who takes it off." Isa 5:27 describes an invading army in which "not a waistband is loosed". Isa 11:5 calls righteousness the "belt of his loins". Dan 5:6 (Aramaic) says that when Belshazzar saw the writing on the wall, "the knots of his loins were loosed" (terror), on the very night Babylon fell to the Persians. The Septuagint renders the clause "I will shatter the strength of kings."

From the study of Nahum 2:10

Range of meaning

The hips, waist and lower back, the part of the body where the belt sat. 'Girding the loins' meant tucking up a robe and tightening the belt for running, work or battle (1 Kings 18:46; Job 38:3). The area stands for physical strength and readiness (Deuteronomy 33:11; Psalm 66:11).

Against the English

KJV/YLT 'loins,' ESV 'loins,' NASB 'the whole body' (in its rendering of this clause), BSB/NIV 'bodies.' 'Bodies' is safe for modern readers but loses the specific point that the seat of strength is affected.

How it drifted

'Loins' now mostly survives in English as a polite word for the genitals or for reproduction ('fruit of his loins'). Readers of the KJV may picture something sexual or intestinal. The Hebrew points to the hips and back, the place where strength is braced.

Used elsewhere in the period

Isaiah 21:3 ('my loins are filled with anguish'); Ezekiel 21:6 (Eng.), 'groan with breaking loins'; Psalm 69:23, 'make their loins tremble continually.' In each case, shaking loins mean strength giving way.

Similar words

Where it appears

Genesis · 1
  1. Genesis 37:34 בְּמָתְנָ֑יו on loins his

    Then Jacob tore his clothes, put sackcloth around his waist, and mourned for his son many days.

    Here: The Hebrew form means a pair, like 'both hips', for the waist and hip area where a belt sits. The sackcloth is tied as a loincloth or waist-wrap, probably against the bare skin.

Exodus · 2
  1. Exodus 12:11 מָתְנֵיכֶ֣ם loins your

    This is how you are to eat it: You must be fully dressed for travel, with your sandals on your feet and your staff in your hand. You are to eat in haste; it is the LORD’s Passover.

    Here: The hip and lower-back area where a belt or sash is tied. The form is dual (a pair: both hips). It is not a sexual term here; it marks where clothing was fastened.

  2. Exodus 28:42 מִמָּתְנַ֥יִם from [the] hips

    Make linen undergarments to cover their bare flesh, extending from waist to thigh.

Deuteronomy · 1
  1. Deuteronomy 33:11 מָתְנַ֧יִם loins

    Bless his substance, O LORD, and accept the work of his hands. Smash the loins of those who rise against him, and of his foes so they can rise no more.”

2 Samuel · 1
  1. 2 Samuel 20:8 מָתְנָיו֙ loins his

    And while they were at the great stone in Gibeon, Amasa joined them. Now Joab was dressed in military attire, with a dagger strapped to his belt. And as he stepped forward, he slipped the dagger from its sheath.

1 Kings · 5
  1. 1 Kings 2:5 בְּמָתְנָ֔יו [was] on loins his

    Moreover, you know what Joab son of Zeruiah did to me—what he did to Abner son of Ner and Amasa son of Jether, the two commanders of the armies of Israel. He killed them in peacetime to avenge the blood of war. He stained with the blood of war the belt around his waist and the sandals on his feet.

    Here: "On his waist". This is the place a man "girds" himself for action, here for killing.

  2. 1 Kings 12:10 מִמָּתְנֵ֥י more than [the] loins of

    The young men who had grown up with him replied, “This is how you should answer these people who said to you, ‘Your father made our yoke heavy, but you must make it lighter.’ This is what you should tell them: ‘My little finger is thicker than my father’s waist!

  3. 1 Kings 18:46 מָתְנָ֑יו loins his

    And the hand of the LORD came upon Elijah, and he tucked his cloak into his belt and ran ahead of Ahab all the way to Jezreel.

    Here: The word has a dual ending ('both sides'): the hips and lower back, where a belt sits. It is not a polite word for the genitals. It names the place where the garment is gathered and tied.

  4. 1 Kings 20:31 בְּמָתְנֵ֜ינוּ on loins our

    Then the servants of Ben-hadad said to him, “Look now, we have heard that the kings of the house of Israel are merciful. Let us go out to the king of Israel with sackcloth around our waists and ropes around our heads. Perhaps he will spare your life.”

  5. 1 Kings 20:32 בְּמָתְנֵיהֶ֜ם on loins their

    So with sackcloth around their waists and ropes around their heads, they went to the king of Israel and said, “Your servant Ben-hadad says, ‘Please spare my life.’” And the king answered, “Is he still alive? He is my brother.”

2 Kings · 3
  1. 2 Kings 1:8 בְּמָתְנָ֑יו on loins his

    “He was a hairy man,” they answered, “with a leather belt around his waist.” “It was Elijah the Tishbite,” said the king.

  2. 2 Kings 4:29 מָתְנֶ֗יךָ loins your

    So Elisha said to Gehazi, “Tie up your garment, take my staff in your hand, and go! If you meet anyone, do not greet him, and if anyone greets you, do not answer him. Then lay my staff on the boy’s face.”

    Here: The hips and lower back, where a belt sits. The point is the waist where the robe is tucked in, not anything sexual.

  3. 2 Kings 9:1 מָתְנֶ֗יךָ loins your

    Now Elisha the prophet summoned one of the sons of the prophets and said to him, “Tuck your cloak under your belt, take this flask of oil, and go to Ramoth-gilead.

    Here: A dual noun (the Hebrew form for natural pairs) for the hips and lower back, where a belt sits. It is the waist area, not specifically the genitals.

2 Chronicles · 1
  1. 2 Chronicles 10:10 מִמָּתְנֵ֥י more than [the] loins of

    The young men who had grown up with him replied, “This is how you should answer these people who said to you, ‘Your father made our yoke heavy, but you must make it lighter.’ This is what you should tell them: ‘My little finger is thicker than my father’s waist!

Nehemiah · 1
  1. Nehemiah 4:18 מָתְנָ֖יו hips his

    And each of the builders worked with his sword strapped at his side. But the trumpeter stayed beside me.

Job · 2
  1. Job 12:18 בְּמָתְנֵיהֶֽם׃ on loins their

    He loosens the bonds placed by kings and fastens a belt around their waists.

  2. Job 40:16 בְמָתְנָ֑יו [is] in loins its

    See the strength of his loins and the power in the muscles of his belly.

Psalms · 2
  1. Psalm 66:11 בְמָתְנֵֽינוּ׃ on hips our

    You led us into the net; You laid burdens on our backs.

  2. Psalm 69:23 וּ֝מָתְנֵ֗יהֶם and loins their

    May their eyes be darkened so they cannot see, and their backs be bent forever.

    Here: The hips and lower back, where a person was girded for work or battle and where the body's strength was thought to sit. It is the object of the next verb: God is asked to make this core of strength give way.

Proverbs · 2
  1. Proverbs 30:31 מָתְנַ֣יִם loins

    a strutting rooster; a he-goat; and a king with his army around him.

    Here: 'Of the loins.' This narrows down which creature is meant: one whose hips or waist are tight, girded or springy. The image is of a firm, upright build and a confident walk, the opposite of a slouch.

  2. Proverbs 31:17 מָתְנֶ֑יהָ loins her

    She girds herself with strength and shows that her arms are strong.

    Here: 'Her hips/waist', the place where a belt sits and where the body's lifting and carrying strength is centred. The Hebrew uses a pair form (dual), as with two hips. Here it carries no sexual meaning.

Isaiah · 4
  1. Isaiah 11:5 מָתְנָ֑יו hips his

    Righteousness will be the belt around His hips, and faithfulness the sash around His waist.

    Here: The 'two' (the Hebrew word has a dual form) hips or lower back. In Hebrew idiom this is where a man's strength sits. Girding the loins is what you do before action.

  2. Isaiah 20:2 מָתְנֶ֔יךָ hips your

    the LORD had already spoken through Isaiah son of Amoz, saying, “Go, remove the sackcloth from your waist and the sandals from your feet.” And Isaiah did so, walking around naked and barefoot.

    Here: The hips and lower back, where a belt or wrap was tied. Sackcloth was typically girded here, so this is a waist garment and not a full robe.

  3. Isaiah 21:3 מָתְנַי֙ loins my

    Therefore my body is filled with anguish. Pain grips me, like the pains of a woman in labor. I am bewildered to hear, I am dismayed to see.

    Here: 'My loins': the hips and small of the back, where a man tied his belt and where Hebrew placed bodily strength and readiness to act. The seat of his strength has turned into the seat of his shaking.

  4. Isaiah 45:1 וּמָתְנֵ֥י and [the] loins of

    This is what the LORD says to Cyrus His anointed, whose right hand I have grasped to subdue nations before him, to disarm kings, to open the doors before him, so that the gates will not be shut:

    Here: "And the waists of": the hips, where a warrior tied his belt and hung his sword. The word is used of strength and readiness for action, not of sexuality.

Jeremiah · 6
  1. Jeremiah 1:17 מָתְנֶ֔יךָ loins your

    Get yourself ready. Stand up and tell them everything that I command you. Do not be intimidated by them, or I will terrify you before them.

    Here: 'Your hips/waist.' The word is in the dual form, as for a natural pair. It is where the belt sits and was thought of as the seat of bodily strength. It is not a sexual term here.

  2. Jeremiah 13:1 מָתְנֶ֑יךָ loins your

    This is what the LORD said to me: “Go and buy yourself a linen loincloth and put it around your waist, but do not let it touch water.”

  3. Jeremiah 13:2 מָתְנָֽי׃ ס loins my

    So I bought a loincloth in accordance with the word of the LORD, and I put it around my waist.

  4. Jeremiah 13:4 מָתְנֶ֑יךָ loins your

    “Take the loincloth that you bought and are wearing, and go at once to Perath and hide it there in a crevice of the rocks.”

  5. Jeremiah 13:11 מָתְנֵי־ [the] loins of

    For just as a loincloth clings to a man’s waist, so I have made the whole house of Israel and the whole house of Judah cling to Me, declares the LORD, so that they might be My people for My renown and praise and glory. But they did not listen.

  6. Jeremiah 48:37 מָתְנַ֖יִם loins

    For every head is shaved and every beard is clipped; on every hand is a gash, and around every waist is sackcloth.

    Here: The hips and lower back, where a belt or loincloth sits. Like 'hands', it has a dual-looking form. Sackcloth was tied here, often with the chest left bare.

Ezekiel · 12
  1. Ezekiel 1:27 מָתְנָ֖יו מָתְנָיו֙ hips his

    From what seemed to be His waist up, I saw a gleam like amber, with what looked like fire within it all around. And from what seemed to be His waist down, I saw what looked like fire; and brilliant light surrounded Him.

  2. Ezekiel 8:2 מָתְנָ֛יו וּמִמָּתְנָ֣יו hips his, and [was] from hips his

    Then I looked and saw a figure like that of a man. From His waist down His appearance was like fire, and from His waist up He was as bright as the gleam of amber.

  3. Ezekiel 9:2 בְּמָתְנָ֑יו [was] at hips his

    And I saw six men coming from the direction of the Upper Gate, which faces north, each with a weapon of slaughter in his hand. With them was another man clothed in linen who had a writing kit at his side. And they came in and stood beside the bronze altar.

  4. Ezekiel 9:3 בְּמָתְנָֽיו׃ ס [was] at hips his

    Then the glory of the God of Israel rose from above the cherubim, where it had been, and moved to the threshold of the temple. And He called to the man clothed in linen who had the writing kit at his side.

  5. Ezekiel 9:11 בְּמָתְנָ֔יו [was] at hips his

    Then the man clothed in linen with the writing kit at his side reported back, “I have done as You commanded.”

  6. Ezekiel 21:6 מָתְנַ֙יִם֙ loins

    But you, son of man, groan! Groan before their eyes with a broken heart and bitter grief.

  7. Ezekiel 23:15 בְּמָתְנֵיהֶ֗ם on hips their

    wearing belts on their waists and flowing turbans on their heads; all of them looked like officers of the Babylonians in Chaldea, the land of their birth.

  8. Ezekiel 29:7 מָתְנָֽיִם׃ ס hips

    When Israel took hold of you with their hands, you splintered, tearing all their shoulders; when they leaned on you, you broke, and their backs were wrenched.

  9. Ezekiel 44:18 מָתְנֵיהֶ֑ם loins their

    They are to wear linen turbans on their heads and linen undergarments around their waists. They must not wear anything that makes them perspire.

  10. Ezekiel 47:4 מָתְנָֽיִם׃ loins

    Then he measured off a thousand cubits and led me through knee-deep water. Again he measured a thousand cubits and led me through waist-deep water.

Daniel · 1
  1. Daniel 10:5 וּמָתְנָ֥יו and loins his

    I lifted up my eyes, and behold, there was a certain man dressed in linen, with a belt of fine gold from Uphaz around his waist.

    Here: The hips and waist, the part of the body where a belt or sash was tied. It is a dual form, like other paired body parts.

Amos · 1
  1. Amos 8:10 מָתְנַ֙יִם֙ loins

    I will turn your feasts into mourning and all your songs into lamentation. I will cause everyone to wear sackcloth and every head to be shaved. I will make it like a time of mourning for an only son, and its outcome like a bitter day.

    Here: 'Loins': the hips and waist, where a garment was tied. Sackcloth was worn as a wrap around the waist, often against bare skin.

Nahum · 2
  1. Nahum 2:1 מָתְנַ֔יִם [the] loins

    One who scatters advances against you, O Nineveh. Guard the fortress! Watch the road! Brace yourselves! Summon all your strength!

    Here: The hips and lower back, the core of physical strength where the belt was tied before fighting. "Strengthen loins" means "brace yourselves for battle".

  2. Nahum 2:10 מָתְנַ֔יִם loins

    She is emptied! Yes, she is desolate and laid waste! Hearts melt, knees knock, bodies tremble, and every face grows pale!

    Here: The hips and lower back, where a man tightened his belt for action. It is the body's center of strength. That is exactly where the convulsions strike.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.