Greek word · G2390
ἰάομαι
iaomai
to heal
'To heal, to cure', mainly of bodily illness: it is the usual verb for Jesus' healings (e.g. Luke 6:19; 9:2).
Appears 25 times in 25 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·
What it means
ἰάομαι, -ῶμαι
[in LXX for רָפָא (Genesis 20:17, al.), exc. Isaiah 30:26 61:1 (חָבַשׁ) ;]
to heal: with accusative of person(s), Luke 5:17 6:19 9:2, 11 9:42 14:4 22:51, John 4:47, Acts 9:34 10:38 28:8; pass., Matthew 8:8, 13 15:28, Luke 7:7 8:47 17:15, John 5:13; id. before ἀπό᾽, Mark 5:29, Luke 6:17; figuratively, of spiritual healing, Matthew 13:15, John 12:40, Acts 28:27" (LXX) ; pass., Hebrews 12:13, James 5:16, 1 Peter 2:24.†
SYN.: θεραπεύω, q.v (AS)
From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
'To heal, to cure', mainly of bodily illness: it is the usual verb for Jesus' healings (e.g. Luke 6:19; 9:2). It was also used metaphorically for restoring a person or people, especially in the Greek Old Testament: 'by his wounds we are healed' (Isa 53:5, quoted in 1 Pet 2:24); 'I will heal their faithlessness' (Hos 14:4; Jer 3:22); 'lest they turn and I heal them' (Isa 6:10).
- Against the English
'Healed' is a good match. The risk runs both ways. Some readers make it purely spiritual or emotional (the Vulgate even reads ut salvemini, 'that you may be saved'). Others make it purely physical and miss its biblical overtone of restoration.
- How it drifted
Spiritualizing readings began early: the Latin 'be saved' and later devotional use turned it into inner healing. The opposite tendency reads it as a guaranteed physical cure.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Common in medical writers and healing inscriptions (e.g. at Asclepius shrines) for bodily cures. In the Greek Old Testament it is used for both physical healing (Gen 20:17; 2 Kgs 20:5) and national or spiritual restoration (Hos 6:1; 14:4).
- Range of meaning
To heal, cure, restore to health. Used of physical cures and, in the prophets, for God restoring a wounded nation: forgiving its sin, binding up its wounds, rebuilding its life.
- Against the English
English "heal" can sound purely medical or purely spiritual. Here it is national and covenantal: the restoration of a sick people to wholeness with God.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Isaiah 6:10 Hebrew רָפָא (rapha) and Septuagint ἰάσομαι. Compare Isa 53:5 ("by his wounds we are healed", ἰάθημεν), Isa 57:18–19, Jer 3:22 ("Return, faithless children; I will heal your faithlessness", where turning and healing are paired as here), Hos 6:1, 14:4. In John, ἰάομαι is used for actual cures (4:47; 5:13).
- Range of meaning
'To heal, cure,' used of physical illness. It is also used figuratively for restoring a person or people (Isaiah 6:10; 53:5 LXX).
- Against the English
'Will be healed' is accurate. The future tense carries confident expectation, not a hope or a wish.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Medical writers use it, and so do healing inscriptions such as those at the temple of Asclepius in Epidaurus. In the Greek Old Testament it is often used of God healing (Exodus 15:26: 'I am the LORD who heals you,' ho iōmenos se).
Where it appears
Matthew · 4
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Matthew 8:8 ἰαθήσεται will be healed
The centurion answered, “Lord, I am not worthy to have You come under my roof. But just say the word, and my servant will be healed.
Here: Future tense and passive voice: 'will be healed.' The certainty is plain. The form also leaves the healing power unnamed, as one who acts on the boy from outside.
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Matthew 8:13 ἰάθη was healed
Then Jesus said to the centurion, “Go! As you have believed, so will it be done for you.” And his servant was healed at that very hour.
Here: 'Was healed', in the passive. No healer is named in the sentence, which leaves God (acting through Jesus' word) as the one understood to be doing it. It is a real physical cure of a paralysed and suffering boy (v. 6).
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Matthew 13:15 ἰάσομαι I will heal
For this people’s heart has grown callous; they hardly hear with their ears, and they have closed their eyes. Otherwise they might see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and turn, and I would heal them.’
Here: 'I will heal.' God speaks in the first person, and this is a future indicative ('I will') rather than the subjunctive the earlier verbs use. The healing is of the whole people: a sick, wounded nation made whole again, which includes forgiveness and restoration.
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Matthew 15:28 ἰάθη was healed
“O woman,” Jesus answered, “your faith is great! Let it be done for you as you desire.” And her daughter was healed from that very hour.
Here: 'Was healed.' The passive points to God as the one acting. Since the girl was 'badly demonized' (v.22), the healing here is her release from that oppression.
Mark · 1
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Mark 5:29 ἴαται she has been healed
Immediately her bleeding stopped, and she sensed in her body that she was healed of her affliction.
Here: A perfect-tense verb, 'she has been healed', meaning the healing is finished and lasting. Greek reported speech keeps the speaker's own tense, so this is her thought: 'I am healed.' This is the only place in Mark's Gospel where this verb appears.
Luke · 10
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Luke 5:17 ἰᾶσθαι to heal
One day Jesus was teaching, and the Pharisees and teachers of the law were sitting there. People had come from Jerusalem and from every village of Galilee and Judea, and the power of the Lord was present for Him to heal the sick.
Here: 'To heal, to cure.' Here it is bodily healing, which sets up the paralysed man in v.18.
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Luke 6:19 ἰᾶτο was healing
The entire crowd was trying to touch Him, because power was coming from Him and healing them all.
Here: 'Was healing,' ongoing. The subject can be read as the power ('and [it] was healing') or as Jesus ('and he was healing'). The Greek allows both.
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Luke 7:7 ἰαθήτω let be healed
That is why I did not consider myself worthy to come to You. But just say the word, and my servant will be healed.
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Luke 8:47 ἰάθη she was healed
Then the woman, seeing that she could not escape notice, came trembling and fell down before Him. In the presence of all the people, she explained why she had touched Him and how she had immediately been healed.
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Luke 9:2 ἰᾶσθαι to heal
And He sent them out to proclaim the kingdom of God and to heal the sick.
Here: To make well. It is also present tense, so healing is an ongoing activity that goes along with the announcement. It shows the reign of God in action, as the announcement says it in words.
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Luke 9:11 ἰᾶτο.¶ He was healing.
But the crowds found out and followed Him. He welcomed them and spoke to them about the kingdom of God, and He healed those who needed healing.
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Luke 9:42 ἰάσατο healed
Even while the boy was approaching, the demon slammed him to the ground in a convulsion. But Jesus rebuked the unclean spirit, healed the boy, and gave him back to his father.
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Luke 14:4 ἰάσατο He healed
But they remained silent. Then Jesus took hold of the man, healed him, and sent him on his way.
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Luke 17:15 ἰάθη, he was healed,
When one of them saw that he was healed, he came back, praising God in a loud voice.
Here: A passive verb ("was healed") with no named agent. In Jewish idiom this kind of passive often hints that God is the one who acted, which is why the man's response is to glorify God. Verse 14 used purity language ("cleansed"). Here Luke switches to plain healing language: his body has been made well.
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Luke 22:51 ἰάσατο He healed
But Jesus answered, “No more of this!” And He touched the man’s ear and healed him.
John · 3
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John 4:47 ἰάσηται He may heal
When he heard that Jesus had come from Judea to Galilee, he went and begged Him to come down and heal his son, who was about to die.
Here: The ordinary word for curing a sick body, related to iatros, "physician." He is asking for a cure from a fever (4:52), not for anything abstract.
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John 5:13 ἰαθεὶς having been healed
But the man who was healed did not know who it was, for Jesus had slipped away while the crowd was there.
Here: 'Having been healed.' The aorist (a one-off completed event) passive participle names him by the cure itself. The passive makes him the one acted upon: he did nothing to bring it about and does not even know who did it.
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John 12:40 ἰάσομαι I will heal
“He has blinded their eyes and hardened their hearts, so that they cannot see with their eyes, and understand with their hearts, and turn, and I would heal them.”
Here: Future indicative, "I will heal", which breaks the run of "might" verbs and comes word for word from the Greek Isaiah. The "I" is the divine speaker. Healing here is the restoration of a broken people, which includes forgiveness.
Acts · 4
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Acts 9:34 ἰᾶταί heals
“Aeneas,” Peter said to him, “Jesus Christ heals you! Get up and put away your mat.” Immediately Aeneas got up,
Here: A present tense of something happening at the very moment the words are spoken: "Jesus Christ is healing you, now." The verb is the ordinary word for a doctor's cure, and Luke the physician-writer likes it.
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Acts 10:38 ἰώμενος healing
how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power, and how Jesus went around doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, because God was with Him.
Here: Making people physically and wholly well. The present tense describes something he kept doing again and again along the way.
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Acts 28:8 ἰάσατο healed
The father of Publius was sick in bed, suffering from fever and dysentery. Paul went in to see him, and after praying and placing his hands on him, he healed the man.
Here: 'Healed'. This is the main verb of the clause, and everything before it leads up to it. The aorist tense presents the healing as a single completed act.
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Acts 28:27 ἰάσομαι I will heal
For this people’s heart has grown callous; they hardly hear with their ears, and they have closed their eyes. Otherwise they might see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and turn, and I would heal them.’
Here: 'I will heal.' God speaks in the first person, and the verb is future indicative rather than the expected subjunctive. That makes the healing sound almost like a promise waiting at the end of the turning.
Hebrews · 1
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Hebrews 12:13 ἰαθῇ may be healed
Make straight paths for your feet, so that the lame may not be disabled, but rather healed.
Here: 'Be healed,' passive. The limb is restored, not just protected. This is a bodily picture of the struggling believer being made whole again.
James · 1
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James 5:16 ἰαθῆτε· you may be healed;
Therefore confess your sins to each other and pray for each other so that you may be healed. The prayer of a righteous man has great power to prevail.
Here: Passive, so God is the healer. Coming right after a sickbed scene, it means bodily healing first, but in the Greek Old Testament the word can also mean God healing his people's unfaithfulness, so it probably includes repair of the person and of the community.
1 Peter · 1
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1 Peter 2:24 ἰάθητε. you have been healed.
He Himself bore our sins in His body on the tree, so that we might die to sin and live to righteousness. “By His stripes you are healed.”
Here: Past tense and passive: "you were healed," something already done to them. Peter changes Isaiah's "we" to "you," speaking straight to the suffering slaves. Verse 25 shows what the healing is: coming back from straying to the Shepherd.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.